So wowɔ nsakrae yi bi wɔ wo honam ani? Momma yensua Squamous Cell Carcinoma ho ade!

So woahaw wo ho wɔ akisikuru foforo, kuru a ɛrensa, anaasɛ wo honam ani a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ nsensanee ho pɛn? Ebia wunsusuw ho pii. Nanso, ɛtɔ mmere bi a saa honam ani nsakrae yi betumi ayɛ biribi a anibere wom kɛse ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Ɛnnɛ yɛbɛka honam ani kokoram a ɛte saa biako ho asɛm. Wɔfrɛ no squamous cell carcinoma, anaa SCC.

Dɛn ne squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)? Momma yɛnte ase kɛkɛ!

Okay, afei momma yɛnhwɛ nea squamous cell carcinoma yɛ. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ɛyɛ honam ani kokoram bi. Efi ase wɔ yɛn honam ani fã a ɛwɔ akyi paa, epidermis, a wɔfrɛ no squamous cells no mu. Sɛ yɛbɛka no pɛpɛɛpɛ a, ɛyɛ honam ani kokoram a ɛto so abien a abu so sen biara. Nea edi kan ne basal cell carcinoma.

Mpɛn pii no, saa squamous cell kokoram yi nyin wɔ yɛn nipadua no mmeae a owia bɔ kɛse no. Susuw mmeae te sɛ wo ti, wo nsa, ne wo nan ho. Nanso, ɛtɔ mmere bi a, saa kokoram ahorow yi betumi aba nipadua no mmeae a ntini a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu no nso. Ɛne sɛ, wɔ mmeae te sɛ ano mu, ahurututu, ne akyi berɛmo.

Dɛn ne kokoram yi ahorow atitiriw?

Squamous cell carcinoma ahorow atitiriw pii wɔ hɔ, a egyina baabi a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu ne baabi a atrɛw akodu so.

• Honam ani: Kokoram yi betumi ayɛ nea ɛwɔ hɔ (wɔ honam ani fã a ɛwɔ soro) anaasɛ ebetumi atrɛw akɔ akyiri asen honam ani fã a ɛwɔ soro no.
• Metastatic type: Wɔ saa kokoram yi mu no, kokoram no trɛw kɔ akyiri sen honam ani kɔ nipadua no afã afoforo.

Hena na ɔwɔ asiane kɛse sɛ obenya squamous cell carcinoma?

Obiara betumi anya saa kokoram yi. Nanso, nnipa binom wɔ asiane mu kakra. Hwɛ sɛ nokwasɛm ahorow yi fa wo ho anaa:

• Sɛ wo honam ani asɛe denam owia hann a ano yɛ den a wode bere tenten atra mu fi wo mmofraase anaasɛ esiane owia a asɛe nti.
• Sɛ wo honam ani yɛ fitaa yiye, w’ani yɛ bruu anaa ahabammono , na wo ti nhwi yɛ bruu anaa kɔkɔɔ a.
• Sɛ woadi mfe 65 anaa nea ɛboro saa a.
• Sɛ wo nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ mmerɛw (sɛ nhwɛso no, obi a wɔama no akwaa foforo).
• Sɛ woanya nnuru bi (e.g. sigaret wusiw, arsenic).

Mmarima betumi anya kokoram yi mmɔho abien sen mmea. Ɛwom sɛ ɛtaa ba nnipa a wɔadi boro mfe 50 mu de, nanso nnansa yi ara na ɛkɔ soro wɔ nnipa a wonnii mfe 50 mu.

Wɔbɔ amanneɛ sɛ nnipa bɛboro ɔpepem biako nya squamous cell carcinoma afe biara wɔ United States nkutoo. Wɔsan nso ka sɛ nnipa dodoɔ a wɔyare saa yareɛ yi akɔ soro bɛyɛ 200% wɔ mfeɛ aduasa a atwam no mu. Enti, ɛho hia paa sɛ yehu eyi.

Dɛn ne squamous cell carcinoma ho sɛnkyerɛnne? Woyɛ dɛn hu no?

Sɛ wuhu nsakrae yi bi wɔ wo honam ani a, hwɛ yiye. Eyinom betumi ayɛ squamous cell carcinoma ho sɛnkyerɛnne:

• Akuru a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛkɔ soro anaasɛ enyin wɔ honam ani. Eyi betumi ayɛ kurukuruwa na mogya atɔ .
• Akuru a ɛkɔ soro sen honam ani hwɛbea a atwa ho ahyia no na ɛte sɛ adwenemhaw wɔ mfinimfini.
• Kuru a ɛnsa anaa kuru a ɛsa na ɛsan ba bio.
• Ntini a ɛyɛ tratraa, ɛyɛ nsensanee, kɔkɔɔ a ɛwɔ honam ani a ebetumi ayɛ nsateakwaa biako (bɛyɛ sɛntimita 2.5) anaa nea ɛboro saa .

Nsɛnkyerɛnne foforo bɛn na ebetumi ahu eyi?

Nsɛnkyerɛnne afoforo bi wɔ hɔ a ebetumi akyerɛ sɛ ebia ɛyɛ squamous cell cancer:

• Akuru anaa nyini a ɛwɔ honam ani. Ebetumi ayɛ nea ɛyɛ nwunu, ɛyɛ yaw , ɛyɛ nwansena, anaa ne kɔla soronko wɔ honam ani a atwa ho ahyia no ho. Wɔsan frɛ saa tebea yi ``Actinic Keratosis``.
• Sɛ w’anofafa a ɛwɔ fam no yɛ kuru a, honam ani hwɛbea a ɛwɔ hɔ no kɔla sesa, ɛyɛ nwunu, na ɛpaapae . Ebia ɛbɛyɛ te sɛ nea woahyew bere a worekɔ owia mu no. Wɔsan frɛ eyi `(Cheilitis)`.
• Sɛ wowɔ nsensanee fitaa anaasɛ kɔla asesa wɔ w'anom, wo tɛkrɛma, wo sẽ, anaa w'afono so , wɔfrɛ saa tebea yi ``Leukoplakia''.

Ɛhe na kokoram yi taa ba wɔ nipadua no mu?

Ɛwom sɛ squamous cell carcinoma tumi nya nipadua no baabiara de, nanso wɔtaa hu no wɔ mmeae yi:

• Wɔ honam ani
• Ano, tɛkrɛma ne menewa (wɔsan frɛ no ``Oral Carcinoma'') .
• Anim, anofafa, hwene, aso, aniwa nhwi, ne ti nhwi
• Esophageal Carcinoma (wɔsan frɛ no Esophageal Carcinoma anaa Epidermoid Carcinoma) .
• Nsa, nan
• Mmeae a ɛwɔ akyi berɛmo no mu

Dɛn nti na saa squamous cell carcinoma yi nya? Dɛn na ɛde ba?

Nea ɛde kokoram yi ba titiriw ne awosu mu nkwaadɔm bi a wɔfrɛ no `(p53 gene)` mu nsakrae a ɛba yɛn nkwammoaa mu. Nea ɛde saa `(p53 gene)` mutation yi ba titiriw ne ultraviolet rays (UV rays) a efi owia mu ne akwan a wɔayɛ te sɛ `(tanning beds)` a ɛma honam ani hwɛbea no nya UV rays.

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, saa `(p53 gene)` yi ne nea ɛhwɛ yɛn nkwammoaa mu mpaapaemu ne nkwammoaa foforo a ɛba so. Eyi te sɛ kokoram.Ɛte sɛ aduru a wɔde siw akisikuru ano. Enti, sɛ wɔsakra saa awosu mu abɔde yi a, nkwammoaa fi ase kyekyɛ dodo a wontumi nni so. Ɛno na nneɛma te sɛ kokoram akisikuru ne akisikuru ba.

So kokoram yi bɛtrɛw akɔ nipadua no mu nyinaa?

Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma yɛ honam ani kokoram a ɛntaa nsi a ɛntaa nkɔ nipadua no afã afoforo. Sɛ ɛba saa mpo a, ɛyɛ brɛoo. Nanso, sɛ wɔansa a, ebetumi de nkwa ato asiane mu. Enti sɛ wuhu nsakrae bi wɔ wo honam ani a, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara sɛnea wubetumi.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu kokoram yi? (Nyare a Wɔahu) .

Wo duruyɛfo no bedi kan ahwɛ baabi a wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no wɔ no. Eyi kyerɛ sɛnea akuru anaa akuru no kɛse, ne nsusuwii, ne beae a ɛwɔ. Nea ɛka ho no, wobebisa nsɛm de asua pii afa w’ayaresa ho abakɔsɛm ne wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ho. Nhwɛsoɔ:

• "Bere bɛn na wudii kan huu saa akuru/kuru yi?"
• "So eyi kɛse sesae bere a wudii kan huu no akyi?"
• "So eyi yɛ yaw? So ɛyɛ ɛyaw?"

Sɔhwɛ ahorow bɛn na esi eyi so dua?

Sɛ wɔyɛ aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu wie a, wobetumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo de akyerɛ sɛ wɔahu yare no:

• Skin biopsy: Nea ɛka eyi ho ne sɛ wobeyi ntini ketewaa bi afi baabi a ayɛ no na wɔde afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete ahwɛ mu.
• Mfonini nhwehwɛmu (e.g., CT scan anaa MRI): Wɔde eyinom di dwuma de hu kokoram a ɛwɔ honam ani no kɛse ne sɛ ebia atrɛw akɔ nipadua no afã afoforo, titiriw ntini a ɛma mogya tu no.

Dɛn ne squamous cell carcinoma no fã ahorow?

Wo duruyɛfo bɛma wo yare no fã bi de ahu baabi a kokoram no atrɛw akodu wɔ wo nipadua mu. Saa fã yi na ɛbɛkyerɛ ayaresa a eye sen biara ama wo. Squamous cell carcinoma no afã atitiriw anum na ɛwɔ hɔ:

• Ɔfã 0: Kokoram no wɔ honam ani fã a ɛwɔ soro (epidermis) nkutoo. Wɔsan frɛ eyi Squamous cell carcinoma in situ.
• Ɔfã I (1): Kokoram no wɔ honam ani fã a ɛwɔ soro ne mfinimfini (Epidermis ne Dermis).
• Ɔfã II (2): Kokoram no wɔ honam ani fã a ɛwɔ soro ne mfinimfini na atrɛw akɔ ntini anaa honam ani fã a emu dɔ sen biara (Epidermis, Dermis ne Subcutis).
• Ɔfã III (3): Kokoram no atrɛw akɔ akyiri sen honam ani akɔ ntini a ɛma mogya tu no mu.
• Ɔfã IV (4): Kokoram no atrɛw akɔ nipadua no afã afoforo ne akwaa ahorow te sɛ mmerɛbo, ahurututu, ne amemene.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa squamous cell carcinoma?

Botae titiriw a ɛwɔ ayaresa mu ne sɛ wobeyi kokoram no afi nipadua no mu. Ayaresa ko a wo nsa bɛka no begyina nneɛma te sɛ kokoram no kɛse, ne nsusuwii, ne beae a ɛwɔ so. Ayaresa a wɔtaa de di dwuma no bi ni:

• Cryosurgery: Wɔma kokoram nkwammoaa yɛ nwini na wɔsɛe no.
• Mfonini a Wɔde Yɛ Ayaresa (PDT):Wɔde nneɛma a ɛma hann ne hann bruu yi kokoram fi honam ani.
• Curettage ne Electrodesiccation: Wɔde adwinnade bi a ɛte sɛ nsenia a wɔfrɛ no curette twitwiw kokoram a ɛyɛ kurukuruwa no na afei wɔde anyinam ahoɔden hyew.
• Twitwa: Wɔyɛ oprehyɛn de twa kokoram no fi honam ani na afei wɔsan pam honam ani.
• Mohs oprehyɛn: Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ woyi honam ani ntoatoaso a kokoram aka no fi hɔ. Wɔtaa yɛ eyi ma kokoram a ɛba anim no.
• Systemic Chemotherapy: Wɔde nnuru a ano yɛ den ma de sɛe kokoram nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu.

Nnuru ahorow bɛn na wɔde ma saa kokoram yi?

Ɛtɔ da bi a, sɛ kokoram no atrɛw kakra, anaasɛ oprehyɛn a wɔbɛyɛ de ayi kokoram no nyɛ ɔkwan pa mma wo a, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛw nnuru ama wo.

• Wɔde honam ani aduru a ``Imiquimod`` anaa ``5-Fluorouracil`` wom di dwuma ma squamous cell carcinoma wɔ honam ani fã a ɛwɔ soro (epidermis).
• Wɔde immunotherapy a wɔfrɛ no ``Cemplimab-rwlc (Libtayo®)`` ma squamous cell carcinomas a ɛkɔ anim.
• Wɔde immunotherapy a wɔfrɛ no ``Pembrolizumab (Keytruda®)`` ma squamous cell carcinomas a wontumi mfa oprehyɛn nsa.

So nsunsuanso bɔne bi wɔ saa ayaresa ahorow yi mu?

Nea ɛtaa ba ne nsakrae a ɛba honam ani hwɛbea mu bere a wɔayi kokoram afi hɔ akyi, te sɛ akuru.

Sɛ worenom nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa mfa saa nnuru no mu nsunsuanso bɔne ho asɛm.

Me ho bɛtɔ me ntɛm dɛn bere a wɔasa me yare awie no?

Bere a egye na wo nipadua no sa yare bere a wɔasa wo yare awie no gu ahorow wɔ onipa biara mu. Egyina nneɛma te sɛ kokoram no kɛse, ne nsusuwii, ne beae a ɛwɔ so. Mpɛn pii no, nnipa dodow no ara ho tɔ wɔn wɔ adapɛn abien kosi anan akyi bere a wɔasa wɔn yare de ayi kokoram no afi hɔ no. Adapɛn kakraa bi wɔ ayaresa akyi no, wo duruyɛfo no bɛsan ahwɛ wo bio ahwɛ sɛ wo nipadua no resa yiye na ayaresa no reyɛ adwuma.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na eyi bɔ obi ho ban fi squamous cell kokoram ho?

Bere a ɛrentumi nyɛ yiye sɛ wobɛbɔ wo ho ban koraa afi kokoram ahorow nyinaa ho no, nneɛma bi wɔ hɔ a wubetumi ayɛ de atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ no so:

• Kwati sɛ wobɛkɔ owia mu dodo.
• Kwati sɛ wode mpa a wɔde hyɛ wo honam ani hwɛbea bedi dwuma.
• Hyɛ ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ owia, kyɛw, ne ntade a UPF ahobammɔ wom bere nyinaa bere a wowɔ abɔnten no. Afei nso, fa aduru a ɛbɔ wo ho ban fi owia ho di dwuma.
• Gyae sigaretnom.
• Kwati sɛ wode wo ho bɛhyɛ nnuru a wunni nneɛma a wode bɔ wo ho ban mu.

Nea ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ, sɛ wuhu nsakrae foforo biara wɔ wo honam ani, akisikuru, anaa kuru bi a ɛnsa, anaasɛ w’adwene mu yɛ wo naa wɔ ho a, kɔ oduruyɛfo anaa honam ani yare ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara.

Sɛ mewɔ squamous cell carcinoma a, dɛn na ɛba?

Mpɛn pii no, squamous cell carcinomaSɛ wohu ntɛm a, nkɔmhyɛ pa wɔ hɔ na hokwan a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobenya nkwa no dɔɔso yiye. Sɛ wohu kokoram no ntɛm na wɔsa no a, ebetumi asiw kokoram no ano na annyin na ansɛe nipadua no afã afoforo.

Sɛ wo duruyɛfo yi wo kokoram no fi hɔ mpo a, hokwan ketewaa bi wɔ hɔ sɛ ɛbɛsan aba daakye. Enti kɔ so ne wo duruyɛfo nni nkitaho na ama woahwɛ ahu sɛ wo nni kokoram koraa. Ɛho hia nso sɛ wobɔ wo honam ani ho ban fi UV mframa ho bere a worekɔ abɔnten no.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Wɔ tebea a ɛte saa mu no, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn:

• Sɛ wuhu biribi wɔ wo honam ani, te sɛ akisikuru foforo, awo agyiraehyɛde, kuru a ɛrensa, anaa nsakrae a ɛba wɔ baabi a ɛwɔ hɔ akyɛ no mu .
• Sɛ wopɛ sɛ wo honam ani yare ho oduruyɛfo yɛ wo honam ani nhwehwɛmu afe biara a.
• Sɛ nsunsuanso bɔne anaa nsɛnnennen te sɛ ɛyaw, mogya a ɛtɔ, anaa ɛyaw a ɛfa squamous cell kokoram a wɔsa ho wɔ hɔ a.

Nsɛm bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mibisa me duruyɛfo?

• "Squamous cell carcinoma fã bɛn na mewɔ?"
• "So ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ me oprehyɛn de yi kokoram no fi me nipadua mu?"
• "So ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ honam ani yare ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?"
• "So nsunsuanso bɔne bi wɔ ayaresa no mu?"

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) ne basal cell carcinoma (BCC) ntam?

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) ne basal cell carcinoma (BCC) nyinaa yɛ honam ani kokoram ahorow. Owia hann a ɛboro so (ultraviolet rays) na ɛde abien no nyinaa ba. Tebea abien no nyinaa fi squamous cells anaa basal cells a ɛdɔɔso dodo. Squamous cell carcinoma, te sɛ basal cell carcinoma, betumi aba wɔ honam ani honam ani hwɛbea no mu. Nanso, SCC yɛ soronko efisɛ ebetumi ayɛ kɛse wɔ mmeae a ntini a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu te sɛ ano mu, menewa, ahurututu, ne awotwaa mu nso.

Dɛn ne ‘squamous cell carcinoma in situ’?

Wɔsan frɛ squamous cell carcinoma a ɛwɔ beae a ɛwɔ hɔ no Bowen yare . Asɛmfua "in situ" kyerɛ sɛ kokoram nkwammoaa no wɔ honam ani fã a ɛwɔ soro (epidermis) nkutoo. Wɔtaa hu Bowen yare no wɔ honam ani a owia bɔ no so. Nanso, ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebetumi aba wɔ honam ani a atwa akyi berɛmo ne awotwaa ho ahyia no mu, sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔ awotwaa anaa awotwaa mu (a wɔsan frɛ no awotwaa mu kokoram).

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛte ehu nka bere a wuhu sɛ akuru foforo bi wɔ wo honam ani na wuhu sɛ ɛyɛ kokoram no. Nanso, ayaresa a wɔde sa squamous cell carcinoma betumi ayi kokoram no afi wo nipadua mu yiye. Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wobɛyɛ nneɛma bi de abɔ wo ho ban afi owia UV hann ho. Sɛ wuhu sɛ akuru foforo anaa nsakrae bi aba wo honam ani a, nsɛe bere nkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn, ma wɔnkɔhwɛ, na sɛ ɛho hia a, kɔ ayaresa ntɛm ara. W’akwahosan wɔ wo nsam!

` squamous cell carcinoma, honam ani kokoram, scc, honam ani kokoram, honam ani nyarewa, kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne, owia hann