Shin ka san waɗannan abubuwa game da hanyoyin iskarka?

Duk muna numfashi koyaushe, ko ba haka ba? Amma kun taɓa yin tunani kaɗan game da yadda wannan numfashin ke shiga jikinmu, yadda yake fitowa kuma, da kuma hanyoyin da yake bi? Kamar yadda akwai hanyoyi ga motoci, akwai tsarin hanyoyi na musamman a jikinmu don iskar da muke shaka ta shiga jikinmu ta sake fitowa. Waɗannan hanyoyi sune abin da muke kira 'airways' ko kuma a Turanci `(airways)`. Waɗannan muhimman sassa ne na tsarin numfashinmu.

To menene waɗannan hanyoyin iska?

A taƙaice dai, hanyoyin iskar ku su ne bututu, ko hanyoyin da ke barin iska ta shiga ta bar huhun ku. Ku yi tunanin su a matsayin hanyoyin da jiragen sama za su sauka su tashi. Waɗannan hanyoyin su ne inda iska mai wadataccen iskar oxygen ke shiga huhun ku, kuma ana fitar da carbon dioxide (CO2), wani sharar da ke taruwa a cikin huhu, daga jikin ku.

An raba waɗannan hanyoyin iska zuwa manyan sassa biyu:

1. Babban Jirgin Sama: Waɗannan suna kewaye da fuskarka, kai, da wuyanka. Suna kama da bene na sama na gida. Sun haɗa da:

• Kofofin hanci
• Kofofin sinus (`sinuses`)
• Sashen sama na makogwaro (pharynx)
• Akwatin murya (maƙogwaro)

Waɗannan sassan ne inda ake ɗaukar iska zuwa jiki daga muhallin waje.

2. Lower Airways: Waɗannan suna cikin ƙasan wuyanka da ƙirjinka. Suna da alaƙa kai tsaye da huhu. Waɗannan sun haɗa da:

• Trachea (wanda kuma ake kira bronchi )
• Manyan hanyoyin iska ('bronchi' - waɗannan su ne manyan bututu guda biyu da ke raba trachea zuwa biyu)
• Ƙananan hanyoyin iska ('bronchioles' - waɗannan manyan bututun da ke tsirowa zuwa ƙananan hanyoyi)

Wane irin hidima ne hanyoyin iska ke yi mana a zahiri?

Babban abu shine a zama hanyar shiga iska. Amma, ban da haka, waɗannan hanyoyin iska suna yin aiki mai matuƙar muhimmanci.

• Kula da Zafin Jiki da Danshi: Ka yi tunanin kana numfashi a ranar sanyi. Ba shi da kyau idan wannan iskar sanyi ta tafi kai tsaye zuwa huhunka. Don haka, waɗannan hanyoyin iska suna dumama wannan iskar don ta dace da zafin jikinka. Haka kuma, idan iskar ta bushe, suna ƙara mata danshi da ake buƙata.

• Cire Majina da Kariya: Akwai miliyoyin ƙananan gashi a cikin hanyoyin iskarmu. Waɗannan ana kiransu cilia. Suna kama da ƙananan tsintsiya. A cikin hanyoyin numfashi na sama, waɗannan suna hana abubuwa masu cutarwa kamar ƙura da ƙwayoyin cuta shiga. A cikin ƙananan hanyoyin numfashi, wani abu da ake kira majina yana kama waɗannan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Sannan, majina yana motsawa sama kamar igiyar ruwa yana tura wannan majina zuwa makogwaro. Wannan tsari ana kiransa majina mai fitar da majina. Sannan, idan muka yi tari ko atishawa, wannan majina da waɗannan abubuwa masu cutarwa ana fitar da su daga jiki. Kodayake yawan samar da majina na iya zama kamar abin damuwa, a zahiri hanya ce ga jikinmu don kare kansa.

• Taimakawa wajen magana da ƙamshi: Shin ka san yadda kake magana? Idan ka fitar da iska, iska tana ratsa hanyoyin muryar da ke cikin akwatin muryarka (maƙogwaro) kuma suna yin rawar jiki, suna haifar da sauti. Hakazalika, idan ka shaƙa, ƙwayoyin ƙamshi da ke zuwa da iska suna buga wata jijiya ta musamman a saman hancinka (jijiyar ƙamshi), kuma wannan saƙon yana zuwa ga kwakwalwarka, yana gaya maka, "Ah... wannan yana da ƙamshi kamar fure."

Bari mu san ainihin manyan sassan hanyar iska.

Mun yi magana kaɗan game da abin da ke sama. Yanzu bari mu kalli yadda wannan hanyar take, daga hanci zuwa ƙananan jakar iska (alveoli) a cikin huhu.

• Kogon hanci (cikin hanci)
• Sinus (ƙone-ƙone a cikin kwanyar da ke kewaye da hanci)
• Makogwaro (pharynx)
• Larynx (akwatin murya)
• Bututun iska (trachea)
• Babban bronchi ('Bronchi') (manyan bututu guda biyu da ke raba trachea)
• Bronchioles (ƙananan bututu waɗanda suka rabu zuwa ƙanana)

Waɗannan ƙananan hanyoyin iska a ƙarshe suna haɗuwa da ƙananan jakar iska (alveoli) da ke cikin huhu, waɗanda suke kamar tarin inabi. A nan ne ake musayar iskar oxygen da carbon dioxide.

Wadanne cututtuka ne suka fi shafar hanyoyin iska?

Abin takaici, akwai cututtuka iri-iri da ke shafar wannan muhimmin tsari. Ana iya raba su zuwa manyan nau'i uku.

1. Yanayi na yau da kullun

Waɗannan ba cututtuka ba ne da ke tasowa kwatsam kuma suna ƙaruwa, amma yanayi ne da ke daɗewa, wataƙila ma har tsawon rayuwa.

• Asma: Wannan yanayi ne da hanyoyin iska ke kumbura da kuma kunci, wanda hakan ke sa numfashi ya yi wahala. Wasu mutane suna jin matsewa a ƙirjinsu idan suka yi atishawa.
• Ciwon huhu: Wannan shine lokacin da bangon hanyoyin iska suka yi rauni suka kumbura. Wannan yana sa fitar da majina da wahala kuma yana iya haifar da kamuwa da cuta.
• Cutar toshewar huhu ta yau da kullun (COPD): Wannan cuta ce ta huhu mai ɗorewa wadda galibi ke faruwa a cikin masu shan taba. Tana haifar da lalacewar huhu na dogon lokaci kuma tana sa numfashi ya yi wahala.
• Ciwon Fibrosis na Hanta: Wannan cuta ce ta kwayoyin halitta wadda ke fitar da ruwa daga jiki, musamman majina, ta yi kauri ta kuma toshe hanyoyin iska.

2. Kumburin hanyoyin numfashi

Kumburi kawai kumburi ne. Waɗannan hanyoyin iska na iya kumbura saboda dalilai daban-daban.

• Cututtuka: Cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta ko na bakteriya kamar mura, mura, ciwon huhu, da COVID-19 na iya sa hanyoyin iska su kumbura.
• Rashin Lafiyar Jiki: Rashin lafiyan abubuwa kamar ƙura, ƙura, da wasu abinci na iya haifar da kumburin hanyoyin iska.

Sunan cutar ya bambanta dangane da inda wannan kumburi yake:

• Idan manyan hanyoyin iska suka yi kumburi: Bronchitis
• Idan ƙananan hanyoyin iska suka kumbura (sau da yawa a cikin yara ƙanana): Bronchiolitis
• Idan ramukan sinus suka kumbura: sinusitis

3. Toshewar hanyoyin iska (Toshewar hanyoyin iska)

Wani lokaci hanyoyin iska na iya toshewa saboda wani abu.

• Abubuwan da ba na ƙasashen waje ba: Yara ƙanana, musamman ma, suna iya samun guntun kayan wasa, goro, da abinci kamar wake a manne a hancinsu da makogwaronsu.
• Girman da ba shi da kyau: Wani lokaci girma mara cutar kansa na iya samuwa a cikin hanyoyin iska kuma ya toshe hanyar.
• Ciwon daji: Abubuwa kamar ciwon huhu na iya toshe hanyoyin iska.
• Ragewar hanyar iska ('Stenosis'): Saboda wani dalili, wani ɓangare na hanyar iska na iya zama kunkuntar da matsewa.
• Maganin toshewar numfashi a lokacin barci (OSA): Wannan shine yanayin da mutane da yawa ke kira "mincewa." Nau'in nama mai laushi a bayan makogwaro yana faɗuwa yayin barci, yana toshe hanyar iska.

Mene ne alamomin cututtukan numfashi da aka saba gani?

Idan kana da waɗannan alamun, yana iya zama saboda matsalar numfashi:

• Cikowar hanci, da kuma fitar da ruwa daga hanci.
• Sauti marasa kyau yayin numfashi. Misali, akwai sautin busa (`wheezing`) ko kuma sautin mai zafi (`stridor`) .
• Wahalar numfashi (dyspnea) - jin ƙarancin numfashi da kuma jin matsewar ƙirji ko da lokacin hawa matakala kaɗan.
• Barci mai yawa da rana (musamman ga waɗanda ke fama da OSA).
• Tari akai-akai, wani lokacin tare da fitsari.

Muhimmi: Idan kana da irin waɗannan alamu, ya fi kyau ka ga likita ka nemi shawara.

Waɗanne gwaje-gwaje likitoci ke yi don gano waɗannan yanayi?

Likita zai iya yin odar gwaje-gwaje daban-daban dangane da alamun cutar:

• Endoscopy: Hanya ce da ake amfani da siririn bututu (scope) mai kyamara a haɗe da ita don duba cikin hanyoyin iska. Idan ta duba ta hanci, ana kiranta da endoscopy na hanci, idan kuma ta duba cikin trachea da bronchi, ana kiranta da bronchoscopy.
• Gwaje-gwajen aikin huhu: Waɗannan gwaje-gwaje ne da ke auna abubuwa kamar yadda kake numfashi da kuma ƙarfin huhunka.
• Gwaji mai sauƙi wanda ke auna matakin iskar oxygen a cikin jini ta hanyar sanya ƙaramin abin rufe fuska a yatsa.
• Ra'ayoyin ƙirji da kuma hotunan CT: Waɗannan na iya ɗaukar hotuna masu kyau na hanyoyin iska da huhu don gano matsaloli.
• Nazarin barci: Ana yin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen ne don tantance ko kuna da apnea na barci (OSA).

Menene maganin cututtukan numfashi?

Hanyoyin magani sun bambanta dangane da cutar da tsananinta.

• Nau'ikan magunguna:
• Rage kumburi da kuma buɗe hanyoyin iska: Ana yin wannan sau da yawa ta amfani da (inhaler) (misali, "corticosteroids da aka shaƙa", "bronchodilators").
• Don kamuwa da cuta: Ana ba da magunguna kamar "maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta" don kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta, "maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta" don kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta, da kuma "maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta" don kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar fungal.
• Domin rage kumburin da alerji ke haifarwa, akwai magunguna kamar "Maganin Hana ...

• Idan hanyar iska ta toshe ko kuma ba za ka iya numfashi ba:
• Tiyata: Idan wani abu kamar ƙari ya toshe hanyar, za a buƙaci a cire ta ta hanyar tiyata.
• Intubation: Idan akwai matsala ta numfashi mai tsanani, ana saka bututu (bututun endotracheal) ta baki ko hanci, kuma wani lokacin ana amfani da injin (na'urar sanya iska ta injina / na'urar numfashi) don samar da numfashi.
• Tracheostomy (ko tracheotomy): Hanya ce da ake yin ƙaramin buɗewa a gaban wuya zuwa cikin bututun iska (trachea) don ba da damar numfashi. Wannan na iya zama na ɗan lokaci ko na dindindin.

• Ga mutanen da ke fama da matsalar numfashi ta hanyar barci (OSA): Ana amfani da na'urar da ake kira na'urar CPAP da daddare yayin da kake barci. Wannan yana amfani da matsin lamba na iska don kiyaye hanyar iska a buɗe.

Ta yaya zan kiyaye lafiyar hanyoyin iska ta?

"Rigakafi ya fi magani," in ji su. Don haka, akwai abubuwa da dama da za mu iya yi don kiyaye lafiyar hanyoyin numfashinmu.

• A guji shan taba da shan taba: Wannan shine mafi mahimmanci. Sinadaran da ke cikin sigari da kayayyakin shan taba na iya haifar da mummunar illa ga hanyoyin iska da huhu. Idan kun riga kuna da matsalolin numfashi, shan taba na iya ƙara ta'azzara su.
• Guji hayaki da iskar gas masu cutarwa: Guji shaƙar abubuwa kamar hayakin da aka yi amfani da shi, hayakin sinadarai, hayakin abin hawa, da kuma radon (iskar rediyoaktif mai haifar da cutar kansa). Idan aikinka ko sha'awarka ta fallasa ka ga ƙura ko hayaki, tabbatar da sanya abin rufe fuska.
• Sha ruwa mai yawa: Shan isasshen ruwa a duk tsawon yini yana taimakawa wajen rage majina a cikin hanyar numfashi da kuma taimakawa wajen fitar da shi daga jiki cikin sauƙi.
• Kare kanka daga kamuwa da cututtuka: A riƙa wanke hannuwa akai-akai da sabulu da ruwa. A rufe bakinka da hanci da tissue idan kana atishawa ko tari. A yi duk wata allurar rigakafi da ta dace kamar yadda likitanka ya umarta.
• Motsa Jiki Don Tsaftace Hanyoyin Iska: Wasu mutane, musamman waɗanda ke da cututtuka kamar COPD ko Bronchiectasis, suna da wahalar cire majina. Akwai dabaru na musamman a gare su, kamar tari mai zafi da kuma maganin ƙirji. Tambayi likitanka game da waɗannan.

Saƙon Ƙarshe na Ɗauka Gida

Wataƙila yanzu kun fahimci cewa hanyoyin iska, ko hanyoyin numfashi, ba ƙananan bututu ba ne kawai. Wannan hidima ce da suke yi wa jikinmu! Ba tare da mun sani ba, suna kare jikinmu daga ƙwayoyin cuta, suna taimaka mana mu yi magana, kuma suna taimaka mana mu ji ƙamshin furanni masu kyau.

Don haka, yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a gare mu duka mu kula da irin wannan tsari mai mahimmanci. Mafi kyawun abubuwan da za mu iya yi su ne mu guji shan taba gaba ɗaya, mu guji shaƙar hayaki mai cutarwa, mu sha ruwa mai yawa, sannan mu ɗauki matakan da suka dace don kare kanmu daga cututtuka . Ku kula da lafiyar numfashinku!

` Hanyar numfashi, Jirgin sama, numfashi, huhu, majina, asma, cututtukan numfashi