Menene wannan 'epithelium' da ke ko'ina a jikinmu? Bari mu fahimce shi a taƙaice!

Shin kun taɓa yin mamakin yadda fatarmu ke kare mu? Ko kuma yadda muke shan sinadarai masu gina jiki daga abincin da muke ci, ko kuma yadda muke hana abubuwa kamar ƙura shiga jikinmu lokacin da muke numfashi? Wannan nama na musamman da za mu yi magana a kai a yau yana da alaƙa da duk waɗannan. Ana kiransa epithelium . Wataƙila kun ji wannan kalma daga likita. Don haka, bari mu dubi menene, inda take a cikin jiki, da kuma abin da take yi.

Menene Epithelium? A takaice dai...

Epithelium wani nau'in nama ne na musamman a jikinmu . Ka yi tunani a kai, yana rufe kusan kowace fuska a ciki da wajen jikinmu, yana rufe cikin ramuka da gabobin da ke cikin rami, kuma shine babban nama a cikin gland ɗinmu.

Yanzu za ka iya yin mamaki, me wannan ƙwayar epithelial ke yi wa jikinmu? A gaskiya ma, tana da ayyuka da yawa dangane da inda take . Manyan su ne kariya, fitar da abubuwa daban-daban, da kuma shan abubuwan da suka zama dole .

Wataƙila ka san cewa akwai manyan nau'ikan nama guda huɗu a jikinmu:

• Nau'in epithelial
• Nau'in haɗin kai
• Nau'in tsoka
• Nau'in jijiya

Daga cikin waɗannan, ƙwayar epithelial tana da matuƙar muhimmanci. Domin idan wani abu yana buƙatar shiga ko fita daga gabobinmu, dole ne ya fara ratsa ta wannan ƙwayar epithelial .

Za ka iya tunanin wurare nawa ne wannan ƙwayar epithelial ke samuwa a jikinmu. Ga wasu misalai kaɗan:

• Mafi girman Layer na fatar jikinka (epidermis)
• Rufin da ke cikin hanjinka
• Rufin da ke cikin hanyoyin iskar ku
• Rufin da ke cikin ramin cikinka
• Glandan gumin ku

Nau'in epithelial yana ko'ina.

To, menene ƙwayoyin epithelial?

Abu mai sauƙi. Nama na epithelial ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin epithelial . Waɗannan ƙwayoyin na iya zama siffofi daban-daban, kuma ana iya shirya su a cikin layi ɗaya ko a cikin layuka da yawa. Ya danganta da inda ƙwayoyin suke a cikin jiki da kuma irin aikin da suke yi.

A fannin ilmin halitta, kwayar halitta ita ce mafi ƙanƙantar naúrar rayuwa da za ta iya rayuwa da kanta. Jikinmu ya ƙunshi tiriliyan waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta. Kwayar halitta gabaɗaya tana da manyan sassa uku:

• Membrane na tantanin halitta: Wannan shine rufin da ke kewaye da tantanin halitta. Yana sarrafa abin da ke shiga da kuma abin da ke fita daga tantanin halitta.
• Nucleus: Wannan shine mafi mahimmancin ɓangaren ƙwayar halitta. Yana ɗauke da mafi yawan bayanan kwayoyin halitta na ƙwayar halitta, ko DNA .
• Tsarin Halitta:Wannan shine ruwan da ke cikin tantanin halitta. Yana ɗauke da sauran sassan tantanin halitta, ƙananan sifofi waɗanda ke yin ayyuka daban-daban.

Wasu nau'ikan ƙwayoyin halitta, musamman ƙwayoyin epithelial, suna da tsari na musamman a saman su wanda ke taimaka musu su yi ayyukansu. Ga wasu misalai:

• Microvilli: Waɗannan kamar ƙananan yatsu ne da ke fitowa daga saman ƙwayoyin halitta. Amma ba sa motsawa. Babban aikinsu shine ƙara girman saman ƙwayar halitta. Wannan yana bawa ƙwayar halitta damar shan abubuwa da yawa. Misali, ƙwayoyin epithelial da ke cikin ƙaramin hanjinku suna da dubban waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta . Waɗannan su ne abubuwan da ke taimaka muku shan abubuwan gina jiki daga abincin da kuke ci, kuma suna taimakawa wajen kare jikinku daga ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin hanjinku.
• Cilia: Waɗannan suna da kyau sosai, kamar gashi, kuma suna motsi. Ana samun su a saman ƙwayoyin halitta. Suna iya motsa dukkan ƙwayoyin halitta, ko kuma motsa abubuwa a saman ƙwayar halitta. Kwayar halitta mai cilia yawanci tana da ɗaruruwan cilia. Ka yi tunani game da shi, ƙwayoyin epithelial a cikin hanyar numfashinka suna da waɗannan cilia . Lokacin da kake shaƙa ƙura da sauran ƙwayoyin cuta, suna kamawa a cikin waɗannan cilia, suna motsa su zuwa ga hanci, suna kare su daga shiga cikin huhu. Wani misali kuma shine ƙwayoyin epithelial a cikin bututun Fallopian na mata. Waɗannan suna taimakawa wajen motsa ƙwai daga kwai zuwa mahaifa.
• Stereocilia: Waɗannan a zahiri nau'in microvilli ne na musamman. Amma suna kama da cilia. Hakanan suna fitowa ne daga saman wasu ƙwayoyin epithelial. Waɗannan stereocilia suna da mahimmanci don ji da daidaito a cikin kyallen epithelial na kunnen ku na ciki .

Wadanne nau'ikan ƙwayoyin epithelial ne akwai?

Saboda ƙwayoyin epithelial suna da ayyuka daban-daban, akwai nau'ikan ƙwayoyin epithelial da dama, ya danganta da inda suke. Bari mu dubi menene su.

Nau'ikan ƙwayoyin epithelial ta siffa

Akwai manyan nau'ikan ƙwayoyin halitta guda uku dangane da siffarsu:

• Squamous epithelium: Waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta suna da faɗi, kamar ganye.
• Cuboidal epithelium: Waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta suna da siffar cuboidal, ma'ana tsayi, faɗi, da zurfin iri ɗaya ne.
• Epithelium na Columnar: Waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna da siffar ginshiƙi, ma'ana sun fi tsayi fiye da faɗinsu.

Nau'ikan da suka dogara da yadda aka tsara ƙwayoyin halitta

Nau'in epithelial kuma ya bambanta a yadda aka tsara ƙwayoyin:

• Mai Sauƙi: Epithelium mai sauƙi shine wanda ke da Layer ɗaya kawai na ƙwayoyin halitta .
• Tsaftacewa: An yi wa epithelium ɗin da aka raba shi da fiye da Layer ɗaya na ƙwayoyin halitta .
• An yi wa Pseudostratified:Wannan na musamman ne kaɗan. Domin ƙwayoyin suna taruwa wuri ɗaya, kuma suna zuwa a girma dabam-dabam, da alama akwai layuka da yawa. Amma a zahiri akwai layuka ɗaya kawai na ƙwayoyin halitta .

Waɗanne manyan nau'ikan ƙwayoyin epithelial ne a jikinka?

Yanzu, idan muka haɗa siffar da muka tattauna a sama da kuma yadda aka tsara layukan tantanin halitta, za mu iya gano nau'ikan ƙwayoyin epithelial da dama. Ga wasu daga cikinsu:

• Simple squamous epithelium: Wannan nau'in yawanci yana layi jijiyoyin jini da ramuka na jiki kuma yana sarrafa wucewar abubuwa zuwa kyallen da ke ƙarƙashinsu.
• Simple cuboidal epithelium: Ana samun waɗannan a cikin kyallen glandular (wanda ke samar da majina) da kuma bututun koda.
• Simple columnar epithelium: Waɗannan galibi an ƙera su ne don sha. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin galibi suna da cilia ko microvilli a saman su. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna rufe cikin ku da hanji.
• Stratified squamous epithelium: Wannan nau'in nama yawanci yana da ayyukan kariya. Misali, yana kare kyallen da ke ƙarƙashinsa daga ƙwayoyin cuta ko lalacewar ruwa. Mafi girman Layer na fatar jikinka (epidermis) ya ƙunshi waɗannan ƙwayoyin epithelial squamous stratified.
• Ciwon epithelium mai siffar stratified: Wannan nau'in ba abu ne da ya zama ruwan dare ba. Ana iya samunsa a cikin bututun fitar da maniyyi na glandar maƙogwaro da kuma glandar gumi.
• Stratified columnar epithelium: Wannan kuma ba abu ne da ya zama ruwan dare ba. Ana samunsa a cikin mucous membrane (conjunctiva) wanda ke rufe fatar ido. Yana ba da kariya kuma yana fitar da majina.
• Pseudostratified columnar epithelium: Wannan nau'in yana layi da sashin numfashi na sama. Yawanci yana da cilia da yawa.

Kwayoyin epithelial masu ayyuka na musamman

Akwai wasu ƙwayoyin epithelial waɗanda za a iya rarraba su bisa ga ayyukan da suka yi na musamman.

• Epithelium na Canji: Wanda kuma ake kira urothelium . Ya ƙunshi layuka da yawa na ƙwayoyin halitta. Abu na musamman game da wannan shine idan aka miƙe su, waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna miƙewa. Yana layi da mafi yawan hanyoyin fitsari . Hakanan shine nama wanda ke ba da damar mafitsara ta faɗaɗa.
• Kwayar glandular epithelium:Wannan nau'in epithelium an ƙera shi ne don samar da kuma fitar da abubuwa (fitar da su). Ana samun waɗannan a cikin gland ɗinka. Glands wasu gabobin jiki ne na musamman waɗanda za su iya yin, adanawa, da/ko fitar da abubuwa kamar hormones, sunadarai, da ruwa.
• Epithelium na ƙamshi: Wannan yana cikin ramin hancinka. Yana ɗauke da ƙwayoyin masu karɓar ƙamshi . Waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna da dogayen tsari na musamman da ake kira cilia. Idan ka shaƙa, ƙwayoyin ƙamshi suna kamawa a cikin cilia yayin da suke wucewa ta wannan saman epithelial. Bayanan game da waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna tafiya daga masu karɓar zuwa kwan fitilar ƙamshi a cikin kwakwalwarka. A nan ne kwakwalwarka ke fassara menene wannan ƙamshi.

To, me ke faruwa da kyallen epithelial (ayyuka)?

Yanzu za ku iya ganin muhimmancin kyallen epithelial ga jikinmu. Suna yin ayyuka da dama da suke da mahimmanci ga rayuwarmu. Tunda ana samun ƙwayoyin epithelial a ko'ina cikin jiki, aikinsu da manufarsu sun bambanta dangane da inda suke.

Nau'in epithelial galibi yana yin ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin waɗannan ayyuka:

• Kariya: Nama na epithelial yana kare sassa daban-daban na jikinmu. Misali, fatar jikinka ta ƙunshi nama na epithelial . Tana kare nama, jijiyoyin jini, tsokoki, da gabobin ciki a cikin jikinka. Hakazalika, cilia da ke kan ƙwayoyin epithelial da ke rufe hanjinka yana kare sauran jikinka daga ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin hanji.
• Fitar da ruwa: Nama na epithelial da ke cikin gland ɗinku (epithelium na gland) na iya fitar da enzymes, hormones, da ruwaye daban-daban.
• Sha: Nama na epithelial da ke lulluɓe gabobin ciki, kamar hanta da huhu, na iya shan wasu abubuwa. Misali, rufin epithelial da ke cikin hanjinka yana shan abubuwan gina jiki daga abincin da kake ci .
• Fitar da Ciki: Fitar da ciki tsari ne na kawar da sharar jiki. Nama na epithelial da ke cikin koda yana fitar da sharar gida . Kuma nama na epithelial da ke cikin glandar gumin ku yana fitar da gumi.
• Tacewa: Epithelium ɗin da ke cikin hanyar numfashinka yana tsaftace iskar da kake shaka ta hanyar tace ƙura da ƙura . Hakazalika, ƙwayar epithelial da ke cikin kodanka tana tace jininka.
• Yaɗuwa: A fannin ilmin halitta, yaɗuwa ita ce motsi na ƙwayoyin halitta ko barbashi daga wani yanki mai yawan taro zuwa wani yanki mai ƙarancin taro. Wani membrane mai sauƙi wanda aka yi da ƙwayoyin epithelial zai iya barin zaɓaɓɓun abubuwa su ratsa ta cikinsa kawai. Wannan tsari na yaɗuwa yana taimakawa wajen ayyuka kamar tacewa, sha, da kuma fitar da abubuwa.
• Karɓar azanci:Jikinmu yana karɓar bayanai daga duniyar waje saboda ƙarshen jijiyoyi masu ji da ke cikin kyallen epithelial. Misali, stereocilia da ke saman kyallen epithelial a kunnenka yana da mahimmanci don ji da daidaito . Hakazalika, ƙasusuwan ɗanɗano a harshenka suna cikin stratified squamous epithelium na harshenka.

Wadanne cututtuka ne ke shafar kyallen epithelial?

Babban haɗarin kamuwa da cutar epithelial shine yiwuwar kamuwa da cututtukan daji, musamman nau'ikan ciwon daji kamar adenocarcinoma ko cutar kansa ta papillary thyroid .

Adenocarcinoma wani nau'in ciwon daji ne da ke shafar kyallen glandular epithelial da ke kewaye gabobin jiki. Shi ne nau'in ciwon daji da ya fi yawa da ke tasowa a gabobin jiki. Wannan saboda:

• Yawancin cututtukan daji na prostate
• Ciwon daji na nono da yawa
• Kimanin kashi 96% na cututtukan daji na hanji
• Kusan kashi 95% na cututtukan daji na pancreas
• Ciwon huhu wanda ba ƙaramin ƙwayar halitta ba ne ke haifar da kusan kashi 40% na dukkan cututtukan huhu.

Ciwon daji na thyroid na Papillary yana da kusan kashi 80% na cututtukan thyroid. Wannan nau'in ciwon daji yana girma a hankali. Ko da ya bazu zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph a wuya, cutar tana amsawa da kyau ga magani. Tana da matuƙar warkewa kuma ba kasafai take mutuwa ba.

Baya ga ciwon daji, wasu matsaloli da suka shafi kyallen epithelial na iya faruwa a cikin gabobin jiki daban-daban. Wasu daga cikin cututtukan da suka fi yawa sun haɗa da:

• Asma: Asma yanayi ne da hanyoyin iska ke ƙunƙuntawa, kumbura, kuma wataƙila suna samar da majina mai yawa. A cikin wannan, epithelium na hanyoyin iska yana canzawa kuma yana zama mai rauni.
• Cutar Celiac: Idan wani mai cutar celiac ya ci gluten (wani furotin da ake samu a wasu hatsi), garkuwar jikinsu tana kai hari kuma tana lalata ƙwayoyin cuta masu yawa a cikin ƙwayoyin epithelial waɗanda ke rufe hanjinsu. Wannan yana sa hanjin ya yi wa kansa wahala wajen shan abubuwan gina jiki yadda ya kamata.
• Nau'in 1-4 na cutar papillomavirus ta ɗan adam: HPV na iya haifar da kuraje a kan ƙwayoyin epithelial a cikin mafi girman Layer na fatar jikinka (epidermis).
• Juyawar Jijiyoyi: Juyawar Jijiyoyi cuta ce da ke haifar da jin juyawa. Tana iya haifar da dalilai da dama. Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da hakan shine tarin ƙwayoyin epithelial masu siffar squamous a cikin kunnenka (wanda ake kira cholesteatoma ). Idan ba a yi maganinsa ba, yana iya haifar da vertigo (matsalolin daidaito) da kuma matsalolin ji.

Waɗanne gwaje-gwaje ne ke bincika ƙwayoyin epithelial?

Saboda ana samun ƙwayoyin epithelial a wurare da dama masu muhimmanci a jikinmu, akwai nau'ikan gwaje-gwaje da dama da ke bincika ƙwayoyin epithelial don ganin ko suna da hannu a wasu cututtuka. A magani, ilimin cututtuka shine binciken ƙwayoyin halitta a cikin kyallen jiki ko samfuran ruwa a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje don gano cutar. Masanin kimiyya wanda ke bincika waɗannan ƙwayoyin ana kiransa masanin cututtuka .

Wasu misalan gwaje-gwaje da suka shafi nama na epithelial:

• Kwayoyin Epithelial a cikin fitsari: Gwaji ne da ke auna abubuwa daban-daban a cikin fitsarinka. Wani ɓangare na wannan shine adadin ƙwayoyin epithelial na fitsari. Mai fasaha a dakin gwaje-gwaje zai duba samfurin fitsarinka a ƙarƙashin na'urar hangen nesa don ganin ko adadin ƙwayoyin epithelial yana cikin matsakaicin da aka saba. Yana da al'ada a sami wasu ƙwayoyin epithelial a cikin fitsarinka. Amma idan kana da su da yawa, yana iya zama alamar kamuwa da cuta, cutar koda, ko wata mummunar cuta .
• Gwajin Pap smear/Pap: Gwajin Pap gwaji ne don duba ƙwayoyin epithelial marasa kyau a cikin mahaifa waɗanda ke da ciwon daji ko kuma waɗanda za su iya zama ciwon daji. A cikin wannan gwajin, mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya yana ɗaukar samfurin ƙwayoyin halitta daga mahaifa kuma yana duba su ta hanyar na'urar hangen nesa.
• Wasu gwaje-gwajen biopsy: Biopsy shine binciken (sau da yawa a ƙarƙashin na'urar hangen nesa) na nama da aka cire daga wani ɓangare na jiki don neman alamun cutar. Akwai nau'ikan biopsy da yawa waɗanda ke nazarin ƙwayoyin epithelial. Misali, biopsy na prostate ya ƙunshi ɗaukar ƙwayoyin epithelial daga prostate da allura da kuma duba alamun cutar kansa. Biopsy don cutar celiac ya ƙunshi ɗaukar ƙwayoyin epithelial daga rufin ƙaramin hanji ta hanyar endoscopy da kuma duba lalacewar microvilli a cikin ƙwayoyin.
• Wasu gwaje-gwajen Cytology (Gwajin Cytology / Cytopathology): Cytology shine binciken ƙwayoyin halitta daga kyallen jiki ko ruwaye don yin ganewar asali. Akwai gwaje-gwajen cytology da yawa da suka shafi ƙwayoyin epithelial, kamar su cytology na mata, cytology na thyroid, cytology na numfashi, da cytology na ido.

Mene ne bambanci tsakanin epithelium, endothelium, da mesothelium?

Waɗannan sunaye uku na iya zama masu rikitarwa domin suna kama da juna. Epithelium, endothelium , da mesothelium nau'ikan ƙwayoyin epithelial guda uku ne waɗanda ke rufe gabobin ciki, ramukan jikinmu, kuma suna samar da fatarmu ta waje.

• Epithelium yawanci yana layi a kan hanyoyin da ke buɗewa zuwa ga muhallin waje, misali hanyar numfashi da tsarin narkewar abinci.
• Endothelium yawanci yana rufe dukkan hanyoyin cikin jiki, kamar tsarin jijiyoyin jini (jijiyoyin jini) da kuma cornea na ido.
• Mesothelium yana lulluɓe manyan ramukan jikinka. Misali, ramin ciki (peritoneum), ramin huhu (pleura), da kuma ramin zuciya (pericardium). Mesothelium yana fitar da ruwa mai shafawa da ake kira ruwa mai laushi .

Nau'in nama na epithelial wani nau'in nama ne wanda ke yin ayyuka da yawa waɗanda suke da mahimmanci ga aikin jikinka da lafiyarka. Wataƙila ka ji likitanka yana amfani da kalmar "epithelium" lokacin da yake magana game da wasu gwaje-gwaje ko nau'ikan ciwon daji. Akwai kalmomi masu rikitarwa da ban mamaki kamar waɗannan a fannin likitanci. Idan ba ka da tabbas game da kalmar da likitanka ya yi amfani da ita, kada ka ji tsoron tambayarsa ko ita ma'anarta.

Muhimman abubuwan da ya kamata ku tuna (Saƙon Kai-Gida)

Don haka, ina fatan kuna da wata fahimta mai sauƙi game da wannan 'epithelium' da muka yi magana a kai a yau.

• Epithelium wani nama ne na musamman wanda ke aiki a matsayin abin rufewa kuma ana samunsa kusan ko'ina a jikinmu. Ana samunsa a wurare kamar fata, hanji, da kuma hanyoyin numfashi.
• Wannan yana yin ayyuka masu mahimmanci da yawa, kamar kariya, fitar da ruwa, da kuma sha .
• Akwai nau'ikan ƙwayoyin epithelial daban-daban dangane da siffarsu da tsarinsu.
• Wasu yanayi na lafiya, musamman ciwon daji , na iya shafar wannan kyallen epithelial, kuma suna da alaƙa da yanayi kamar asma da cutar celiac.
• Ana iya ganin lafiyar waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje daban-daban (gwajin fitsari, gwajin Pap, biopsy) .

Sanin jikinka zai taimaka maka sosai wajen kasancewa cikin koshin lafiya. Don haka, ka kasance mai sha'awar ƙarin koyo game da waɗannan abubuwan.

epithelium , ƙwayoyin epithelial, nama, suturar jiki, gland, kariya, fitar da ruwa, sha, nau'in tantanin halitta, squamous, cuboidal, columnar, stratified, simple, pseudostratified, cancer, adenocarcinoma, pap smear