Duk muna jin tsoron kalmar "cholesterol," ko ba haka ba? Sau da yawa muna jin cewa yawan cholesterol na iya haifar da bugun zuciya da bugun jini. Akwai gaskiya da yawa a cikin wannan labarin. Lokacin da cholesterol ya taru a cikin jijiyoyin jininmu kuma ya fara toshe su, to lokacin ne waɗannan cututtuka masu haɗari suka zama matsala. Don haka a yau, bari mu yi magana game da menene waɗannan tarin cholesterol, yadda suke samuwa, da kuma yadda za mu guji su da kuma kasancewa cikin koshin lafiya.
Menene haɗarin atherosclerosis da kuma tasirin cholesterol?
A taƙaice dai, kamar ƙura ce da ke taruwa a cikin bututun ruwanmu ta kuma toshe su akan lokaci. Cholesterol, kitse, da sauran abubuwa suna taruwa a cikin jijiyoyin jini, waɗanda ake kira jijiyoyin jini, kuma suna samar da "plaques." A magani , ana kiran wannan tsari atherosclerosis .
Babban abin da ke haifar da wannan shine LDL cholesterol . Kamar yadda muka sani, ana kiran wannan "mummunan cholesterol" . Wannan LDL cholesterol shine abin da ke lalata bangon jijiyoyin jini kuma yana fara taruwa a can. Abu mafi haɗari shine wannan lamari yana tasowa a hankali a cikin jiki tsawon shekaru ba tare da wata alama ba.
Wannan yanayi, wanda ake kira atherosclerosis, shine babban abin da ke haifar da cututtuka masu tsanani kamar bugun zuciya, bugun jini, da cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki na gefe.
Ta yaya waɗannan tarin cholesterol ke samuwa?
Wannan ba ya faruwa cikin dare ɗaya. Wannan tsari ne mai sarkakiya wanda ke ɗaukar shekaru. Ka yi tunanin cewa jijiyoyinmu kamar bututu ne masu santsi da siliki a ciki. Wannan tsari yana faruwa kamar haka.
- Mataki na 1: Lalacewar bangon jijiyoyin jini: Abubuwa kamar yawan cholesterol, shan taba, hawan jini, da ciwon suga na iya karce, ko lalata su, ko lalata su, santsi a cikin jijiyoyin jini (endothelium). Kamar karce bango mai kyau ne.
- Mataki na 2: Shigar da Cholesterol: Daga waɗannan wuraren da suka lalace, "mummunan" cholesterol LDL cholesterol da ke shawagi a cikin jini yana shiga bangon jijiyoyin jini a hankali. Sannan ya fara taruwa a can.
- Mataki na Uku: Samar da Plaque: Farin ƙwayoyin jinin jikinmu suna zuwa can don "cin" wannan cholesterol ɗin da ya shiga bangon jijiyoyin jini. Amma wannan kamar yaƙi ne. Bayan lokaci, duk waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta da cholesterol suna taruwa kuma suna samar da taro mai kauri kamar porridge. Wannan shine abin da muke kira cholesterol plaque.
Wannan yanayi ya zama ruwan dare gama gari wanda wani lokacin ana iya ganin matakan farko na waɗannan ma'adanai (masu kitse) har ma a cikin jijiyoyin matasa.
Wace illa waɗannan tarin kuɗi za su iya yi wa jikinmu?
Da zarar an samar da su a cikin bangon jijiyoyin jini, waɗannan ma'adanai na iya yin aiki ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Wasu daga cikinsu ba za su yi girma ba kuma su ci gaba da kasancewa haka. Wasu daga cikinsu na iya girma kuma a hankali suna toshe kwararar jini. Amma abu mafi haɗari da zai iya faruwa shine wannan ma'adinan ya fashe kwatsam (fashewa) .
Idan hakan ta faru, jikinmu nan take ya samar da gudan jini don rufe raunin. Ka yi tunanin me zai faru idan gudan jini ya fara fitowa kwatsam a cikin jijiyar da ta riga ta yi ƙunci kuma ta toshe shi gaba ɗaya? Wannan shine babban abin da ke haifar da bugun zuciya ko bugun jini.
| Yanayin lafiya | Yadda yake faruwa da kuma abin da yake nufi |
|---|---|
| Cutar Jijiyoyin Zuciya | Idan waɗannan tarin abubuwa suka taso a cikin jijiyoyin jini da ke samar da jini ga zuciya, suna iya haifar da ciwon ƙirji (angina). Idan tarin ya fashe ya toshe jijiyoyin gaba ɗaya, tsokar zuciya ta mutu ba tare da samun jini ba. Muna kiran wannan bugun zuciya . |
| Cutar Cerebrovascular | Idan wani gudan jini a cikin jijiyar da ke isar da jini ga kwakwalwa ya fashe, zai iya lalata kwakwalwa ya kuma haifar da bugun jini . Wani lokaci jijiyar tana toshewa na ɗan lokaci kuma alamun suna zuwa da tafi. Muna kiran wannan da TIA (Tsawon Ischemic Attack). Wannan babbar alama ce ta gargaɗi da ke nuna cewa babban bugun jini yana tafe. |
| Cutar Jijiyoyin Jijiyoyi ta Gefen Hanya (PAD) | Toshewar jijiyoyin jini da ke samar da jini ga ƙafafu. Wannan na iya haifar da ciwo a ƙafafu yayin tafiya, da kuma warkar da raunuka a hankali. Idan cutar ta ci gaba, har ma tana iya buƙatar yanke ƙafafu. |
Ta yaya za mu tsira daga wannan yanayi mai haɗari?
Labari mai daɗi shine cewa atherosclerosis cuta ce da za a iya hana ta. Akwai manyan abubuwan haɗari guda 9 da ke haifar da kashi 90% na bugun zuciya. Bari mu duba menene su.
| Abubuwan haɗari | Abin da muke buƙatar sani |
|---|---|
| Shan taba | Yana lalata ganuwar jijiyoyin jini kai tsaye. |
| Yawan cholesterol | Yana samar da kayan da ake buƙata don samar da ma'ajiyar kuɗi. |
| Hawan jini | Yana lalata bangon jijiyoyin jini ta hanyar sanya musu matsi. |
| Ciwon suga | Ƙara yawan sukari a jini yana da illa ga jijiyoyin jini. |
| Kiba a cikin ciki (kitsen ciki) | Alama ce da ke ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya. |
| Damuwa | Damuwa ta dogon lokaci tana da illa ga jiki. |
| Cin ƙarancin 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan lambu | Jiki ba ya karɓar sinadarin antioxidants da yake buƙata. |
| Shan giya fiye da kima | Yana shafar cholesterol da hawan jini. |
| Rashin motsa jiki | Yana rage yawan cholesterol mai kyau kuma yana ƙara yawan cholesterol mara kyau. |
Kamar yadda kuke gani, yawancin waɗannan abubuwan haɗari abubuwa ne da za mu iya sarrafawa . Wannan yana nufin muna da babban damar guje wa wannan cuta mai haɗari ta hanyar canza salon rayuwarmu.
Yadda ake magancewa da kuma sarrafa shi?
Ciwon Atherosclerosis yana da wuya a iya juye shi gaba ɗaya. Duk da haka, tare da ingantaccen magani da canje-canjen salon rayuwa, ana iya dakatar da waɗannan ajiyar kuɗi ko rage su . Akwai kuma shaida cewa wasu magunguna masu ƙarfi na iya rage ko ma cire ajiyar kuɗi.
Canje-canjen Rayuwa
Wannan shine abu mafi mahimmanci kuma abu na farko da za a yi.
- Motsa Jiki: Ko da ka rage kiba ko a'a, motsa jiki na yau da kullun yana ƙara "kyakkyawan" cholesterol na HDL.
- Abinci mai kyau: Ku ci abinci mai yawan fiber da ƙarancin mai. Ku ci ƙarin 'ya'yan itatuwa, kayan lambu, da ganye.
- Omega-3: Abincin da ke ɗauke da omega-3, kamar kifi mai mai (kifin salmon, mackerel, herring), na iya ƙara "kyakkyawan" cholesterol na HDL.
- Daina shan taba: Daina shan taba a yau. Yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun kyauta da za ku iya ba wa zuciyarku.
Magunguna
Baya ga canje-canje a salon rayuwa, wasu mutane likita zai iya rubuta musu magani.
- Statins: Waɗannan su ne magungunan rage cholesterol da aka fi amfani da su. Suna iya rage "mummunan" cholesterol na LDL. (Misali: Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin, Simvastatin). Suna daidaita plaques kuma suna rage haɗarin fashewa.
- Fibrates: Waɗannan suna taimakawa wajen rage wani nau'in kitse da ake kira triglycerides (misali Gemfibrozil, Fenofibrate).
- Magungunan hawan jini: Idan kana da hawan jini, ya kamata ka sha maganin da aka rubuta maka don rage shi kamar yadda aka rubuta maka.
- Magungunan rage radadi a jini: Magunguna kamar aspirin da clopidogrel na iya rage haɗarin toshewar jini. Duk da haka, kada ku fara shan waɗannan magunguna ba tare da fara tuntuɓar likitan ku ba .
Hanyoyi na musamman da za a iya yi a wasu lokutan
Idan jijiyoyin jini suka toshe sosai kuma alamun sun yi tsanani, likitoci na iya amfani da wasu hanyoyin na musamman.
- Angioplasty da Stenting:A cikin wannan, ana wuce wani siririn bututu (catheter) ta cikin jijiyar da ke cikin ƙafa ko hannu zuwa zuciya, sannan a yi amfani da ƙaramin balan-balan don hura yankin da aka toshe. Sannan, ana sanya ƙaramin bututu mai kama da raga (stent) a cikin jijiyar don hana ta sake yin ƙunci.
- Tiyatar Wucewa: A cikin wannan, likitocin fiɗa suna ɗaukar jijiyoyin jini masu lafiya daga wani ɓangare na jiki (ƙafa ko ƙirji) sannan su ƙirƙiri sabuwar hanya don jini ya gudana a kusa da wurin da aka toshe. Kamar ƙirƙirar hanyar wucewa don kauce wa shingen hanya.
Saboda waɗannan hanyoyin suna da wasu haɗari, ana ba da shawarar su ne kawai a cikin mawuyacin hali.
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- Ciwon suga (atherosclerosis) yanayi ne mai haɗari wanda ke tasowa a hankali a cikin jiki tsawon shekaru. Kada ku jira alamun su bayyana.
- Salon rayuwarka shine babban makaminka. Cin abinci mai kyau, motsa jiki, da kuma daina shan taba na iya kawo babban canji.
- Kullum ka kula da yawan cholesterol, hawan jini, da sukari. A riƙa duba lafiyarka akai-akai.
- Idan kana da wata damuwa ko tarihin iyali na cholesterol ko cututtukan zuciya, tabbatar da yin magana da likitanka game da shi.
- A sha maganin da likitanka ya rubuta, a lokacin da aka tsara. A guji fara ko dakatar da magani da kanka.
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