Shin kana da hawan jini , ko " hawan jini " kamar yadda muka sani? Wataƙila kana shan magunguna ɗaya, biyu, ko ma fiye da haka da likitanka ya rubuta maka. Amma shin kana ganin yana da wahala ka rage hawan jininka ko da bayan shan magunguna da yawa? Idan haka ne, dalilin wannan bazai zama wani abu da kowa ke tunani akai ba. A yau za mu yi magana game da wata cuta ta musamman da za ta iya haifar da hawan jini wanda magunguna ba sa iya sarrafa shi cikin sauƙi. Wannan shine Hyperaldosteronism. Kodayake sunan yana da ɗan rikitarwa, bari mu fahimce shi a sauƙaƙe.
Menene Hyperaldosteronism?
A taƙaice dai, Hyperaldosteronism shine samar da sinadarin hormone mai suna "Aldosterone" da yawa daga glandar adrenal da ke jikinmu.
Yanzu wataƙila kana tunani, menene waɗannan glandon adrenal? Menene wannan hormone na aldosterone?
Ka yi tunanin, a saman kodan biyu a jikinmu, akwai ƙananan gland guda biyu, kamar ƙananan caps guda biyu. Wannan shine abin da muke kira adrenal gland. Waɗannan muhimmin ɓangare ne na tsarin endocrine ɗinmu. Waɗannan ƙananan gland guda biyu suna samar da nau'ikan hormones da yawa waɗanda suke da mahimmanci ga ayyukan yau da kullun na jikinmu.
Wani sinadari na musamman da waɗannan glanders ke samarwa ana kiransa aldosterone . Babban aikin wannan sinadari shine daidaita hawan jininmu . Yana yin hakan ta hanyar daidaita matakan sodium da potassium a cikin jininmu. Wannan sinadari yana aiki a jikinmu kamar jami'in 'yan sanda masu kula da zirga-zirga a kan hanya.
Don haka, idan aka yi la'akari da Hyperaldosteronism, abin da ke faruwa shi ne cewa wannan hormone na aldosterone yana ƙaruwa. Sannan adadin sodium a jikinmu yana ƙaruwa kuma adadin potassium yana raguwa. Sakamakon ƙarshe shine hawan jini (Hawan jini) da ƙarancin matakan potassium a cikin jini (Hypokalemia) .
Akwai manyan nau'i biyu na wannan.
Likitoci sun raba wannan yanayin zuwa manyan nau'i biyu, ya danganta da dalilin.
1. Babban Hyperaldosteronism:Ana kuma kiran wannan da "Ciwon Conn." Wannan yana faruwa ne sakamakon wata matsala a cikin glandar adrenal, wadda ke sa su samar da sinadarin aldosterone da yawa. Dalilin yana cikin glandar kanta.
2. Hyperaldosteronism na biyu: A nan babu matsala da glandar adrenal. Amma saboda wata matsala a wani wuri a jiki, glandar adrenal tana motsawa a martanin da take bayarwa kuma tana samar da ƙarin aldosterone.
Su waye wannan yanayin ya fi shafa?
Wannan yanayin yawanci yana shafar mutane tsakanin shekaru 30 zuwa 50. Bincike ya kuma nuna cewa wannan yanayin ya ɗan fi yawa a cikin mata fiye da maza.
Wasu bincike sun nuna cewa tsakanin kashi 5% zuwa 10% na mutanen da ke da hawan jini na iya kamuwa da cutar hyperaldosteronism ta farko. Masana sun yi imanin cewa kusan kashi 25% na mutanen da ke fama da hawan jini da ba sa shan magani na iya kamuwa da wannan cuta.
Menene alamun wannan?
A wasu lokutan, idan yanayin ya yi sauƙi sosai, ba za a iya samun wata alama ba kwata-kwata. Duk da haka, mutane da yawa suna samun alamun.
Babban kuma mafi yawan alamun da ake gani a wannan yanayin shine hawan jini (hawan jini) , musamman hawan jini wanda yake da wahalar sarrafawa koda da amfani da magunguna da yawa.
Sauran alamomin suna faruwa ne sakamakon abubuwa biyu: hawan jini da ƙarancin sinadarin potassium a cikin jini (Hypokalemia). Bari mu raba waɗannan alamomin a sarari.
| Dalili | Alamomin da ka iya faruwa |
|---|---|
| Alamomin Hawan Jini |
|
| Alamomin Rashin Potassium a Jini |
|
Ka tuna, ba kowa ne ke da waɗannan halaye ba. Wasu mutane suna iya samun ɗaya ko biyu kawai daga cikinsu.
Me yasa wannan yanayin na hyperaldosteronism ke faruwa?
Kamar yadda muka tattauna a baya, dalilan wannan sun bambanta dangane da manyan nau'ikan guda biyu.
Dalilan Babban Hyperaldosteronism
Matsalar a nan tana cikin glandar adrenal kanta.
- Mafi yawan sanadin: Mafi yawan lokuta, wannan yana faruwa ne sakamakon ciwon daji wanda ba na ciwon daji ba (adrenal adenoma) wanda ke tasowa a cikin glandar adrenal. Wannan ba ciwon daji ba ne, don haka babu abin damuwa. Wannan ciwon yana samar da hormone aldosterone da yawa.
- Sauran dalilai marasa wuya:
- Faɗaɗa glandar adrenal guda ɗaya kawai (wanda ake kira da unilateral adrenal hyperplasia).
- Samar da aldosterone ta hanyar ciwon daji (adrenal cortical carcinoma) (wannan ba kasafai ake samunsa ba).
- Wani yanayi na kwayoyin halitta wanda ake yadawa ta hanyar tsararraki (familial hyperaldosteronism).
Dalilan Hyperaldosteronism na Biyu
A nan glandar adrenal tana da lafiya. Amma ana motsa su saboda wani dalili. Babban dalilin shine raguwar jinin da ke shiga kodan .
Domin fahimtar wannan, muna buƙatar sanin wani abu game da wani tsari mai ban sha'awa a jikinmu wanda ke sarrafa hawan jini. Ana kiransa Tsarin Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone .
Ka yi tunanin wannan a matsayin hanyar sarka:
1. Idan hawan jininmu ya faɗi ko kuma matakin sodium ɗin jininmu ya faɗi, kodanmu suna jin hakan.
2. Sannan kodan suna fitar da wani enzyme da ake kira "renin" cikin jini.
3. Wannan renin yana canza wani furotin da ake kira "Angiotensinogen", wanda hanta ke samarwa, zuwa "Angiotensin I".
4. Na gaba, wannan angiotensin I ya zama "Angiotensin II".
5. A ƙarshe, wannan angiotensin II ne ke ƙara hawan jini ta hanyar takura jijiyoyin jini da kuma ƙarfafa glandar adrenal don samar da aldosterone.
Yanzu, a cikin hyperaldosteronism na biyu, abin da ke faruwa shi ne saboda wani yanayi na lafiya, adadin jinin da ke zuwa kodan yana raguwa. Sai kodan su yi kuskuren tunanin cewa matsin lamba a jiki ya yi ƙasa. Don haka, kodan suna neman taimako kuma wannan amsawar sarkar ta fara. Sakamakon haka, suna samar da ƙarin hormone aldosterone, lokacin da babu buƙatar hakan.
Yanayi da ke rage yawan jini zuwa kodan kuma ke haifar da hyperaldosteronism na biyu:
- Ciwon jijiyoyin koda mai toshewa.
- Yanayi da ke haifar da taruwar ruwa a jiki, kamar gazawar zuciya.
- Ciwon hanta.
- Ciwon Nephrotic, ciwon koda.
Ta yaya likita zai gano wannan yanayin?
Idan ka gaya wa likitanka game da alamun cutar, musamman hawan jini wanda ba a sarrafa shi da magani ba, zai iya zargin wannan yanayin. Sannan, za su iya yin odar gwaje-gwaje da dama don tabbatar da hakan.
1. Gwaje-gwajen jini:
- Idan wani gwajin jini na yau da kullun na electrolyte ya nuna ƙaramin matakin sodium (Hypernatremia) da ƙarancin matakan potassium (Hypokalemia) , zato yana ƙaruwa.
- Na gaba, akwai gwaje-gwajen jini guda biyu da za a iya amfani da su don gano wannan yanayin: Rage yawan sinadarin jini a cikin jini (PRC) ko kuma Rage yawan sinadarin jini a cikin jini (PRA) .
- Idan kana da Primary Hyperaldosteronism, matakan renin (PRC da PRA) zasu yi ƙasa da yadda aka saba.
- Idan kana da hyperaldosteronism na sakandare , matakan renin ɗinka zasu fi girma fiye da yadda aka saba.
2. Gwajin Matsi na Aldosterone:
- Wannan gwajin ya ƙunshi ba ku ƙarin sodium (gishiri) na tsawon lokaci. Zai iya zama maganin da kuka sha ta baki ko kuma maganin saline da kuka bayar a cikin jijiya.
- Sannan, ana tattara fitsarinka tsawon awanni 24 sannan a auna adadin aldosterone a cikin wannan fitsarin.
- A cikin mutum mai lafiya, yawan shan sinadarin sodium yana rage samar da aldosterone a jiki. Duk da haka, a cikin mutumin da ke da hyperaldosteronism, wannan ba ya faruwa.
3. Gwaje-gwajen Hoto:
- Idan gwaje-gwajen jini sun tabbatar da cewa kana da hyperaldosteronism na farko, likitanka zai yi odar gwaji kamar CT scan (Computed Tomography scan) don gano musabbabin. Wannan zai iya duba ciwon da ke kan glandar adrenal.
Menene hanyoyin magance wannan?
Maganin ya dogara ne da dalilin wannan yanayin. Duk da haka, babban burin shine a daidaita hawan jinin mutum.
- Ga hyperaldosteronism na farko wanda ciwon daji ya haifar:
Sau da yawa, likitoci suna ba da shawarar cire ciwon da kuma glandar da ke da alaƙa da shi ta hanyar tiyata.Yawan hawan jini da sinadarin potassium a jikin mutane yana komawa daidai bayan wannan tiyatar. Duk da haka, wasu mutane na iya ci gaba da kamuwa da hawan jini bayan tiyata, kuma za su buƙaci ci gaba da shan magunguna.
- Ga wasu dalilai da hyperaldosteronism na biyu:
A irin waɗannan yanayi, magani yana da amfani da magani . Haka kuma, idan yanayi ne na biyu, yana da mahimmanci a magance cutar da ke haifar da ita (misali, cututtukan zuciya).
Wasu daga cikin magungunan da aka fi amfani da su don wannan dalili sune:
- Spironolactone (Spironolactone – Aldactone®)
- Eplerenone (Eplerenone – Inspra®)
- Amiloride (Amiloride – Midamor®)
Waɗannan magunguna, musamman waɗanda ke toshe tasirin aldosterone, kamar Spironolactone, na iya haifar da wasu illa ga maza idan aka yi amfani da su na dogon lokaci. Misali, matsalar rashin ƙarfin mazakuta da kuma girman nono (gynecomastia). Idan kun fuskanci ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan alamun, kada ku yi jinkirin yin magana da likitan ku game da shi.
Me zai faru bayan magani? Kuma menene matsalolin?
Hasashen wannan yanayin, wato, yanayin da zai faru a nan gaba, ya dogara ne da dalilin.
Yawanci ana iya jure wa babban ciwon aldosteronism idan aka gano shi da wuri kuma aka yi masa magani yadda ya kamata . A cikin ciwon aldosteronism na sakandare, sakamakon ya dogara ne akan ko za a iya shawo kan matsalar da ke haifar da ita.
Manyan matsalolin da ka iya faruwa a wannan yanayin hawan jini ne ke haifar da shi na dogon lokaci. Waɗannan matsaloli ne masu tsanani da suka shafi tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini.
| Babban matsaloli masu yiwuwa |
|---|
| Atrial fibrillation (bugun zuciya mara kyau) |
| Haɓakar ventricle na hagu (faɗaɗa ventricle na hagu na zuciya) |
| Ciwon zuciya |
| bugun jini |
Saboda haka, yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a kula da hawan jini yadda ya kamata.
Za a iya hana wannan yanayi?
A mafi yawan lokuta, babu abin da za mu iya yi don hana wannan yanayin faruwa. Domin canje-canje da ke faruwa a cikin jikinmu suna faruwa ne. Amma mafi kyawun abu shine da zarar an gano cutar, ana iya magance ta kuma ana iya hana ta.
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- Idan kana fuskantar matsala wajen rage hawan jininka duk da amfani da magunguna da dama, ka tabbata ka gaya wa likitanka game da hakan.
- Hyperaldosteronism cuta ce da ke faruwa sakamakon yawan samar da hormone aldosterone.
- Wannan na iya zama na farko (matsala tare da glandar kanta) ko na biyu (saboda wata cuta).
- Ana iya gano wannan yanayin daidai ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen jini na musamman da kuma duban jini.
- Dangane da dalilin, ana iya magance shi cikin nasara ta hanyar tiyata ko magani.
- Mafi kyawun ɓangaren shine cewa wannan cuta ce da za a iya magancewa. Don haka, idan kuna da wata shakka game da wannan, ba a taɓa makara ba don neman shawarar likita.
Hyperaldosteronism, aldosterone, glandar adrenal, ciwon Conn, hawan jini, hawan jini, matsin lamba, potassium, sodium, kodan, hormones
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