Ah, wo nsa ka UFR (Urine Full Report) wɔ wo nsam na wususuw sɛ, “Oo ɔdɔfo, dɛn ne eyi nyinaa?” Ɛno abu so koraa. Sɛ wuhu saa aduruyɛ mu nsɛmfua ne akontaabu ahorow no nyinaa a, ebetumi ate nka sɛ ɛyɛ den kakra. Nanso mma ɛnhaw wo! Momma yɛmfa nsɛm a ɛnyɛ den nkyekyɛ nea nea afi mu aba yi kyerɛ ankasa mu.
Nea edi kan no, nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu (Macroscopic) .
Susuw ho saa kwan yi so: sɛ wode wo nhwɛsode no ma a, lab technician no di kan hwɛ, te sɛ nea ɔrehwehwɛ nsu kuruwa mu.
Dɛn na kɔla no ka kyerɛ yɛn? (Ahosuo)
- Sɛnea ɛte biara: Sɛ nsu wɔ wo mu yiye a, ɛsɛ sɛ ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw. Sɛ nsu a ɛwɔ mu no sua a, ebetumi ayɛ te sɛ nea ɛyɛ amber kakra. Ɛno taa yɛ nea eye koraa.
- Sɛ nsakrae bi ba a:
- Sɛ ɛte sɛ kɔkɔɔ a, ebia ɛbɛkyerɛ sɛ mogya wɔ hɔ (ɛwom sɛ ɛtɔ da bi a sɛ wodi nneɛma te sɛ beetroot a, ebetumi ama saa bere tiaa mu nsakrae yi aba 😉).
- Kɔla a ɛyɛ bruu tuntum betumi ama mmerɛbo no dwumadi ho dadwen aba.
- Nnuru bi nso betumi asesa kɔla no.
So ɛhɔ yɛ hann anaasɛ mununkum wɔ hɔ? (Nea ɛda adi/Nea ɛda adi pefee) .
- Sɛnea ɛte daa: Ɛsɛ sɛ nsu a ɛwɔ apɔwmuden mu no mu da hɔ.
- Sɛ nsakrae bi ba a: Te sɛ nsu kuruwa a ɛyɛ kusuu bere a wɔakanyan no no, sɛ wo nsu yɛ mununkum anaasɛ ɛyɛ kusuu a, ebetumi akyerɛ sɛ efĩ bi wɔ hɔ–te sɛ akisikuru , mmoawa, anaa nkwammoaa. Eyi taa yɛ sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya ɔyare mmoawa.
Nsu anaasɛ nea ɛyɛ den? (Nneɛma a ɛtwe ade ba fam pɔtee – Sp. Gr.)
- Eyi kyerɛ sɛnea wɔde wo nsu ‘a ɛyɛ den’ toto nsu ho. Sɛ wo nipadua hia nsu pii a, nsu no mu yɛ den; sɛ nsu pii wɔ wo mu a, ɛyɛ nea ɛyɛ mmerɛw kɛse.
- Sɛ nsakrae bi ba a: Sɛ ɛyɛ nea ɛdɔɔso wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so (ɛsom bo kɛse) a, wobetumi de abata asikreyare ho . Sɛ ɛyɛ nea ɛyɛ mmerɛw kɛse (ɛho nhia pii) a, ebetumi akyerɛ sɛ w’asaabo rehyia ɔhaw wɔ nsu no a ɛbɛhyehyɛ mu yiye.
Afei, nnuru a wɔde yɛ nhwehwɛmu (Dipstick sɔhwɛ) .
Wɔde dipstick a wɔayɛ ho adwuma titiriw bi hyɛ nhwɛsode no mu. Kɔla a ɛsakra wɔ strip no so no da wo mu akwahosan ho nsɛm pii adi.
So ɛyɛ acid anaasɛ basic? (pH) .
- Eyi na ɛkyerɛ sɛnea wo nsu mu acid ne base kari pɛ. Ɛsakra gyina nea wudi ne nea wonom so na ɛboa nnuruyɛfo ma wɔte asiane ahorow a ɛwɔ asaabo mu abo anaa nsu mu yare mu ase.
Dɛn nti na protein yɛ ade a ɛhaw adwene? (Protein) .
- Wɔ obi a ɔwɔ apɔwmuden mu no, ɛnsɛ sɛ protein biara wɔ nsu mu (Negative/Nil).
- Biribiara a ɛwɔ hɔ (Positive/Trace) taa kyerɛ sɛ asɛm bi wɔ asaabo no ho, titiriw wɔ wɔn filtering system no ho.
Dɛn na asikre a ɛwɔ nsu mu no kyerɛ? (Glucose) .
- Bio nso, ɛnsɛ sɛ glucose (Negative/Nil) biara ba wo nsu mu.
- Sɛ ɛwɔ hɔ (Positive) a, ɛyɛ ade titiriw a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya Asikreyare . Sɛ asikre dodow a ɛwɔ mogya mu no dɔɔso dodo a, asaabo no ntumi nsan nnye ne nyinaa, na ɛhwie gu nsu mu.
Ɛhe na ketones fi? (Ketones) .
- Bere a glucose kɔm de wo nipadua (esiane asikreyare a wontumi nni so yiye nti, mmuadadi, anaa ɔfe a ɛkɔ so no), efi ase hyew srade de hwehwɛ pɛtro. Ade a efi saa adeyɛ yi mu ba ne ketones .
- Mpɛn pii no, ɛsɛ sɛ eyinom yɛ nea enye. Sɛ ɛwɔ hɔ a, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ nea ɛde ba no mu nhwehwɛmu.
Na Bilirubin ne Urobilinogen nso ɛ?
- Saa dodow yi ma wunya wo mmerɛbo akwahosan ho nhumu tẽẽ. Nneɛma a ɛnteɛ wɔ ha no hwehwɛ sɛ wɔyɛ aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu wɔ mmerɛbo mu tebea horow ho.
So mogya wɔ hɔ? (Mogya)
- Sɛ nsu no nyɛ kɔkɔɔ mpo a, nnuru a wɔde yɛ nhwehwɛmu yi tumi hu mogya kakraa bi mpo.
- Sɛ ɛyɛ papa a, ebetumi akyerɛ sɛ ɔyare mmoawa, asaabo mu abo, anaa adwene mu nsɛm afoforo.
Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya ɔyare mmoawa (Leukocyte Esterase & Nitrites) .
- Sɛ abien no nyinaa (Leukocyte Esterase ne Nitrites) wɔ hɔ a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya UTI (urinary tract infection), efisɛ mpɛn pii no, ɔyare mmoawa no hwehwɛ sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa ne mmoawa pɔtee bi kɔ soro.
Awiei koraa no, nhwehwɛmu a wɔde afiri ketewaa bi yɛ
Lab kuw no twitwiw nsu no wɔ centrifuge mu de boaboa nsu a ɛwɔ mu no ano, na afei wɔde afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete hwɛ. Eyi ne baabi a wɔkyere nneɛma nketenkete a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete no.
Mogya mu Nkwammoaa Kɔkɔɔ (RBCs) .
- Sɛ nsu no nyɛ kɔkɔɔ mpo a, wobetumi ahu nkwammoaa kakraa bi (a mpɛn pii no ɛyɛ 0-3) wɔ afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete mu.
- Sɛ ɛdɔɔso kɛse a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ mogya retu wɔ baabi wɔ nsu a ɛkɔ nsu mu no mu.
Mogya Nkwammoaa Fitaa / Pus Nkwammoaa
- Eyinom ne wo nipadua no asraafo! Wɔdɔɔso bere a wɔko tia ɔyare mmoawa bi (ɛno nti na wɔtaa frɛ wɔn akisikuru nkwammoaa).
- Mpɛn pii no, ɛsɛ sɛ dodow no nnu 5. Dodow a ɛkɔ soro kyerɛ sɛ ɔyare mmoawa a ɛyɛ nnam.
Nkwammoaa a Ɛwɔ Epithelial
- Saa nkwammoaa yi hwie fi nsu a wɔde gu nipadua no mu no mu. Kakraa bi yɛ ade a ɛfata.
- Nanso, nea ɛboro so anaasɛ ahorow pɔtee bi (te sɛ Renal Tubular nkwammoaa) betumi akyerɛ sɛ asaabo asɛe.
Casts a wɔtow gu
- Eyinom yɛ nneɛma nketenkete a ɛte sɛ ntini a protein anaa nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ asaabo no mu na ɛyɛ.
- Cast ko (sɛ nhwɛso no, RBC casts, WBC casts) boa ma wohu asaabo tebea pɔtee bi.
Ahwehwɛ a wɔde yɛ nneɛma
- Eyinom yɛ aboɔden abo nketenkete a wɔayɛ.
- Kakraa bi (te sɛ Calcium Oxalate) abu so, nanso dodow a ɛdɔɔso anaa ahorow pɔtee bi betumi akyerɛ sɛ asiane wɔ hɔ sɛ Asaabo mu abo bɛba.
Nkwammoaa nketenkete (Mmoawa, Mmɔkaw, Nwansena) .
- Ɛsɛ sɛ nsu a ɛfata no yɛ nea mmoawa nketenkete yi nni mu.
- Wɔn a wɔwɔ hɔ no yɛ sɛnkyerɛnne a emu da hɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔanya ɔyare bi te sɛ UTI anaasɛ mmɔkaw yare.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔbɛkyerɛ ne nyinaa ase?
Seesei wuhu nsɛm dodow a UFR amanneɛbɔ bi de ma. Nanso kae mmara a ɛho hia yi: Mmɔ mmɔden sɛ wubegyina amanneɛbɔ no mu nsɛm biako pɛ so ahu wo ho!
Sɛ oduruyɛfo bi hwɛ amanneɛbɔ yi mu a, wɔde nea efi mu ba biara bata wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne, aduruyɛ ho abakɔsɛm, ne ɛtɔ mmere bi a nhwehwɛmu afoforo ho na ama wɔahu yare no pɛpɛɛpɛ.
Sɛnea wɔde nhwɛsode a eye sen biara bɛma
Nneɛma a wɔboaboa ano yiye ho hia na ama wɔanya nea efi mu ba no pɛpɛɛpɛ. Anamɔn a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ ni:
- Anɔpa Nsu a Edi Kan:Sɛ ɛbɛyɛ yiye a, fa anɔpa nsu a edi kan no ma efisɛ ɛno na ɛyɛ nea ɛdɔɔso sen biara.
- Mfinimfini: Fi ase tow nsu, na kyere “mfinimfini” fã no wɔ ade no mu. Kwati nea edi kan ne nea etwa to no.
- Ahotew: Ansa na wobɛboaboa ano no, fa nsu hohoro ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna ho na fa wo nsa bɔ. Eyi mma mmoawa a ɛwɔ akyi no ntumi nsɛe nhwɛsode no na ɛde nea efi mu ba a ɛnteɛ ba.
Asɛmfua a etwa to (Ɔfã a ɛho hia sen biara!) .
Seesei woanya ntease pa wɔ sɛnea wɔkenkan UFR amanneɛbɔ ho. Fa no sɛ asɛm bi a wo nipadua reka akyerɛ wo. Nanso, mma wo werɛ mmfi sɛ eyi ma wonya nsɛnkyerɛnne nkutoo . Sɛ wobɛte asɛm no nyinaa ase na woasi anammɔn a ɛho hia ho gyinae a, ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn na wo ne wɔn kyɛ amanneɛbɔ no. Ɛno nkutoo ne ɔkwan a wobɛfa so anya awerɛhyem!
Kyɛ akwankyerɛ yi na boa afoforo nso ma wosua!
