Ƙara koyo game da Ciwon Hanta Mai Tsami, wata cuta ta jini da ke lalata jini a cikin jikin mutum.

Shin kana jin gajiya a kowane lokaci? Kana jin jiri ko da bayan ka yi tafiya na ɗan lokaci? Shin fatar jikinka tana canza launi ta yi kama da rawaya? Waɗannan na iya zama alamun cutar rashin jini da aka saba gani. Amma wani lokacin akwai wani labari mai rikitarwa a bayansa. Wannan yanayi ne da ba kasafai ake samunsa ba inda tsarin tsaron jikinka ke fara yaƙi da ƙwayoyin jininka. Wannan shine abin da muke magana a kai a yau.

Menene Ciwon Hakora Mai Tsanani na Autoimmune (AIHA)?

A taƙaice dai, Ciwon Jini Mai Tsanani na Autoimmune Hemolytic (AIHA) yanayi ne da garkuwar jikinmu ke kai hari da lalata ƙwayoyin jininmu masu lafiya cikin kuskure.

Ka yi tunani a kai, ƙwayoyin jininmu jajaye ƙanana ne da ke ɗauke da iskar oxygen a cikin jiki. Ana samar da su ne a masana'antar da ake kira ƙashi a cikin ƙasusuwanmu. A matsakaici, ƙwayar jinin ja tana rayuwa na kimanin kwanaki 120.

Amma a cikin mutumin da ke da AIHA, tsarin garkuwar jiki, wanda yake kama da tsarin kariya na jiki, yana ganin waɗannan ƙwayoyin jinin ja a matsayin ƙwayoyin maƙiya. Sannan, waɗannan tsarin kariya, wato, ƙwayoyin rigakafi, suna kamawa da lalata waɗannan ƙwayoyin jinin ja. Yawan wannan halakar yana da sauri fiye da yadda ɓargon ƙashi zai iya samar da sabbin ƙwayoyin jinin ja. Wani lokaci, ƙwayar da ake tsammanin za ta rayu na tsawon kwanaki 120 tana lalacewa cikin 'yan kwanaki kaɗan. Don haka, jiki ba ya samun isasshen iskar oxygen kuma alamu kamar gajiya da rauni suna fara bayyana.

Waɗanne manyan nau'ikan AIHA ne?

AIHA galibi an raba ta zuwa nau'i biyu, ya danganta da yadda jiki ke amsawa ga zafin jiki.

• Ciwon Hakora Mai Dumi a Jikin Kai: Wannan shine nau'in da aka fi sani. A cikin wannan, tsarin garkuwar jiki yana lalata ƙwayoyin jinin ja a yanayin zafin jiki ko sama da na al'ada. Wannan yana faruwa ne ta hanyar wani nau'in rigakafi na musamman da ake kira IgG.
• Ciwon Sanyi Mai Rage Jini Mai Sauƙi (Cutar Sanyi ta Agglutinin - CAD): Wannan nau'in cuta ne da ba kasafai ake samunsa ba. A cikin wannan, ƙwayoyin jinin ja suna lalacewa lokacin da jiki ya kamu da sanyi. Yawanci a yanayin zafi ƙasa da digiri 3-4 na Celsius. Wannan yana faruwa ne ta hanyar wani nau'in antibody mai suna IgM.

Mene ne alamun wannan cuta?

Yawancin alamomin cutar AIHA suna kama da na cutar karancin jini. Wasu mutane ba sa nuna wata alama kwata-kwata.

Me ke haifar da AIHA?

Wani lokaci ba za a iya samun takamaiman dalili ba. Muna kiran wannan da Babban AIHA. Amma sau da yawa ana iya haifar da shi ta hanyar wani yanayi na lafiya ko magani (AIHA ta biyu).

Akwai manyan dalilai da dama:

• Sauran cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da garkuwar jiki: Mutane masu fama da wasu cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da garkuwar jiki, kamar lupus, suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar AIHA.
• Wasu nau'ikan ciwon daji: musamman cututtukan daji da suka shafi jini kamar (Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia) da (Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma) .
• Cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta: Cututtuka kamar ƙwayar cutar Epstein-Barr (ƙwayar da ke haifar da mononucleosis, wanda yake kama da mura), Cytomegalovirus , HIV , da kuma ciwon huhu na Mycoplasma .
• Wasu magunguna: Wasu magungunan rigakafi (misali, penicillin) da sauran magunguna suma suna iya haifar da wannan yanayin. Saboda haka, yana da matukar muhimmanci a gaya wa likitanka game da duk magungunan da kake sha.

Ta yaya za ku san idan kuna da AIHA?

Idan kana da waɗannan alamomin, ka tabbata ka ga likitanka . Zai tambaye ka game da alamominka, magungunan da kake sha, sannan ya duba ka. Idan ya cancanta, za su tura ka zuwa ga likitan jini.

Ana yin gwaje-gwajen jini da dama musamman don tabbatar da AIHA.

• Cikakken Kididdigar Jini (CBC): Wannan yana duba adadin ƙwayoyin jinin ku na ja, ƙwayoyin jinin farin jini, da kuma ƙwayoyin platelet. Ƙarancin adadin ƙwayoyin jinin ja alama ce ta rashin jini.
• Tabon Jini: Ana duba samfurin jini ta hanyar amfani da na'urar hangen nesa (microscope) don ganin siffar ƙwayoyin jinin ja da kuma ko sun lalace.
• Adadin Reticulocyte: Wannan yana auna adadin ƙwayoyin jinin ja da ba su kai ba da ke samar da ƙashi. Idan wannan adadin ya yi yawa, yana nufin cewa ƙashi yana aiki tuƙuru don ƙirƙirar sabbin ƙwayoyin halitta don maye gurbin waɗanda ake lalatawa.
• Gwajin Coombs: Wannan ita ce mafi mahimmancin gwaji don gano cutar AIHA. Yana iya tantance ko jikinka yana samar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi don yaƙar jajayen ƙwayoyin jini.
• Sauran gwaje-gwaje: Bugu da ƙari, ana iya yin gwaje-gwaje kamar Bilirubin da Haptoglobin.

Menene hanyoyin magance AIHA?

Idan yanayin lafiyarka bai yi tsanani ba, ƙila ba za ka buƙaci magani ba. Duk da haka, ya kamata ka kasance ƙarƙashin kulawar likita akai-akai. Idan akwai alamun cutar ko kuma idan rashin jinin ya yi tsanani, za a fara magani.

• Maganin Steroids: Maganin Steroids, kamar prednisolone, su ne maganin farko. Waɗannan suna danne tsarin garkuwar jiki mai aiki fiye da kima kuma suna dakatar da lalata ƙwayoyin jinin ja.
• Sauran magunguna da ke sarrafa tsarin garkuwar jiki (Immunosuppressants): Idan cutar ba ta mayar da martani ga steroids ba, ana amfani da magunguna kamar Rituximab da Azathioprine.
• Gyaran ƙashi: A lokuta inda magani ba shi da tasiri, musamman a cikin AIHA mai ɗumi, sai a cire saifa, wanda shine wurin da yawancin ƙwayoyin jinin ja ke lalacewa, ta hanyar tiyata.
• Zubar da Jini: Idan jinin da ke cikin jinin yana da tsanani kuma yana barazana ga rayuwa, ana iya buƙatar ƙarin jini.
• Bitamin da kari na abinci mai gina jiki: Likitanka zai iya ba da shawarar abubuwa kamar folic acid, wanda ake buƙata don samar da ƙwayoyin jinin ja. Kada ka taɓa shan wani bitamin ba tare da tuntuɓar likitanka ba.

Shawara ta musamman ga waɗanda ke fama da mura AIHA

Idan kana da nau'in da ke da saurin kamuwa da sanyi, yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ka kare kanka daga sanyi .

• Sanya safar hannu yayin fitar da abubuwa daga firiji ko injin daskarewa.
• Idan za a fita a ranakun sanyi, a yi ado mai kyau, a saka hula, a kuma yi amfani da abin rufe fuska.
• Kada a rage AC sosai a gida.
• Kafin shiga motar a ranar sanyi, a kunna ta na ɗan lokaci sannan a bar ta ta yi zafi a cikin motar.

Wadanne matsaloli ne za su iya faruwa idan ba a yi maganinsu ba?

Idan ba a shawo kan AIHA ba, matsaloli masu tsanani na iya faruwa.

• Kumburin Jini: Akwai babban haɗarin kamuwa da kumburin jini, musamman a ƙafafu da huhu. Kumburin jini a cikin huhu (Pulmonary Embolism) na iya zama barazana ga rayuwa.
• Ciwon zuciya: Rashin jini na dogon lokaci zai iya raunana zuciya domin dole ne zuciya ta yi aiki tukuru.
• Lalacewar koda: Lalacewar ƙwayoyin jinin ja da yawa na iya haifar da lalacewar koda.