Bari mu yi magana kawai game da babban jijiyoyin jini a jikinmu: Aorta mai saukowa.

Duk mun san cewa zuciyarmu ita ce babbar cibiyar da ke fitar da jini a cikin jiki. Kamar injin ruwa. Don haka, jinin da ke ɗauke da iskar oxygen, tsarkakakken jini da wannan zuciya ke fitarwa dole ne ya kasance yana da babban hanyar da zai rarraba ta a cikin jiki. Wannan babbar hanyar jini, mafi girma, kuma mafi ƙarfi ita ce aorta, ko kuma kamar yadda muke faɗa a Turanci, 'Aorta'. A yau za mu yi magana game da 'Aorta Mai Saukewa', wanda muhimmin ɓangare ne na wannan aorta.

A taƙaice dai, menene Aorta Mai Saukewa?

'Aorta mai saukowa' ita ce mafi tsayin ɓangaren aorta, wato babban jijiyoyin jini a jikinka. Saukowa yana nufin 'sauka'. Don haka, kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, wannan shine ɓangaren aorta da ke sauka. Babban aikinsa shine ɗaukar jini mai tsafta mai wadataccen iskar oxygen daga zuciya zuwa ƙirjinka da cikinka. Kamar babban bututun ruwa ne da ke samar da ruwa ga birni. Wannan babban bututun yana rarrafe zuwa ƙananan rassan don samar da jini ga sauran jiki.

Akwai sassa biyu a cikin wannan... menene su?

Ko da yake dukkan jijiyoyin jini da ake kira Descending Aorta suna ci gaba da kasancewa, muna magana ne game da shi a matsayin sassa biyu dangane da inda yake. Kamar dai idan hanya ɗaya ta ratsa birane biyu, ana kiranta da sunaye daban-daban a kowace birni.

1. Aorta Mai Saukowa Daga Ƙwaƙwalwa: Lokacin da Aorta Mai Saukowa Ta Ratsa Ƙwaƙwalwa Ta Ratsa Ƙwaƙwalwa (Thorax), muna kiran wannan ɓangaren da 'Aorta Mai Saukowa Daga Ƙwaƙwalwa'. 'Aorta Mai Saukowa Daga Ƙwaƙwalwa' kalma ce ta likitanci da ake amfani da ita don abubuwan da suka shafi ƙirji.

2. Ciwon Ciki Mai Saukowa: Wannan jijiyoyin jini suna canza sunansa yayin da yake ratsawa ta cikin diaphragm, tsokar da ke raba ƙirjinka da ciki. Sashen da ke ƙarƙashin diaphragm, wanda ke cikin cikinka, ana kiransa Ciwon Ciki Mai Saukowa. Yana ƙaruwa daga saman cikinka zuwa kusan matakin cibiyarka.

Kada ka rikita wannan da sauran sassan aorta!

Wani lokaci sassan aorta na iya haɗuwa. Bari mu yi bayani game da hakan ma.

• Shin Aorta na thoracic da Aorta na saukowa iri ɗaya ne?

A'a. Waɗannan ba abu ɗaya ba ne. 'Ƙwayar thoracic Aorta' tana nufin dukkan ɓangaren jijiyar da ke ratsa ƙirji. Ya ƙunshi sassa da dama:

• Tushen Aorta: Sashen tushen da ke da alaƙa da zuciya.
• Hawan aorta: Sashen da ke farawa daga zuciya kuma yana lanƙwasa sama.
• Bakin Aorta: Sashen da ke lanƙwasa a sama, kamar riƙon sanda.
• Aorta mai saukowa daga ƙirji: Wannan shine ɓangaren Aorta mai saukowa daga ƙirji da muke magana a kai wanda ke cikin ƙirji.

Wato, wani ɓangare na Aorta mai saukowa yana cikin Aorta na thoracic.

• Mene ne bambanci tsakanin Aorta Mai Hawan Sama da Aorta Mai Saukowa?

Wannan abu ne mai sauƙi. Ka yi tunanin aorta a matsayin babban alamar tambaya (?).

• Aorta mai hawa sama ita ce ɓangaren da ke tashi daga zuciya.
• Jijiya mai saukowa ita ce ɓangaren da ke saukowa bayan wannan lanƙwasa. Yana fitowa daga ƙirji har zuwa ciki.

Wace irin hidima ce Aorta mai saukowa ke yi wa jikinmu?

Wannan ita ce babbar hanyar da ke samar da jini zuwa ga ƙananan sassan jikinmu. Ta wannan hanyar ne ƙananan jijiyoyin jini (reshe) da suka rabu daga gare ta ke samun iskar oxygen da abubuwan gina jiki da yawa daga cikin muhimman gabobinmu.

Bari mu kuma koyi game da girman da kuma yadudduka na wannan jijiyoyin jini.

Girman aorta na iya bambanta kaɗan dangane da shekaru, girman jiki, da jinsi. A cikin babba mai lafiya, matsakaicin

• Diamita na aorta mai saukowa yawanci shine santimita 2.5-3 .
• Diamita na aorta na ciki wanda ke saukowa yawanci yana kusan santimita 2 .

Wannan babban jijiyoyin jini ya ƙunshi manyan layuka uku na nama:

1. Layin ciki (Tunica Intima): Jini yana gudana ta wannan layin. Yana taimakawa wajen sarrafa hawan jini da kuma hana toshewar jini.

2. Tsakiyar tsakiya (Media): Wannan tsakiyar tana ɗauke da ƙananan tsokoki da zare mai laushi waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen ci gaba da tafiya da jini a hanya ɗaya. Wannan tsakiyar na iya raunanawa da tsufa.

3. Mafi girman laka (Adventitia): Nan ne jijiyoyin jini ke samun ƙarfi da tsari.

Waɗanne yanayi ne ke shafar Aorta Mai Zurfi?

Saboda yana yin irin wannan muhimmin aiki, lalacewar wannan jijiyoyin jini na iya zama mai tsanani. Mafi yawan lokuta shine aneurysm na aorta .

Akwai nau'ikan aneurysms da yawa da ke faruwa a cikin aorta mai saukowa:

• Ciwon Zuciyar Zuciya (TAA): Wannan yana faruwa ne a cikin babban hanjin da ke saukowa a cikin ƙirji. Hawan jini, rauni a ƙirji, da wasu matsalolin kwayoyin halitta (misali Ciwon Marfan) na iya haifar da shi.
• Ciwon Aortic A cikin Ciki (AAA): Wannan shine nau'in ciwon Aneurysm da aka fi sani. Yana faruwa ne a cikin ramin ciki. Ya fi yawa a cikin mutanen da suka haura shekaru 65, musamman mazan da ke shan taba . Babban abin da ke haifar da shi shine tarin kitse (atherosclerosis) a cikin jijiyoyin jini.
• Ciwon Zuciyar Zuciyar Zuciyar Zuciya (TAAA): Wannan ciwon zuciya ne wanda ke fitowa daga ƙirji zuwa ciki.

Idan likita ya ga wani irin wannan ciwon aneurysm, zai ci gaba da sa ido a kansa ta hanyar daukar hoton. Idan ya girma zuwa girman da ba shi da haɗari, zai nemi magani kafin a sami matsaloli masu barazana ga rayuwa.

Matsaloli guda biyu mafi haɗari:

1. Rushewar Aneurysm: Babban ɓangaren aneurysm ɗin yana fashewa. Wannan na iya haifar da zubar jini mai yawa a cikin jiki har ma da mutuwa nan take.

2. Nau'in B Rarraba Jijiyoyin Jijiyoyi (yagewar bango):Yagewa a cikin mafi girman sashin jijiyoyin jini, wanda ke haifar da zubar jini ta cikin tsagewar zuwa sararin da ke tsakanin layuka biyu na bango. Wannan kuma yana iya haifar da fashewar jijiyoyin jini ko yanke kwararar jini zuwa ga gabobin jiki.

Mene ne alamun waɗannan yanayi?

Abin tsoro a nan shi ne, a mafi yawan lokuta, cututtuka kamar aneurysms ba sa nuna wata alama a farkon matakai . Wannan yana nufin za ka iya samun wata cuta mai haɗari da ke tasowa a cikin jikinka ba tare da wata matsala ba. Shi ya sa yake da muhimmanci a ga likita akai-akai don a duba lafiyarka.

Duk da haka, wasu alamun gargaɗi na iya bayyana lokacin da aneurysm ɗin jini ke gab da fashewa.

Idan ka fuskanci ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan alamun gaggawa, kada ka ɓata lokaci ka kira motar asibiti nan take ka je Sashen Kula da Gaggawa na asibiti (ETU). Kowace daƙiƙa tana da muhimmanci.

Ta yaya ake gano waɗannan cututtuka?

Idan likitanka ya yi zargin hakan bayan ya duba ka, za su ba da shawarar gwaje-gwajen hoto da dama don tabbatar da hakan.

• Duban Dandano na Ciki
• An yi amfani da na'urar duba tantanin halitta (CTA)
• Hoton Magnetic Resonance (MRI)
• Tsarin Echocardiogram na Transesophageal (TEE)

Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen za su iya ganin girma, siffar, da kuma ko akwai kumburi ko yagewar jijiyoyin jini.

Menene hanyoyin magancewa?

Maganin ya danganta da girman aneurysm ɗinka, yadda yake girma da sauri, da kuma lafiyarka gaba ɗaya.

• Lura: Idan aneurysm ɗin ƙarami ne, likita zai iya duba shi akai-akai don ganin ko yana ƙara girma.
• Magani: Ana ba da magunguna don daidaita hawan jini da matakan cholesterol. Waɗannan na iya rage saurin da aneurysm ke ƙaruwa.
• Tiyata: Idan aneurysm ɗin ya yi girma sosai, ana yin tiyata don cire ɓangaren da ya raunana sannan a maye gurbinsa da wani bututun roba (graft).
• Gyaran Ciwon Zuciyar Endovascular Aneurysm (EVAR): Wannan hanya ce mai sauƙi. Ana saka wani dashen stent ta hanyar ƙaramin yankewa a cikin maƙogwaro sannan a faɗaɗa shi a kan maƙogwaro. Wannan yana ba da damar jini ya gudana ta cikin sabon maƙogwaro, yana rage matsin lamba akan bangon da ya kumbura.