Ðe míaƒo nu tso Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE), si nye ahɔhɔ̃medɔ si tsoa abi si woxɔna le ta enuenu me ŋua?

Míaƒe ta xɔ asi ŋutɔ eye wòsea veve ɖe ame nu, alo? Gake ɣeaɖewoɣi, ne míele kamedefefe wɔm, míedze anyi, alo míedze afɔku bubuwo la, míate ŋu axɔ abi suesuesuewo eye míaƒe ta naxɔ abi. Ðewohĩ èse be ne woƒo míaƒe ta nu alea, menye zi ɖeka alo zi eve ko o, ke boŋ atraɖii, ƒe geɖe la, ate ŋu agblẽ nu le míaƒe ahɔhɔ̃ ŋu. Ema nye nɔnɔme sesẽ mawo siwo nɔa anyi didi siwo ŋu míaƒo nu tsoe egbea dometɔ ɖeka, tagbɔdɔléle si nu sẽ si nɔa anyi didi, alo CTE kpuie.

Nukae nye CTE (Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy)?

Kpuie ko la, CTE nye ahɔhɔ̃medɔ si tsoa ƒoƒo ɖe ta dzi enuenu kple ʋuʋudedi gbɔ. Ate ŋu atrɔ alesi wò ahɔhɔ̃ ƒe akpa vovovowo wɔa dɔe kple alesi woɖoa dze kple wo nɔewoe. Ele abe mɔ̃ si le dɔ wɔm bliboe si le gbegblẽm zi ɖeka ene. Le alesi gbegbe nusi gblẽ le eŋu kple ahɔhɔ̃a ƒe akpa siwo ŋu wògblẽ nu le nu la, ate ŋu anye nu sesẽ ŋutɔ.

Mina míama gɔmesese si le ŋkɔ CTE ŋu me vie:

• Nusi nɔa anyi didi: Esia fia be menye nane si dona eye wòdzona le ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe me CTE nye o, ke boŋ enye dɔléle si nɔa anyi didi .
• Nuveviwɔame: Esia fia be edo ƒome kple abi alo nuveviwɔame .
• Tagbɔdɔléle: Esia nye nya si woɖe tso Helagbe me nya eve me. Nya la gɔmee nye "ahɔhɔ̃ ƒe dɔléle."

Eyata ne míetsɔ nusiawo katã ƒo ƒui la, míese egɔme be CTE nye ahɔhɔ̃medɔ si nɔa anyi didi si tsoa abixɔxɔ le ta enuenu gbɔ.

Amekawoe le afɔku gã me be woaxɔ CTE?

CTE ate ŋu adze amesiame si ŋu ʋuʋudedi le la me. Gake medzɔna le zã ɖeka me o. Le ame geɖe gome la, ate ŋu axɔ ƒe geɖe, ƒe bla nanewo gɔ̃ hã hafi dzesiawo nadze ƒã. Zi geɖe la, amesiwo ŋu CTE le la ƒe lãme ʋuʋuna ƒe geɖe. Afɔku sia lolo ŋutɔ le kamedefefewɔla bibiwo gome.

Bu eŋu kpɔ, ame siwo ƒoa kamedefefewo abe kɔdada, MMA (mixed martial arts), rugby, kple bɔlƒoƒo ene. Zi nenie woƒoa ta na wo? Azɔ hã, asrafo aɖewo le afɔku me elabena ele be woakpɔ nuwo abe wowó ene gbɔ.

Gake nya lae nye esi. Menye amesiame si ƒoa kamedefefe le suku ƒe ɖoɖo nue tua eŋu ɖo o. Amesiwo ŋu wokpɔ CTE le ƒe ƒexɔxɔ le mama dedie nu anɔ abe ƒe 42-43 ene. Ema fia be emegbe vie koe wòdzena.

Ne míelé ŋku ɖe amesiwo le afɔku me wu ŋu nyuie vie la:

• Ame siwo wɔa aʋawɔwɔ: Kɔdada, aʋawɔɖaŋu siwo wotsaka (MMA), kpakple aʋawɔɖaŋu deŋgɔwo abe taekwondo kple judo ene hã le afɔku me.
• Ame siwo ƒoa kadodo ƒe kamedefefewo: vevietɔ kamedefefewo abe bɔlƒoƒo (Amerikatɔwo), ice hockey, kple rugby ene.
• Ame siwo ƒoa wo ɖokui ɖe ablɔdzidɔwo me: gasɔdolawo, rollerblading, skateboarding (afɔkua lolo wu ne womedo gakuku o).
• Asrafomegãwo: Amesiwo wodo go wowó kple ahɔhɔ̃ me abi sesẽ mawo tɔgbe.

Aleke gbegbee nɔnɔme sia bɔe?

Le nyateƒe me la, eŋutinunyalawo menya alesi tututu CTE bɔe o. Susu ɖekae nye be fifia la, mɔ aɖeke meli si dzi woato aka ɖe edzi 100% be dɔlélea le ame aɖe ŋu esime wògale agbe o. Ðɔktawo ate ŋu ake ɖi, gake womate ŋu agblɔe kple kakaɖedzi ne womedo ahɔhɔ̃a kpɔ le amekukudɔwɔɣi o.

What’s more, CTE ƒe dzesiwo ɖi ahɔhɔ̃medɔ bubuwo abe Alzheimer ƒe dɔléle kple frontotemporal dementia ene ŋutɔ, eyata ate ŋu asesẽ ɣeaɖewoɣi be woade vovototo wo ame evea dome.

Nukawoe nye CTE ƒe dzesiwo?

Zi geɖe la, CTE ƒe dzesiwo dzena vivivi, eye wodzina ɖe edzi vivivi le ɣeyiɣi aɖe megbe. Esesẽ be woagblɔ ɣeyiɣi si tututu wodzea egɔme alo alesi wowɔa ŋgɔyiyi kabakabae.

Dzesi siwo bɔ wu dometɔ aɖewoe nye:

• Esesẽ be woatsɔ susu aɖo nu ɖeka ŋu ahabu tame (míeyɔa esia hã be ``sidzedze ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie'').
• Taɖuame enuenu .
• Ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe ƒe ŋkuɖoɖonudzi ƒe bu (mete ŋu ɖoa ŋku nusi wowɔ alo gblɔ teti dzi o).
• Nuwɔna ƒe tɔtrɔ: Nuwo abe dzikudodo zi ɖeka, dzikudodo ale gbegbe be wòwó.

Tsɔ kpe ɖe esia ŋu la, dzesi bubuwo ate ŋu adze:

• Blanuiléle (blanuiléle, ɖekematsɔleme le naneke me o).
• Esesẽ be woawɔ ɖoɖowɔwɔ kple dɔwo wɔwɔ nyuie (`(Executive dysfunction)`).
• Nuƒoƒo ƒuƒlu, nuƒoƒo ƒuƒlu.
• Afɔwo ƒe ʋuʋu kple lãmekawo ƒe ʋuʋu si dzi womeɖu o (si woyɔna hã be ``Parkinsonism'', si sɔ kple Parkinson ƒe dzesiwo).
• Ele abe dadasɔ si mebu o ne èle zɔzɔm, si le ʋuʋum ene.
• Abɔ kple afɔwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ɖekae ƒe bu (`(Ataxia)`).
• Nuwɔna siwo me wowɔa adã le ƒe dzidziɖedzi.
• Nuvevi wɔwɔ ɖokuiwò ƒe susu, ameɖokuiwuwu ƒe susu alo agbagbadzedze.

Vevietɔ: Ne wò ŋutɔ alo ame aɖe si nènya le susu siawo me tom la, taflatse di kpekpeɖeŋu enumake. Ƒo ka na ɖɔkta, xɔ̃wò, alo xexlẽdzesi si woatsɔ akpɔ nudzɔdzɔ kpatawo gbɔ.

Nukae hea CTE vɛ?

Nu vevi eve li siwo nana CTE dzea ame dzi.

1. Nuveviwɔame le ta enuenu:

Wobua esia be eya koŋ gbɔe CTE tsona. Nu vevitɔe nye be menye abi ɖesiaɖe si abia be ame ƒe susu nabu (woɖee ɖa) o.Aɖuɖɔtoe suesuesuewo kple abiwo gɔ̃ hã ƒoa ƒu le ƒe geɖe me tsɔ hea nɔnɔme sia vɛ. Bu eŋu abe alesi nètsɔa akplɔ ƒoa gli enuenu ene. Zi ɖeka ƒoƒo mawɔ nu boo aɖeke o, gake zi alesi nèyi edzi le ƒoƒom la, zi nenemae gli la agblẽ nu geɖee.

2. Protein siwo womebla nyuie o ƒe ƒuƒoƒo ɖe ahɔhɔ̃a me:

Proteinwo nye atike molecule veviwo ŋutɔ le míaƒe ŋutilã me. Protein siawo hiã na dɔ ɖesiaɖe wɔwɔ. Protein ƒomevi tɔxɛ aɖe si woyɔna be ‘tau’ le míaƒe ahɔhɔ̃ me. Protein ‘tau’ sia wɔa dɔ abe ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe kpeɖeŋutɔ ene.

Be protein nate ŋu awɔ dɔ nyuie la, ele be wòanɔ nɔnɔme nyuitɔ me. Abe alesi wòhiã be safui nade gaxɔ me ene. Gake, le abi siawo siwo woxɔna le ta ŋu enuenu ta la, `(tau)` protein siawo trɔa woƒe nɔnɔme eye wodzudzɔa dɔwɔwɔ nyuie. Emegbe protein siawo siwo mewɔ ɖeka kple ɖoɖo o siwo nye `(tau)` la dzea ƒoƒo ƒu ɖe teƒe vovovowo le ahɔhɔ̃a me. Abe gbeɖuɖɔ ene. Aleae, ne èkpɔ `(tau)` protein siawo woƒo ƒu le ɖoɖo aɖe koŋ nu la, woɖoa kpe CTE dzi fifia le amekukudɔ me.

Aleke tututue wokpɔa CTE le?

Esia nye nya si me kɔ vie. Fifia la, mɔ aɖeke meli si dzi woato aɖo kpe edzi kple kakaɖedzi 100% be CTE le ame aɖe ŋu esime wògale agbe o. Mɔ ɖeka koliae nye be woaɖe ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe kpɔɖeŋuwo le ku megbe eye woado wo kpɔ le nusuekpɔmɔ̃ me.

Gake ɖɔktawo ateŋu alé ŋku ɖe ame aɖe ƒe dzesiwo, ta ƒe abixɔxɔ ŋutinya, ŋutilã kple ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dodokpɔwo ŋu, eye woasusui be, "Ate ŋu adzɔ be CTE le ame sia ŋu." Míeyɔa ema be ``nukpɔkpɔ si wosusu be enye dɔléle.''

Ne ɖɔktawo susu be CTE la, zi geɖe la, woɖea gbe be woado wo kpɔ ɖe wo nɔewo yome be woaɖe nɔnɔme bubuwo ɖa. Togbɔ be dodokpɔ siawo mate ŋu ade dzesi CTE tẽ o hã la, woate ŋu akpe ɖe ame ŋu woagbe nu bubu siwo gbɔ wòtsona. Dodokpɔ siawo dometɔ aɖewoe nye:

• CT-dɔdamɔnu siwo wozãna
• MRI-mɔ̃wo ƒe fotowo
• PET-nukpɔkpɔwo
• Dodokpɔ siwo me woɖea tsi tso aklã me (woyɔa esia be ``Lumbar puncture'' alo ``Spinal tap'') .

Ðe atike aɖe li na esia? Ðe woate ŋu adaea?

Nublanuitɔe la, atike aɖeke meli na CTE fifia o. Esia nye ahɔhɔ̃ ƒe gbegblẽ tegbee.

Ke hã, woate ŋu ada dzesi siwo doa mo ɖa la dometɔ aɖewo. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, atike aɖewo li na ŋkuɖoɖonudzi ƒe kuxiwo, nuwɔna ƒe tɔtrɔ, kple blanuiléle. Nusiwo atike mawo nye kple alesi woawɔ woe anɔ te ɖe nu geɖe dzi, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye wò dzesiwo kple wò lãmesẽ ŋutinya. Eyata wò ɖɔktae nye ame nyuitɔ kekeake si aɖo aɖaŋu na wò tso esia ŋu.

Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, agbenɔnɔ ƒe nɔnɔme aɖewo li siwo ɖea vi na ahɔhɔ̃a ƒe lãmesẽ bliboa, eye ele vevie hã be nàwɔ ɖe wo dzi.

Aleke woate ŋu aɖe afɔkua dzi akpɔtɔ? Ðe woate ŋu axe mɔ ɖe enua?

Nusi wòle be nàwɔ be nàƒo asa na CTE keŋkeŋNu nyuitɔ si nàwɔe nye be nàɖe taɖuame kple ʋuʋudedi ƒe afɔkua dzi akpɔtɔ alesi nàte ŋui. Nu bɔbɔe ʋɛ aɖewo li míate ŋu awɔ atsɔ awɔ esia:

• Fe dedie: Ne èle kamedefefe siwo gblẽa nu le ame ŋu vevie abe bɔlƒoƒo kple rugby ene ƒom la , kpɔ egbɔ be yedo dedienɔnɔnu nyuiwo (abe gakuku ene). Ele vevie hã be nàƒo asa na ʋufɔku siwo me afɔku le eye nàfe evɔ màde ɖokuiwò alo ame bubuwo afɔku me o.
• Mègafe kple abi o: Ne mèbu le ta le abixɔxɔ megbe o hã la, afɔku le eme be nàfe kple susu be, "Mele nyuie, mele nyuie." Ʋuʋudedi mefia kokoko be wò susu megale dɔ wɔm o. Ne èʋuʋu eye emegbe wògaƒo ta ake la, ate ŋu anye afɔku gã aɖe.
• Do gakuku ne èle tasiaɖamfɔ eve dom: Kpɔ egbɔ be yedo gakuku ne èle gasɔ dom, rollerblading, alo skateboarding. Ate ŋu aɖe ta ƒe abixɔxɔ kple ʋuʋudedi ƒe afɔkua dzi akpɔtɔ ŋutɔ.
• Do zikpuimeka: Ʋufɔkuwoe nye nu vevitɔ si hea ʋuʋudedi vɛ le amesiwo menye kamedefefewɔlawo o dome. Zikpuimeka dodo ate ŋu akpe ɖe ame ŋu be ta abixɔxɔ le afɔku me ƒe afɔkua dzi naɖe akpɔtɔ.

Nukae amesi ŋu CTE le ate ŋu akpɔ mɔ na?

Abe alesi míegblɔe va yi ene la, CTE nye ahɔhɔ̃medɔ si gblẽa nu le ame ŋu. Ema fia be dzesiawo nu sẽna ɖe edzi le ɣeyiɣi aɖe megbe. Esia ate ŋu axɔ ƒe geɖe, ƒe bla nanewo gɔ̃ hã. Fifia la, mɔ aɖeke meli si dzi eŋutinunyalawo ato agblɔ ɣeyiɣi didi si tututu wòaxɔ hafi ahɔhɔ̃a ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi naɖe akpɔtɔ o.

Ɣeyiɣi didi kae nɔnɔme sia anɔ anyi?

CTE nye dɔléle si nɔa anyi ɖaa, si nɔa anyi le eƒe agbemeŋkekewo katã me.

Nukae nye nɔnɔme sia ƒe mɔkpɔkpɔ?

Le numekuku kple gɔmesese si li fifia nu la, CTE ŋutɔ mewua ame tẽ o. Gake ate ŋu ahe lãmesẽkuxi bubu siwo ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ gbegblẽ ɖe wò lãmesẽ kple agbenɔnɔ ƒe nyonyome dzi vɛ. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, ɖewohĩ màte ŋu awɔ dɔwo abe nuɖuɖu, tsilele, kple awudodo na ɖokuiwò o. Zi geɖe la, ele be ame mawo nanɔ teƒe siwo wokpɔa dɔnɔwo gbɔ le ɣeyiɣi didi aɖe, afisi atikewɔlawo le.

Ne dɔlélea le sesẽm ɖe edzi la, nu mimi sesẽ (dysphagia) ate ŋu adzɔ, si ana aklãdɔ kple gbɔgbɔtsixetsixe ƒe afɔkua nadzi ɖe edzi.

Aleke nèléa be na ɖokuiwòe?

Le dɔlélea ƒe gɔmedzedze la, àte ŋu akpɔ ɖokuiwò dzi le ɖɔkta ƒe mɔfiafia te. Wò ɖɔkta aɖo aɖaŋu na wò le tɔtrɔ siwo nàwɔ le agbenɔnɔ me ŋu be nàkpɔ wò dzesiwo gbɔ. Gake ne dɔlélea le sesẽm ɖe edzi la, ate ŋu asesẽ be nàwɔ nuwo le ɖokuiwò si. Nublanuitɔe la, ne wò dzesiawo nya ɖo afi aɖe ko la, àte ŋu akpɔe be manya wɔ be yeanɔ agbe le ɖokuiwò si o.

Nukae nàwɔ ne èdi be nuwo nadzɔ abe ale si nèdi ene?

Ne wokpɔ CTE (alo ahɔhɔ̃medɔléle ma tɔgbe) le ŋuwò le gɔmedzedzea me la, ele vevie be nàƒo nu kple wò ɖɔkta, ƒometɔwo, kple amesiwo dzi nèka ɖo siwo ate ŋu awɔ nyametsotso veviwo na wò. Dzeɖoɖo sia ate ŋu akpe ɖe wo ŋu woanya nusi me nètsɔ ɖe le ne mète ŋu le nyametsotsowo wɔm na ɖokuiwò o.

Dzeɖoɖo siawo ƒomevi ate ŋu anye nusi me kɔ vie eye wòanye nusi mebɔ o. Gake anyo wu be woanɔ asiwò kaba tsɔ wu be woatsi megbe. To mɔ sia dzi la, wò lɔlɔ̃tɔwo ate ŋu anya nusi nye wò didiwo do ŋgɔ. Womagblẽ wo ɖi woanɔ akɔnta bum o.

Tsɔ kpe ɖe dzeɖoɖo ma ŋu la, anyo hã be nàŋlɔ wò didiwo kple nyametsotsowo ɖe agbalẽ me. Esia ateŋu alɔ senyawo ŋuti nuŋlɔɖiwo, nuwo abe nusi nàwɔ ne màte ŋu akpɔ ɖokuiwò dzi alo awɔ nyametsotsowo le wò lãmesẽ ŋu o ene. Ame geɖe zãa senyala tsɔ kpena ɖe wo ŋu wowɔa nuŋlɔɖi siawo ƒomevi.

Ɣekaɣie wòle be makpɔ ɖɔkta?

Ne ède dzesi tɔtrɔ aɖewo le wò tamebubu, ŋkuɖoɖonudzi, susu, alo seselelãme, alo nuwɔna me la, kpɔ egbɔ be yeyi ɖɔkta gbɔ.

Ɣekaɣie wòle be nàyi xɔ si me wowɔa dɔ kpata le?

Ne nuvevi wɔwɔ le ɖokuiwò ŋu (ameɖokuiwuwu ƒe susuwo hã le eme) alo nuvevi ame bubuwo ƒe susuwo le fu ɖem na wò la, di kpekpeɖeŋu enumake. Azɔ hã, ne èsusu be ame aɖe si nènya la ɖo afɔku sia tɔgbe me la, na woanya kaba ale si nàte ŋui.

Be nàxɔ kpekpeɖeŋu le nɔnɔme sia tɔgbe me la, àte ŋu:

• Ameɖokuiwuwu nutsitsi ƒe kaƒoƒo le Sri Lanka (e.g. Sumitrayo 1333, CCCline 1926).
• Susu ƒe lãmesẽnyawo gbɔ kpɔkpɔ le miaƒe nutoa me.
• 1990 (Suvaseriya) alo 119 (Kpovitɔwo ƒe Xexlẽdzesi Kpata). Àte ŋu aƒo ka na xexlẽdzesi siawo abia kpekpeɖeŋu na ame aɖe le nɔnɔme kpata aɖe me.

Vovototo kae le ʋuʋudedi megbe dɔléle (PCS) kple CTE dome?

Togbɔ be ame aɖewo susu be "Post-concussion syndrome (PCS)" kple "Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)" nye nu ɖeka hã la, nɔnɔme vovovo evee nye esiawo.

• PCS `(Post-concussion syndrome)`: Esia nye nɔnɔme si dzɔna le ta ƒe abi `(concussion)` megbe. Ate ŋu anɔ anyi kwasiɖa ʋɛ aɖewo, ɣleti ʋɛ aɖewo, gake edzona ne ahɔhɔ̃a le hayahayam. PCS ƒe nɔnɔme si nɔa anyi didi hã li, gake le nɔnɔme ma me la, `(tau)` protein si ŋu míeƒo nu tsoe la meƒoa ƒu ɖe ahɔhɔ̃a me le mɔ si mesɔ o nu o.
• CTE (Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy): Esia nye ahɔhɔ̃medɔléle si nɔa anyi ɖaa, si yia ŋgɔ, si ƒe dzesi enye protein tau ƒe ƒuƒoƒo le mɔ si mesɔ o nu.

Mlɔeba la, ɖo ŋku esia dzi.

CTE nye dɔléle sesẽ aɖe si ate ŋu atso ta ƒoƒo enuenu me. Ate ŋu axɔ ƒe geɖe hafi wòadze egɔme, eye enye dɔléle si gblẽa nu le ahɔhɔ̃a ŋu tegbee eye wògblẽna ɖe edzi le ɣeyiɣi aɖe megbe. Fifia la, atike aɖeke meli si woatsɔ adae o.

Ke hã, nanewo li míate ŋu awɔ atsɔ axe mɔ ɖe esia nu. Nu vevitɔ kekeakee nye be míakpɔ mía ɖokui ta tso ƒoƒo sesẽ siwo woƒona enuenu le ta me. Ele vevie ŋutɔ be nàzã ametakpɔnu eye nàwɔ ɖe dedienɔnɔ ŋuti ɖoɖowo dzi ne èle kamedefefe wɔm alo le nu siwo me afɔku le wɔm.

Wogale numekuku wɔm tso dɔléle sia ŋu kokoko. Le etsɔme la, woate ŋu ake ɖe nu geɖe ŋu tso alesi nɔnɔme sia dzɔnae ŋu, eye ɖewohĩ woate ŋu ake ɖe atike yeyewo gɔ̃ hã ŋu. Eya ta, mina mí katã míakpɔ nyuie be míakpɔ míaƒe ta ta.

` CTE, ahɔhɔ̃medɔlélewo, ta ƒe abixɔxɔ, ʋuʋudedi, tau protein, kamedefefe ƒe abixɔxɔ, ahɔhɔ̃medɔlélewo