Za mu yi magana game da cututtukan kwakwalwa? Shin kun sani?

Shin kun taɓa yin mamakin irin aikin da kwakwalwarmu take yi, wanda zai iya zama kamar ƙarami a kallon farko? Wannan gabar jiki mai ban mamaki tana sarrafa duk abin da muke tunani, yi, da ji. Amma wani lokacin, kwakwalwa kuma tana iya kamuwa da cututtuka daban-daban. A yau, za mu yi magana game da irin waɗannan cututtuka da ke shafar kwakwalwa, ko (Cututtukan Kwakwalwa) . Yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a san da wannan, domin a lokacin za mu iya gano waɗannan yanayi cikin sauri kuma mu sami shawarar likita da ta dace.

A taƙaice dai, kwakwalwa kamar babbar cibiyar kula da jikinmu ce. Ba wai kawai ci gabanmu da ci gabanmu ba, har ma da dukkan ayyukan jiki kwakwalwa ce ke tsara su. Duk abin da kake tunani, duk abin da kake ji, duk abin da kake yi yana farawa daga nan. Kwakwalwa wani ɓangare ne na tsarin jijiyoyinmu . Kamar uwa ce ta kwamfuta. Ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa ta jijiyoyi ne ake kai bayanai game da jikinmu da duniyar waje zuwa kwakwalwa da kashin baya . Kwakwalwa tana sarrafa waɗannan sigina kuma tana aika amsoshin ta hanyar kashin baya tare da jijiyoyi. Don haka, akwai cututtuka da yawa da ke shafar wannan kwakwalwa. Waɗannan na iya canza halayen mutum, halayensa, ikon fahimtar bayanai, da ikon yin ayyukan yau da kullun.

Waɗanne nau'ikan cututtukan kwakwalwa ne?

Akwai ɗaruruwan nau'ikan cututtukan kwakwalwa daban-daban. Wasu ba kasafai suke faruwa ba. Amma bari mu yi magana game da wasu manyan rukunan da ya kamata mu sani.

Cututtukan Kwakwalwa na Autoimmune

Wannan yana kama da ɗan abin mamaki, ko ba haka ba? Garkuwar jiki , a takaice, tana faruwa ne lokacin da tsarin tsaron jikinmu, wato sojojin da ake tsammanin za su kare mu daga cututtuka, suka kai hari ga sassan kwakwalwarmu . Suna tsammanin maƙiyi ne daga waje.

• Kyakkyawan misali na wannan shine Multiple Sclerosis (MS) . Kamar yadda wayar lantarki ke da murfin filastik a kanta, ƙwayoyin jijiyoyinmu suma suna da murfin kariya. A cikin MS, wannan murfin yana lalacewa a cikin jijiyoyi a cikin kwakwalwa, kashin baya, da idanu.
• Akwai kuma wasu cututtukan kwakwalwa masu kama da na MS, amma ba su da yawa.
• Wasu cututtuka, kamar su ciwon kwakwalwa na autoimmune encephalitis, na iya haifar da kumburi a kwakwalwa, wanda ke haifar da rashin tunawa da kuma girgiza gaɓoɓi ba tare da son rai ba.

Farfadiya

Farfadiya , ko kuma kamar yadda wasu mutane ke kira, 'samun suma', yanayi ne na sake kamuwa da farfadiya . Farfadiya kamar guguwar lantarki ce a kwakwalwa.

• Wannan yawanci ya ƙunshi rashin sani da motsin jiki mara iko.(ƙararrawa).
• Amma wasu farfadiya ba su da tsanani kamar haka. Suna iya zama ɗan duhu, ko kuma suna iya haɗawa da motsi mara tsari na wani ɓangare na jiki.

Cututtuka

Cututtuka suna faruwa ne lokacin da nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban, kamar ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta, suka shiga kwakwalwarmu ko kuma membranes masu kariya da ke kewaye da kwakwalwa.

• Ciwon sankarau cuta ce da ke shafar membranes masu kariya da ke kewaye da kwakwalwa. Sau da yawa tana haifar da alamu kamar ciwon kai, ruɗani , da kuma taurin wuya.
• A wasu lokutan, ana buƙatar famfo na kashin baya don tantance ainihin wace ƙwayar cuta ce ke haifar da kamuwa da cuta. Sai bayan haka ne kawai za a iya ba da magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta da suka dace.

Ciwon Hankali

Matsalolin tunani, ɗabi'a, da kuma motsin rai na iya rage jin daɗin rayuwa da kuma ikon yin ayyukan yau da kullum. Manyan nau'ikan waɗannan sune:

• Damuwa
• Ciwon Bipolar
• Damuwa
• Matsalar Damuwa Bayan Tashin Hankali (PTSD)
Schizophrenia

Ka yi tunanin cewa kwakwalwarka kamar kwamfuta take, kuma hankalinka kamar manhajar da ke aiki a kanta yake. A wata ma'anar, hankalinka shine 'tsarin aiki' na kwakwalwarka. Masana tabin hankali da masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam suna kama da masu shirye-shiryen kwamfuta waɗanda ke gano dalilin da yasa wannan manhajar ba ta aiki yadda ya kamata kuma tana haifar da matsaloli.

Sau da yawa, magani ya ƙunshi magani da kuma maganin magana. Wasu mutane suna shakkar ganin ƙwararren likitan lafiyar kwakwalwa . Amma ba lallai ba ne hakan ya faru. Ciwon tabin hankali yana shafar mutum ɗaya cikin manya biyar, don haka yana da mahimmanci a bayyana a fili a nemi taimako.

Cututtukan Kwakwalwa Masu Rage Jini

Sau da yawa waɗannan cututtuka suna faruwa ne sakamakon rashin isasshen furotin a cikin kwakwalwa. A taƙaice dai, ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa suna lalacewa a hankali. Waɗannan suna ƙaruwa a hankali. Wannan rukuni ya haɗa da:

• Cutar Alzheimer
• Cutar Parkinson
• Ana gadon cututtuka da yawa kamar ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) .

Waɗannan sau da yawa suna faruwa a hankali kuma suna ƙara muni akan lokaci. Suna iya shafar tunani, ƙwaƙwalwa, motsi, ko haɗuwa da waɗannan. Sun fi yawa a cikin tsofaffi. Wasu daga cikinsu gado ne.

Matsalolin Ci gaban Jijiyoyi

Waɗannan matsalolin suna shafar girma da ci gaban kwakwalwa, musamman a lokacin ƙuruciya. Yawancin lokaci likitocin jijiyoyi na yara ne ke yi musu magani. Wani lokaci likitan kwayoyin halitta na iya tantance ko gado ne. Idan haka ne, za su iya ba da shawara ga iyali. Akwai nau'ikan cututtukan ci gaban jijiyoyi da yawa, ciki har da:

• Ciwon Hawan Hankali da Rashin Hankali (ADHD)
• Ciwon Bambance-bambancen Autism
• Dyslexia ( matsalolin karatu)

bugun jini

Shanyewar jiki, ko kuma 'shanyewar jiki' kamar yadda wasu ke kira, yana faruwa ne lokacin da jijiyoyin jini da ke ba wa kwakwalwa abinci mai gina jiki suka toshe, ko kuma ba kasafai suke fashewa ba. Duk da haka, tasirin yana faruwa nan take. Shanyewar jiki yana lalata wani ɓangare na kwakwalwa. Wannan na iya haifar da matsaloli game da magana, fahimta, gani, ƙarfi, jin daɗi, ko daidaitawa. Idan kwakwalwa ta lalace sosai sakamakon bugun jini ɗaya ko fiye, hakan na iya haifar da tabin hankali, wata cuta da ke haifar da asarar ƙwaƙwalwa . Wani lokaci, bugun jini na iya haifar da farfadiya.

Raunin Kwakwalwa Mai Rauni

Wannan rukuni ya haɗa da abubuwa daga ƙananan raunuka kamar bugun zuciya zuwa manyan raunukan kwakwalwa kamar raunin harbin bindiga. Raunin kwakwalwa na iya faruwa sakamakon faɗuwa, haɗarin mota, haɗarin wasanni, ko tashin hankali na gida (gami da cin zarafin yara). Buga kai akai-akai na iya haifar da tabo a cikin kwakwalwa, wanda ke haifar da wata cuta da ake kira chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) . Likitocin jijiyoyin jiki suna kula da raunuka da zubar jini a cikin kwakwalwa. Masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, likitocin tabin hankali, da masu ba da shawara kan magana suna taimakawa wajen magance matsalolin ɗabi'a da tunani da ke tasowa bayan raunin kwakwalwa. Masana ilimin jijiyoyi kuma suna kula da mutanen da suka ji rauni.

Ciwon Kwakwalwa

Ciwon daji da ke tasowa a wasu sassan jiki, kamar huhu, nono, ko hanji, na iya yaɗuwa zuwa kwakwalwa su samar da ƙari. Ko kuma, waɗannan ƙari na iya samuwa a cikin ƙwayar kwakwalwa kanta ko kuma a cikin murfin kwakwalwa.

• Ba kamar ciwace-ciwacen da ke yaɗuwa daga wasu sassan jiki ba, ciwace-ciwacen da ke samuwa a cikin kwakwalwa ko a cikin meninges ana ɗaukar su marasa lahani, ma'ana marasa lahani , idan suka girma kwatsam kuma ba sa lalata kyallen kwakwalwa da ke kewaye.
• Amma idan suka girma da sauri suka mamaye kyallen kwakwalwa da ke kewaye, ana ɗaukar su a matsayin masu cutarwa, ma'ana su ne ciwace-ciwacen daji masu tsanani .
• Astrocytoma wani ciwon daji ne da ya zama ruwan dare gama gari wanda ke tasowa a cikin kwakwalwa. Meningioma wani ciwon daji ne da ya zama ruwan dare gama gari wanda ke tasowa a cikin murfin kwakwalwa.

Yaya wannan cutar kwakwalwa ta yaɗu?

Cututtukan kwakwalwa suna shafar mutane da yawa. Amma yawan kowace cuta ya bambanta daga mutum zuwa mutum. Misali, idan ka duba kididdigar da ke Amurka:

• Cutar Alzheimer tana shafar mutane sama da miliyan 6.
• Ciwon Autism yana shafar kusan yara 1 cikin 44.
• Ciwon kwakwalwa da sauran cututtukan daji na tsarin jijiyoyi ba su da yawa sosai, wanda ya kai kusan kashi 1.3% na dukkan cututtukan daji.
• Farfadiya tana shafar kashi 1.2% na al'ummar ƙasar. Wannan ya kai kimanin manya miliyan 3 da yara 470,000.
• Cutar sankarau yanzu ba ta yaɗu sosai ba saboda allurar riga-kafi. An samu rahoton kamuwa da cutar guda 371 kacal a shekarar 2019.
• Ciwon tabin hankali ya zama ruwan dare, yana shafar mutum ɗaya cikin biyar na manya.
• Kusan mutane miliyan ɗaya suna rayuwa da cutar sclerosis mai yawa .
• Shanyewar jiki (stroke) na faruwa a kusan mutane 800,000 kowace shekara.
• An kwantar da sama da mutane 220,000 a asibiti a shekarar 2018 sakamakon raunukan kwakwalwa da suka samu .

Mene ne musabbabin cututtukan kwakwalwa?

Akwai dalilai da dama da suka haɗa da haɗarin da ke haifar da ci gaban cututtukan kwakwalwa:

• Guba da radiation a muhalli: Shakar sinadarai masu guba da radiation na dogon lokaci na iya ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da wasu cututtuka, kamar ciwace-ciwacen kwakwalwa.
• Kwayoyin Halitta: Wasu kwayoyin halitta da sauye-sauyen kwayoyin halitta na iya haifar ko ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan kwakwalwa da yawa. Masu bincike sun gano kwayoyin halitta da ke da alaƙa da ciwace-ciwacen kwakwalwa, farfadiya, cututtukan da ke haifar da jijiyoyin jini, matsalolin ci gaban jijiyoyi, da cututtukan kwakwalwa. Kwayoyin halittar da ke haifar da waɗannan cututtuka ana iya gado su ko kuma su iya faruwa ba zato ba tsammani.
• Aikin garkuwar jiki: Cututtukan kwakwalwa masu sarrafa garkuwar jiki suna faruwa ne lokacin da garkuwar jikinmu ke kai hari ga ƙwayoyin jikinmu.
• Cututtuka: Halittu kamar ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta na iya haifar da cututtukan kwakwalwa kamar meningitis.
• Raunuka: Haɗuwa da raunuka su ne suka fi yawan haifar da raunuka a kwakwalwa. Raunin kwakwalwa kuma na iya ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da wasu cututtukan kwakwalwa, kamar farfadiya da cutar Alzheimer.
• Zaɓuɓɓukan salon rayuwa marasa kyau: An gano cewa abubuwa kamar rashin cin abinci mai kyau, rashin motsa jiki, shan taba, da shan barasa suna da alaƙa da bugun jini da cutar Alzheimer.

Likitoci har yanzu ba su da tabbas kan dalilin da yasa wasu nau'ikan cututtukan kwakwalwa ke tasowa. Misali, kusan kashi 60% na cututtukan farfadiya ba su da wani dalili da aka sani (idiopathic). Masu bincike suna ci gaba da nazarin waɗannan matsalolin kwakwalwa don nemo dalilai da magunguna.

Menene alamun cututtukan kwakwalwa?

Kamar yadda kuka sani, kwakwalwa tana sarrafa kowace aiki a jikinmu. Don haka idan kwakwalwa ta ji rauni ko kuma ta kamu da rashin lafiya, kowace aiki za ta iya shafar ta, ya danganta da nau'in, wurin da cutar take, da kuma tsananinta. Kuna iya fuskantar alamu iri-iri kamar:

• Zazzaɓi
• Ciwon kai (musamman ciwon kai wanda yake sabo, mai tsanani, ko kuma ya bambanta da na yau da kullun)
• Tashin zuciya da amai
• Kamawa
• Rashin sani

Bugu da ƙari, canje-canje a cikin yanayin jijiyoyin jini na iya faruwa a cikin waɗannan masu zuwa:

• Daidaito
• Halayya
• Numfashi
• Daidaito
• Mayar da Hankali
• Ƙwaƙwalwa
• Yanayi
• Motsi
• Halayyar Mutum
• Jin motsin jiki (misali jin kasala, rashin jin daɗi)
• Magana (misali ƙarar magana, wahalar neman kalmomi)
• Ƙarfi (musamman a gefe ɗaya na jiki)
• Hadiyewa
• Gani (misali, hangen nesa mara kyau kwatsam, hangen nesa biyu)

Abu mafi mahimmanci shine idan kana da ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin waɗannan alamomin da ba a saba gani ba, kwatsam, ko kuma suna ƙaruwa a hankali, ka nemi likita nan da nan. Kada ka ɗauki hakan da wasa.

Yaya ake gane cututtukan kwakwalwa?

Matakai mafi mahimmanci wajen gano wata cuta sune tarihi da jarrabawar jiki. A lokacin gwajin jiki, an fi mai da hankali kan jarrabawar jijiyoyi. Wannan ya haɗa da gwaje-gwajen da ke auna motsi, ji, motsin rai, da ikon tunani. Sakamakon wannan jarrabawar zai tantance wasu gwaje-gwajen da ake buƙata.

Sauran gwaje-gwaje na iya haɗawa da:

• Binciken Halitta: Likitan yana ɗaukar ƙaramin samfurin nama ya gwada shi a dakin gwaje-gwaje. Binciken halitta yana taimakawa wajen tantance ko ciwon kwakwalwa yana da ciwon daji ko a'a.
• Gwajin Ganewa: Wannan ya haɗa da gwaje-gwaje kamar na'urar electroencephalogram (EEG), wacce ke auna aikin lantarki na kwakwalwa. Akwai kuma gwaje-gwajen da ake kira gwajin ƙarfin da aka yi watsi da su, waɗanda ke duba yadda ake aika sakonnin jijiyoyi zuwa kwakwalwa.
• Gwaje-gwajen hoto: CT scans , MRI scans , da PET scans na iya samar da cikakkun hotuna na kwakwalwa. Waɗannan na iya taimakawa wajen gano aikin kwakwalwa da wuraren da ke da rashin lafiya ko lalacewa.
• Gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje: Gwaje-gwajen jini, fitsari, bayan gida, ko ruwan kashin baya na iya taimaka wa likitanka ya fahimci dalilin alamomin. Haka kuma ana iya yin gwajin kwayoyin halitta don gano maye gurbi na kwayoyin halitta da ke haifar da wasu cututtukan kwakwalwa.
• Gwaje-gwajen aikin kwakwalwa: Waɗannan gwaje-gwaje ne da ake yi a takarda ko a kwamfuta. Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen suna ba wa likitanka damar tantance ƙwarewar ƙwaƙwalwarka, tunaninka, da kuma iyawarka ta magance matsaloli.

Ta yaya ake magance cututtukan kwakwalwa?

Banda hana cutar kafin ta bulla, hanyoyin magance ta sun bambanta dangane da nau'in cutar.

• Ana iya warkar da wasu cututtuka (misali, ba da maganin rigakafi don meningitis, ko cire ƙari).
• Wasu kuma ana iya yi musu magani, amma ba a warke gaba ɗaya ba (misali, ba da magani don magance alamun cutar Parkinson, ko ba da magani don hana kamuwa da farfadiya).
• Wasu kuma muna buƙatar daidaitawa da su (misali, amfani da sanda don wasu matsalolin daidaito).

Likitan ku zai iya amfani da magunguna kamar:

• Shawara da Maganin Halayyar Fahimta: Sarrafa matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa da kuma bayar da tallafi na motsin rai.
• Abinci, motsa jiki da kuma kula da damuwa: Rage alamun wasu cututtuka, kamar cutar Alzheimer da kuma cutar sclerosis mai yawa, da kuma hana sake dawowar bugun jini.
• Magani: Maganin cutar da kuma magance alamunta.
• Tiyatar endovascular mai ƙarancin tasiri: Gyaran jijiyoyin jini da suka fashe.
• Maganin motsa jiki, aiki ko magana: Sake dawo da ƙwarewar da aka rasa.
• Hutu: Taimaka wa kwakwalwa ta warke.
• Tiyata: Don dakatar da zubar jini a cikin jiki, cire ciwon kwakwalwa, ko hana farfadiya.

Za a iya hana cututtukan kwakwalwa?

Akwai wata karin magana da ke cewa, 'Rigakafi ya kai fam ɗaya na magani.' Wannan gaskiya ne.

Ana iya guje wa cututtukan kwakwalwa da za a iya hanawa ta hanyar cin abinci mai kyau da kuma yin rayuwa mai kyau, da kuma shawo kan cututtuka kamar hawan jini , ciwon suga , da kuma yawan sinadarin cholesterol , da kuma yin allurar rigakafi kan cututtukan da ke shafar kwakwalwa da tsarin jijiyoyi.

Waɗannan jagororin gabaɗaya zasu iya taimakawa wajen rage haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan kwakwalwa da za a iya hanawa:

• Bin salon rayuwa mai kyau: Wannan ya haɗa da abinci mai kyau da zuciya,Waɗannan sun haɗa da motsa jiki, guje wa shan taba, rage shan barasa, da kuma rage damuwa.
• Gujewa yawan fallasa ga hasken X-ray da sauran hanyoyin radiation.
• Tabbatar da cewa kai da ƙaunatattunka an yi muku allurar rigakafin cutar sankarau ta Bacterial Meningitis .
• San alamun gargaɗi na bugun jini kuma nemi taimakon gaggawa nan take.
• Kula da cututtuka masu tsanani kamar hawan jini, yawan cholesterol, ciwon suga, da kiba .
• Rage haɗarin samun raunuka a kai ta hanyar guje wa faɗuwa, sanya bel ɗin kujera yayin tuƙi, da kuma sanya kwalkwali yayin hawa kekuna ko yin wasannin motsa jiki.
• Kasancewa cikin tunani da kuma aiki tare da jama'a.

Menene makomar idan ka kamu da cutar kwakwalwa?

Wasu cututtukan kwakwalwa suna warwarewa ba tare da lalacewa ta dindindin ba. Wasu kuma na iya warkewa, amma suna iya barin wasu matsaloli a cikin ƙwarewar kwakwalwarka ko ta jiki. Wasu kuma suna da alaƙa da ci gaba a tsawon rayuwa. Likitanka zai yi aiki tare da kai don taimaka maka wajen sarrafa alamun cutar da kuma kiyaye ko sake samun aiki gwargwadon iko. Kada ka damu, tare da magani da tallafi mai kyau, za a iya magance abubuwa da yawa.

Yaushe ya kamata in ga likita?

Yana da mahimmanci a nemi magani da wuri don raunin kwakwalwa da cututtuka. A duba likita ko da kuna da ƙaramin rauni a kai. Haka kuma, a sanar da likitan ku idan kun lura da wasu canje-canje marasa kyau a cikin ɗayan waɗannan:

• Halayya, yanayi, ko hali
• Ƙwaƙwalwa da tsawon lokacin kulawa
• Aikin jiki, gami da motsi, daidaito, da daidaitawa
• Jawabi
• Hangen nesa

Idan kana da ɗaya daga cikin alamun gargaɗin bugun jini, kira 911 nan take! Waɗannan canje-canje ne da galibi ke faruwa da sauri, ba tare da ciwo ba:

• Canje-canje a magana (ƙugiya ko ruɗani) ko wahalar fahimtar wasu.
• Wahalar gani a ido ɗaya ko duka biyun.
• Ciwon kai mai tsanani kwatsam.
• Rashin daidaito, daidaito, ko ikon tafiya.
• Rauni ko jin kasala a fuska, hannu, ko ƙafa, musamman a gefe ɗaya na jiki.

Menene saƙon da muke son ɗauka daga wannan labarin?

Akwai nau'ikan cututtukan kwakwalwa da yawa. Wasu suna da yawa, yayin da wasu kuma ke shafar mutane kaɗan ne kawai a shekara. Likitan ku zai duba ku da kyau don gano ainihin abin da ke haifar da alamun cutar da kuma ba ku mafi kyawun tsarin magani. Idan kai ko wani a cikin danginku ya sami rauni a kwakwalwa ko cuta, bi shawarar likitan ku don magani da kulawa na dogon lokaci. Maganin, magani, canje-canje a salon rayuwa, da tallafin da ya dace na iya taimaka muku rayuwa mai cike da rayuwa gwargwadon iko.Kada ku manta, lafiyar kwakwalwa muhimmin bangare ne na lafiyarmu gaba daya! Don haka bari mu kula da ita.

Cututtukan kwakwalwa, kwakwalwa, tsarin jijiyoyi, farfadiya, bugun jini, cutar Alzheimer, Parkinson, lafiyar kwakwalwa, meningitis, cututtukan jijiyoyi