Shin kana yawan kamuwa da mura da tari? Ko kuma kana yawan samun matsalolin ciki ko matsalolin fata? Wani lokaci wannan na iya faruwa ne lokacin da tsarin yaƙi da cututtuka na jikinmu, wato, tsarin garkuwar jiki, ya ɗan yi rauni. Don haka a yau muna magana ne game da wani muhimmin gwaji da ake yi don tantance matsayin wannan garkuwar jiki daidai. Wannan shine gwajin Immunoglobulin.
Menene wannan Immunoglobulin?
A taƙaice dai, wannan abu ne mai sauƙin fahimta. Ka yi tunanin cewa jikinmu kamar ƙasa ne. To, maƙiyan su ne ƙwayoyin cuta kamar ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta da ke fitowa daga waje. Don yaƙi da waɗannan maƙiyan, muna da ƙungiyar sojoji na musamman a jikinmu. Waɗannan sojoji ana kiransu da ƙwayoyin rigakafi .
Waɗannan ƙwayoyin rigakafi su ne abin da muke kira 'Immunoglobulins' a likitanci. Ana yin waɗannan ta ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin tsarin garkuwar jikinmu. Don haka wannan gwajin Immunoglobulin yana auna adadin waɗannan ƙwayoyin rigakafi, ko 'sojoji', da kuke da su a jikinku.
Saboda wasu cututtuka, adadin Immunoglobulin a jikinmu na iya ƙaruwa ba tare da wani dalili ba , kuma wani lokacin ma yana raguwa fiye da yadda ake buƙata .
- Idan matakan immunoglobulin sun yi ƙasa: Za ku iya kamuwa da cututtuka, musamman cututtuka.
- Idan an ƙara yawan immunoglobulin: Yana iya nufin cewa kana da alerji, ko kuma cewa tsarin garkuwar jikinka yana aiki fiye da kima.
Mene ne manyan nau'ikan immunoglobulin?
Akwai nau'ikan immunoglobulins da dama a jikinmu. Kowanne nau'i yana da aiki daban-daban. Bari mu dubi manyan nau'ikan.
| Nau'in Immunoglobulin | Kawai a ce... |
|---|---|
| Immunoglobulin A (IgA) | Ana samun waɗannan ƙwayoyin rigakafi galibi a cikin mucous membranes na huhu, sinuses, da hanji. Haka kuma ana samun su a cikin ruwa kamar yau da hawaye. Su ne abin da ke kare mu daga ƙwayoyin cuta da ke shiga waɗannan wurare. |
| Immunoglobulin G (IgG) | Wannan shine 'soja mai ƙwarewa' wanda ya fi yawa a cikin jininmu da sauran ruwan jikinmu. Yana da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya mai kyau. Idan ƙwayar cuta da ta taɓa shiga jiki ta dawo, tana gane shi kuma tana kai masa hari da sauri. Kamar 'ƙwaƙwalwa' ne. Likitoci suna gwada wannan matakin IgG don gano ko kun taɓa kamuwa da wani ƙwayar cuta a baya. |
| Immunoglobulin M (IgM) | Idan sabon ƙwayar cuta ya shiga jiki, waɗannan sojojin IgM su ne farkon waɗanda za su zo yaƙin. Su ne farkon layin kariyarmu. Lokacin da ƙwayar cuta ta shiga jiki, waɗannan matakan IgM suna ƙaruwa na ɗan lokaci, sannan yayin da matakan IgG ke ƙaruwa, matakan IgM suna raguwa kuma. |
| Immunoglobulin E (IgE) | Wannan ya ɗan bambanta. Wannan matakin IgE yana ƙaruwa ne lokacin da jikinmu ya mayar da martani mara kyau ga abubuwan da ba su da lahani, kamar pollen, ƙura, da wasu abinci (wato, lokacin da rashin lafiyan ya faru). Wannan matakin IgE tabbas ana auna shi a gwajin jini don ganin ko kuna da rashin lafiyan. |
Me yasa likita zai ba da shawarar wannan gwajin?
Akwai dalilai da dama da yasa likitanka zai iya yin odar wannan gwajin. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman idan kana yawan kamuwa da cuta.
Ana ba da shawarar wannan gwajin gabaɗaya a cikin waɗannan yanayi:
- Idan kana yawan samun matsalolin sinus, kamuwa da cutar huhu, kamuwa da cutar ciki ko hanji .
- Idan kana da gudawa wanda zai daɗe yana ɗaukar lokaci.
- Idan kana rage kiba ba tare da wani dalili ba.
- Idan kana da zazzabi mai tsanani wanda ba za a iya bayyana shi ta wata dalili ba.
- Idan akwai kuraje daban-daban na fata .
- Idan kana zargin kana da alerji .
- Idan ka yi rashin lafiya bayan ka dawo daga dogon tafiya.
- Don lura da cututtuka kamar HIV/AIDS ko Multiple Myeloma (wani nau'in ciwon daji).
Ta yaya ake yin wannan gwajin Immunoglobulin?
Likitoci kan yi gwajin dukkan ukun tare: IgA, IgG, da IgM don su fahimci garkuwar jikinka.
Babban hanyar yin hakan ita ce a ɗauki samfurin jini .Kamar yadda muke yawan bayar da jini don gwaji. A dakin gwaje-gwaje (masana kimiyyar dakin gwaje-gwaje), suna ɗaukar ƙaramin samfurin jini daga jijiyar hannu a hannunka su aika shi dakin gwaje-gwaje. Ba wani babban abu bane, ba abin damuwa bane.
Amma, a lokuta na musamman, idan likita yana son gwada ruwan da ke kewaye da kwakwalwa da kashin baya, wanda ake kira cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) , yana amfani da wata hanya daban. Ana kiran wannan hudawar lumbar (wani lokacin ana kiranta 'spinal tap'). Ana yin wannan a asibiti. Ana ba ku magani mai rage radadi don rage radadi, kuma ana ɗaukar ƙaramin samfurin ruwa daga ƙasan bayanku.
Me rahotona yake nufi?
Bayan aika samfurin zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje, zai iya ɗaukar kwanaki kaɗan kafin rahoton ya iso.
Muhimmin abu shine ba za ka iya cewa 100% kana da wata cuta ba kawai saboda ƙimar da ke cikin rahotonka ta yi ƙasa ko sama. Wannan kawai yana ba da ra'ayi mai tsauri.
Likitan ku zai iya yin odar wasu gwaje-gwaje tare da wannan rahoton, kamar Cikakken Kididdigar Blood (CBC) , gwajin jinin furotin , ko gwajin fitsari don duba aikin koda.
Bari mu ga menene dalilan gama gari da yasa waɗannan dabi'un ke hawa da sauka.
| Abubuwan da ke haifar da ƙaruwar matakan immunoglobulin | |
|---|---|
| Rashin lafiyan jiki | Cututtuka masu tsanani |
| Cututtukan garkuwar jiki - misali Rheumatoid Arthritis, Lupus, Cutar Celiac | Cutar hanta |
| Ciwon hanji mai kumburi | Nau'ikan ciwon daji - misali: Multiple Myeloma, Lymphoma, Leukemia |
| Abubuwan da ke iya haifar da raguwar matakan immunoglobulin | |
|---|---|
| Wasu magunguna da ke raunana tsarin garkuwar jiki (misali steroids) | Matsalolin da ke tattare da ciwon sukari |
| Ciwon koda ko gazawar koda | Rashin lafiyar garkuwar jiki da aka haifa ko aka samu (misali HIV/AIDS ) |
Saboda haka, maimakon yin gaggawar yanke shawara da kanka game da abin da ke cikin rahotonka, ka tabbata ka yi magana da likitan da ya duba ka. Zai duba alamun cutar da duk sauran rahotannin gwaje-gwajen kuma ya gaya maka ainihin abin da kake buƙatar yi da kuma matakan da za ka ɗauka a gaba.
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- Immunoglobulin wani nau'in rigakafi ne wanda yake kama da soja a jikinmu wanda ke yaƙi da cututtuka.
- Wannan gwajin na iya zama da mahimmanci idan kuna yawan kamuwa da cuta, ko kuna da rashin lafiyan jiki, ko kuma idan kuna zargin cewa garkuwar jikinku ba ta da ƙarfi.
- Wannan gwajin yana duba matakan nau'ikan ƙwayoyin rigakafi daban-daban, kamar IgA, IgG, IgM, da IgE.
- Ƙananan ƙima ko babba a cikin rahoton na iya faruwa ne saboda dalilai daban-daban. Kada ku ɗauka cewa akwai rashin lafiya kai kaɗai.
- Likitan ku ne kawai zai iya ba ku cikakken bayani da ƙarin shawara game da sakamakon gwajin ku, don haka ku tabbata kun haɗu da shi ko ita.
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