Shin ka taɓa yin mamakin yawan aikin da ke faruwa a cikin jikinka, ba tare da ka sani ba? Ka yi tunani game da shi, zuciyarka tana bugawa, numfashinka, tuna fuskar da ka gani, motsa hannunka da ƙafafunka... Duk wannan ba ya faruwa a banza. Bayan duk wannan akwai ƙananan manzannin sinadarai. A yau, za mu yi magana game da ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan manzannin masu mahimmanci a jikinmu. Sunansa shine acetylcholine, ko (ACh) a takaice.
To wanene wannan acetylcholine (ACh)?
A taƙaice dai, acetylcholine (ACh) wani nau'in sinadarai ne da ake kira neurotransmitter. Ka yi tunaninsa kamar haɗin waya tsakanin kwakwalwarmu da sauran jikinmu. Don haka waɗannan (masu neurotransmitter) kamar 'manzanni' ne waɗanda ke ɗaukar saƙonni a kai da gaba a cikin wannan haɗin.
Acetylcholine wata na'urar motsa jiki ce mai motsa jijiyoyi. Wannan yana nufin wannan manzo yana zuwa ga ƙwayar jijiya ta gaba kuma ya "tashi," "yana ba shi kyakkyawan taimako," yana cewa, "To, yanzu lokacinka ne, kai wannan saƙon gaba."
Yana samo sunansa ne daga abubuwa guda biyu da aka yi shi da su. Yana da rukunin acetyl kuma wani sinadari ne da ake kira choline. Za mu iya samun wannan choline daga abinci. Ana samunsa a cikin abubuwa kamar gwaiduwa, waken soya, da kayan lambu da goro. Hanta kuma tana samar da shi.
Acetylcholine yana yin ayyuka masu mahimmanci a jikinmu. Yana da matuƙar muhimmanci musamman ga motsin tsoka na son rai . Hakanan yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a ayyukan kwakwalwa kamar ƙwaƙwalwa, tunani, da koyon sabbin abubuwa .
Ta yaya wannan yake samuwa a cikin jikinmu?
Muna da wani enzyme a jikinmu mai suna 'choline acetyltransferase'. Ka yi tunaninsa kamar mai dafa abinci. Wannan enzyme shine abin da ya haɗa choline da ƙungiyar acetyl don ƙirƙirar acetylcholine mai daɗi (ACh). Wannan tsari yana faruwa ne a ƙarshen ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi.
To, yanzu bari mu ga yadda wannan saƙon yake tafiya.
Bayan an samar da acetylcholine (ACh), ana adana shi a ƙarshen ƙwayar jijiya, kamar tarin haruffa a ofishin gidan waya. Wannan ACh da aka adana yana fitowa ne lokacin da saƙo ya iso daga kwakwalwa.
Sai wannan ACh ya yi tsalle zuwa cikin wani ƙaramin gibi tsakanin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi guda biyu. Wannan gibin ana kiransa da ƙwanƙolin synaptic. Ka yi tunaninsa kamar saƙo yana tsalle a kan kogi.
Kwayar jijiya da ke kusa da ita tana da wurare na musamman don kama wannan ACh mai shigowa. A takaice dai, kamar maɓalli ne da ya dace da maɓalli. Muna kiran waɗannan masu karɓa. Akwai manyan nau'ikan masu karɓa guda biyu don acetylcholine:
1. Masu karɓar Nicotinic
2. Masu karɓar ƙwayoyin cuta na muscarinic
Idan makullin ACh ya haɗu da ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan maɓallan Ibi guda biyu, saƙon zai shiga tantanin halitta na gaba. Ta wannan hanyar, saƙon zai ratsa daga tantanin halitta zuwa tantanin halitta kuma ya isa wurin da ya dace (misali, tsoka).
Bayan an isar da saƙon, akwai wanda zai share sauran ACh a cikin wannan gibin. Wannan wani enzyme ne da ake kira 'acetylcholinesterase.' Abin da wannan ke yi shi ne ya wargaza sauran ACh sannan ya mayar da shi sabbin abubuwa gaba ɗaya . Sannan za a iya sake amfani da waɗannan abubuwan don yin sabon ACh. Kamar share hanya ne bayan an isar da saƙon da kuma barin saƙon na gaba ya shigo.
Menene manyan abubuwan da acetylcholine (ACh) ke yi wa jikinmu?
Acetylcholine (ACh) yana da ayyuka iri-iri. Aikinsa ya bambanta dangane da mai karɓar da yake ɗaurewa. Bari mu dubi manyan ayyukansa.
| Nau'in Mai Rahusa | Babban Aiki |
|---|---|
| Lokacin da aka haɗa shi da masu karɓar muscarinic |
|
| Lokacin da aka haɗa shi da masu karɓar nicotinic |
|
Duk nau'ikan masu karɓa guda biyu suna da hannu a cikin komai , tun daga kiyaye tunaninmu, zuwa ƙirƙirar sabbin tunanin, adana su, da kuma tunawa da su . Hakanan suna da matuƙar muhimmanci a cikin kwakwalwa, don kulawarmu, shirye-shiryenmu na koyo, da kuma matakin barci mai zurfi da ake kira REM (Rapid Eye Movement).
Wadanne cututtuka ne za su iya faruwa idan aka rage wannan?
Ragewar matakin acetylcholine (ACh) a jikinmu na iya haifar da wasu manyan cututtuka. Manyan sune:
- Cutar Alzheimer: Wannan cuta ce da ke shafar ƙwaƙwalwa. An gano cewa mutanen da ke fama da cutar Alzheimer suna da ƙarancin sinadarin acetylcholine a cikin kwakwalwa.
- Myasthenia gravis: Wannan cuta ce ta garkuwar jiki. Wannan yana nufin cewa tsarin garkuwar jikinmu yana aiki a kanmu. Abin da ke faruwa a nan shi ne cewa ƙwayoyin rigakafi namu suna tafiya suna lalata masu karɓar acetylcholine (ACh) a cikin tsokoki. Sannan ACh ba zai iya aika saƙon ba, don haka tsokoki suna raunana a hankali.
- Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome: Wannan kuma yana haifar da raunin tsoka. Amma dalilin ya bambanta. Abin da ke faruwa a nan shi ne ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi ba sa fitar da isasshen ACh.
Wasu abubuwan da ke shafar acetylcholine (ACh)
Abin baƙin ciki, wasu sun yi amfani da ilimin yadda acetylcholine ke aiki don cutar da mutane.
Misali, iskar gas ta jijiyoyi kamar sarin da wasu magungunan kwari suna aiki ta hanyar dakatar da sinadarin enzyme mai share acetylcholinesterase da muka yi magana a kai a baya. Wannan yana bawa ACh damar taruwa, yana gurgunta tsokoki har ma yana haifar da mutuwa.
Haka kuma, idan aka ci gubar gizo-gizo ta black widow, tana haifar da ƙaruwar matakan ACh sosai. Wannan na iya haifar da matsanancin tari, girgiza, da gurgunta tsoka, har ma da mutuwa.
A cikin gaggawa kamar guba, mafi kyawun abin da za a yi shi ne a hanzarta zuwa sashin kula da gaggawa na asibiti (ETU) . Idan ya cancanta, likitoci za su tuntuɓi Cibiyar Ba da Bayani game da Guba ta Ƙasa a Asibitin Ƙasa na Colombo don neman shawara.
Akwai wasu magunguna da suka yi niyya ga wannan?
Eh. Ana amfani da magungunan da ke kai hari ga acetylcholine don magance wasu matsalolin lafiya.
Babban nau'in magunguna shine 'masu hana cholinesterase'. Waɗannan magunguna suna aiki ta hanyar toshe enzyme ɗin da ke wargaza ACh. Wannan yana ba ACh damar zama a cikin sararin da ke tsakanin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi na dogon lokaci, yana ƙara yawan aikinsa. Ana amfani da waɗannan magunguna (misali donepezil, rivastigmine) don magance yanayin da matakan ACh ke ƙasa, kamar cutar Alzheimer da myasthenia gravis .
Wani misali kuma shine gubar Botulinum , ko kuma kamar yadda muka sani, 'Botox'. Yana aiki ta hanyar toshe fitowar ACh daga ƙarshen jijiyoyi. Wannan yana sa tsokoki su sassauta maimakon su yi ƙunci. Ana amfani da shi don dalilai na kwalliya (don rage wrinkles) da kuma magance yanayi kamar migraines.
Za mu iya shan wannan a cikin ƙwayar magani? Za mu iya samunsa daga abinci?
Ba za a iya shan Acetylcholine (ACh) a matsayin magani ba. Duk da haka, ana iya shan sinadarin da ke taimakawa wajen yin sa, choline, a matsayin kari. Wasu magungunan ganye, kamar Ginkgo biloba, suma ana kyautata zaton suna shafar matakan ACh.
Amma ga wani abu da ya kamata ka tuna tabbas . Kada ka taɓa amfani da wani kari ba tare da fara tuntuɓar likitanka ko mai sayar da magunguna ba . Suna iya hulɗa da wasu magunguna da kake sha, ko kuma suna iya cutar da kai.
Amma za mu iya samun choline ta halitta daga abinci. Wasu daga cikin manyan abincin da ke ɗauke da shi sune:
- Hanta nama
- ƙwai
- Naman sa
- Waken soya, waken soya
- Kaza
- Kifin cod
- Quinoa
- Namomin kaza, broccoli
- Madara
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- Acetylcholine (ACh) muhimmin ma'aikacin sinadarai ne wanda ke sarrafa muhimman ayyuka kamar ƙwaƙwalwarmu, motsin tsoka, da bugun zuciya.
- Ƙananan matakan wannan na iya haifar da cututtuka masu tsanani kamar cutar Alzheimer da myasthenia gravis.
- Cin abinci mai kyau, musamman abincin da ke ɗauke da sinadarin choline, zai iya taimaka maka samun sinadaran gina jiki da jikinka ke buƙata.
- Kada ka taɓa shan kari don inganta ƙwaƙwalwa ko kuma saboda wani dalili ba tare da shawarar likita ba. Kullum ka yi magana da likitanka.
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