Menene garkuwar jiki? Me yasa jikinmu yake juya mana baya?

Shin kun taɓa jin labarin cewa tsarin tsaron jikinmu, sojojin da ake tsammanin za su kare mu daga cututtuka, wani lokacin suna yin rashin da'a da kuma kai mana hari? Abin mamaki ne, ko ba haka ba? Amma gaskiya ne. Kamar kare mai gadi a gidanmu bai gane mu ba kuma ya zo ya cije mu. Wannan shine abin da ake kira garkuwar jiki a magani. Bari mu yi magana game da wannan ta hanya mai sauƙi, mai sauƙin fahimta a yau.

Menene Tsarin Garkuwar Jiki - babban mai kare jikinmu?

A taƙaice dai, tsarin garkuwar jikinmu kamar rundunar sojoji ne a cikin jikinmu. Wannan rundunar tana da sojoji daban-daban. Wato, ta ƙunshi gabobin jiki na musamman, nau'ikan ƙwayoyin halitta daban-daban (musamman fararen ƙwayoyin jini), da kuma sunadaran kamar ƙwayoyin rigakafi .

Babban aikinsu shine gano maƙiya da ke shiga jiki daga waje. Wato:

• Bacteria
• ƙwayoyin cuta
• Fungi
• Wasu ƙwayoyin cuta da abubuwan waje

Da zarar an gano waɗannan maƙiyan, garkuwar jikinmu tana kai hari ta lalata su. Ko kuma tana raunana ƙarfinsu. Shi ya sa ba ma yawan yin rashin lafiya. Ko da mun yi rashin lafiya, wannan garkuwar jiki ce ke taimaka mana mu murmure da sauri. Shin wannan tsari a jikinmu ba abin mamaki ba ne?

To, menene wannan rudani game da garkuwar jiki?

Yanzu ka yi tunanin, rundunar tsaronmu, tsarin garkuwar jiki, tana fara kai hari ga sojojinta, ƙwayoyin halitta masu lafiya da kyallen jikinmu, saboda ƙaramin kuskure. Wannan shine abin da muke kira garkuwar jiki . "Auto" yana nufin "kai." "Kariya" yana nufin rigakafi. Don haka ka fahimta, wannan shine inda garkuwar jikinka ke kai hari ga kanta.

Wannan kamar sojoji ne, waɗanda ake tsammanin za su kare ƙasar, suna harbin mutane marasa laifi ba bisa ƙa'ida ba a ƙasarsu. Abin da ke faruwa shi ne cewa sassan jikinmu suna lalacewa a hankali.

Abin da ke faruwa a cikin wannan ba wai tsarin garkuwar jiki ya raunana ba ne, amma yana ɓacewa. Wato, ba zai iya bambance tsakanin "kai" da "baƙo ba." Sakamakon haka, yana fara samar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi , ko, bari mu ce, "makamai marasa fahimta," a kan sassan jikinsa, yana tunanin cewa su "maƙiya ne." Muna kuma kiran waɗannan ƙwayoyin rigakafi masu sarrafa kansu .

Me yasa hakan ke faruwa da jikinmu? Menene dalilan?

Har yanzu ba a san ainihin musabbabin waɗannan cututtukan da ke haifar da garkuwar jiki ba, amma masana kimiyya sun yi imanin cewa haɗuwar abubuwa na iya taka rawa.

• Tsarin Halittar Halitta: Idan wasu mutane suna da irin wannan yanayi a cikin iyalansu, suna iya samun damar haifar da su. Wannan yana nufin cewa kwayoyin halittarmu na iya ba mu ɗan ƙarfafawa. Amma ba za a iya cewa yana tasowa ne kawai saboda kwayoyin halittar ba.
• Abubuwan da ke haifar da muhalli: Wani lokaci abubuwa a muhallinmu, kamar kamuwa da cuta, wasu magunguna, shan taba, ko kuma yawan damuwa, na iya haifar da "gwaji na farko" na amsawar garkuwar jiki. Wannan yana nufin cewa wanda ke da yanayin kwayoyin halitta yana iya kamuwa da wannan yanayin idan ya fuskanci wani abu kamar wannan.
• Hormones: Wasu cututtukan da ke shafar garkuwar jiki sun fi yawa a cikin mata, don haka ana tsammanin cewa hormones na mata suna taka rawa.
• Wasu cututtuka: Akwai kuma wata ka'ida cewa bayan wasu cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta, tsarin garkuwar jiki yana ɗan aiki, kuma wannan yanayin na iya farawa.

Abu mafi mahimmanci shine wannan ba cuta ce mai yaɗuwa ba. Wannan yana nufin ba za a iya yaɗa ta daga mutum zuwa mutum ba, ko ta hanyar taɓawa ko raba abinci da abin sha. Haka kuma, ba laifinka ba ne.

Waɗanne nau'ikan cututtukan da ke haifar da garkuwar jiki? Bari mu duba wasu misalai.

An ce akwai nau'ikan cututtukan da ke shafar garkuwar jiki sama da 80. Wasu sanannu ne, wasu kuma ba a san su sosai ba. Waɗannan cututtukan na iya shafar kusan kowace ɓangare na jiki. Bari mu dubi wasu daga cikin misalan da aka fi sani.

• Ciwon Suga Nau'i Na 1: A cikin wannan, tsarin garkuwar jikinmu yana lalata ƙwayoyin da ke cikin pancreas waɗanda ke samar da hormone insulin . Insulin yana da mahimmanci don sarrafa matakan sukari na jikinmu. Don haka lokacin da aka lalata waɗannan ƙwayoyin, ba a sake samar da insulin ba.
• Rheumatoid Arthritis: A wannan yanayin, garkuwar jikinmu tana kai hari ga gidajen. Gabobin suna kumbura, suna tauri, kuma suna ciwo. Bayan lokaci, siffar gidajen na iya canzawa.
• Lupus (SLE - Tsarin Lupus Erythematosus): Lupus cuta ce mai rikitarwa wacce ke shafar ba kawai yanki ɗaya na jiki ba, har ma da tsarin gabobin jiki da yawa, kamar fata, haɗin gwiwa, kodan, kwakwalwa, da zuciya.
• Multiple Sclerosis (MS): A cikin wannan cuta, tsarin garkuwar jiki yana kai hari ga murfin kariya (myelin sheath) a kusa da zaruruwan jijiyoyi a cikin kwakwalwa da kashin baya. Wannan yana haifar da matsaloli wajen aika saƙonni ta hanyar jijiyoyi.
• Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: A cikin wannan yanayin, tsarin garkuwar jiki yana kai hari ga glandar thyroid, wani gland mai siffar malam buɗe ido a wuyanmu. Wannan yana haifar da raguwar samar da hormones na thyroid, wanda ke haifar da hypothyroidism.
• Cutar Graves: Wannan kuma cuta ce da ke shafar glandar thyroid. Duk da haka, a wannan yanayin, glandar thyroid tana yin aiki fiye da kima kuma tana samar da sinadarin thyroid da yawa (hyperthyroidism).
• Ciwon hanji mai kumburi (IBD):Wannan ya haɗa da cututtuka kamar Crohn's Disease da Ulcerative Colitis, waɗanda ke haifar da kumburi na tsarin narkewar abinci na yau da kullun, musamman hanji.

Waɗannan kaɗan ne daga cikin misalan. Alamomi da illolin kowace ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan cututtuka sun bambanta.

Mene ne alamomin wannan yanayin da aka saba gani?

Alamomin cutar garkuwar jiki ta bambanta sosai dangane da nau'in cutar da kuma wani ɓangare na jikin da take fama da shi. Duk da haka, akwai wasu alamu da ake iya gani a cikin cututtuka da yawa na garkuwar jiki.

• Gajiya da gajiya akai-akai: Jin gajiya duk da barci mai kyau.
• Ciwon gaɓɓai, kumburi, da tauri.
• Matsalolin fata: Kuraje daban-daban, jajayen fata, wani lokacin tabo masu siffar malam buɗe ido a fuska (kamar a cikin lupus).
• Ciwon ciki ko matsalolin narkewar abinci.
• Zazzaɓi mai tsanani mai tsanani.
• Kumburin lymph.
• Jin kasala a gaɓoɓi ko kuma jin kamar tururuwa sun mamaye su.
• Asarar gashi.

Kawai saboda kana da ɗaya ko biyu daga cikin waɗannan alamomin ba yana nufin kana da cutar garkuwar jiki ba. Waɗannan kuma na iya faruwa ne saboda wasu dalilai masu sauƙi. Amma idan waɗannan alamomin suka ci gaba ko suka tsananta, ya fi kyau ka ga likita don neman shawara.

Wani abu kuma shi ne cewa alamun waɗannan cututtukan da ke haifar da garkuwar jiki na iya bayyana ba zato ba tsammani (fashewar numfashi) sannan su ragu na ɗan lokaci (gyaran jiki). Saboda haka, ko da ana karɓar magani, cutar na iya ta'azzara ba zato ba tsammani.

Ta yaya likita ke gano cutar da ke da alaƙa da garkuwar jiki (autoimmune)? (Gano cutar)

Gano cutar da ke da alaƙa da garkuwar jiki wani lokacin yana da ɗan rikitarwa saboda alamun ba su da tabbas kuma suna kama da sauran cututtuka.

Yawanci, likita zai yi abubuwa kamar haka:

1. Za a tambaye ku cikakkun bayanai: waɗanne alamomi kuke da su, tsawon lokacin da kuka yi suna da su, da kuma ko akwai wani a cikin iyalinku da ya taɓa samun irin wannan rashin lafiya.

2. Yana yin gwajin jiki: Yana duba jiki.

3. Gwajin jini: Waɗannan suna da matuƙar muhimmanci.

• Gwaje-gwaje kamar ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate) da CRP (C-Reactive Protein) don duba kumburi a jiki.
• Gwaje-gwajen da ke neman takamaiman ƙwayoyin rigakafi na autoantibodies , wato, ƙwayoyin rigakafi da ake samarwa a jikinmu. Misali, gwajin ANA (Antinuclear Antibody) . Idan wannan ya tabbata, ana zargin akwai wata cuta ta autoantibodies.
• Akwai kuma gwaje-gwaje na musamman na rigakafi don wasu cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da garkuwar jiki.

4. Wasu gwaje-gwaje: Wani lokacin ana yin X-ray, scanning, da sauransu, ya danganta da gabar da abin ya shafa.Ana iya yin gwaje-gwajen hoto ko biopsy (wanda ya haɗa da ɗaukar ƙaramin yanki na nama da duba shi a ƙarƙashin na'urar hangen nesa).

Bayan yin duk wannan, likitan ya yanke shawara.

Akwai magani don wannan? Yadda ake sarrafa shi? (Magani & Gudanarwa)

Duk da cewa ba za a iya warkar da cututtuka da yawa na garkuwar jiki gaba ɗaya ba, akwai magunguna masu inganci waɗanda za su iya taimakawa wajen shawo kan cutar, rage alamun cutar, da kuma sauƙaƙa rayuwa. Manyan manufofin magani sune:

• Rage alamun cutar: Sarrafa abubuwa kamar ciwo, kumburi, da gajiya.
• Sarrafa hanyoyin garkuwar jiki: Dakatar da ko rage harin da garkuwar jiki ke kaiwa kan jikinta.
• Kare ikon jiki na yaƙar cututtuka na gaske: Sarrafa tsarin garkuwar jiki gwargwadon yadda ya kamata, ba tare da rage shi da yawa ba.
• Rage ko hana lalacewar gaɓoɓi.

Ana amfani da waɗannan a matsayin magunguna:

• Magungunan rage kumburi: Magungunan rage zafi kamar NSAIDs (Magungunan rage kumburi marasa steroidal) suna rage zafi da kumburi.
• Corticosteroids: Misali, Prednisolone. Waɗannan na iya sarrafa tsarin garkuwar jiki da kumburi cikin sauri. Duk da haka, suna iya haifar da illa idan aka yi amfani da su na dogon lokaci, don haka ya kamata a sha su ne kawai kamar yadda likita ya umarta.
• Magungunan rage garkuwar jiki: Waɗannan magunguna suna aiki ta hanyar rage ayyukan garkuwar jiki, suna hana shi lalata jikinka. Ya kamata a yi amfani da su a ƙarƙashin kulawar likita.
• Magungunan halittu: Waɗannan sabbin magunguna ne, waɗanda aka yi niyya don magance cutar ta hanyar shafar takamaiman sassan garkuwar jiki kawai. Waɗannan na iya ɗan fi tsada.
• Takamaiman jiyya ga alamun cutar: Misali, ciwon suga yana buƙatar insulin. Za a iya magance ciwon gaɓɓai ta hanyar amfani da physiotherapy.

Baya ga magunguna, canje-canje a salon rayuwa suma suna da matukar muhimmanci:

• Abinci mai gina jiki: abinci mai gina jiki da abin sha.
• Motsa jiki akai-akai: Kamar yadda ya dace da jiki.
• Gudanar da damuwa: Abubuwa kamar tunani da yoga.
• Samun isasshen barci.
• A guji shan taba.

Game da rayuwa tare da yanayin autoimmune

Abu ne na al'ada a ji baƙin ciki da tsoro idan aka ji cewa kana da cutar da ke shafar garkuwar jiki, domin da yawa daga cikinsu cututtuka ne masu tsanani, ma'ana suna daɗewa.

Amma ka tuna, ba kai kaɗai ba ne. Miliyoyin mutane a faɗin duniya suna rayuwa cikin nasara da waɗannan yanayi.

Abu mafi mahimmanci shine:

• Ka kasance mai kyakkyawar alaƙa da likitanka. Ka je asibitoci kamar yadda aka tsara, ka sha magungunanka kamar yadda aka rubuta maka, sannan ka gaya wa likitanka idan kana da wasu tambayoyi.
• Ka ilmantar da kanka game da rashin lafiyarka. Sannan za ka fahimci yadda za ka rayu da ita.
• Nemi tallafi daga dangi da abokai. Ka gaya musu game da halin da kake ciki.
• Haka kuma babban taimako ne idan za ka iya shiga ƙungiyoyin tallafi tare da mutanen da ke cikin irin wannan yanayi.
• Ka fahimci cewa akwai lokutan ƙaruwar alamun cutar (fashewar numfashi) da kuma lokutan raguwar alamun cutar (rangwame). Ka shirya don wannan tun da wuri.
• Ka kula da lafiyar kwakwalwarka kuma. Ka nemi shawara idan ya zama dole.

A ƙarshe, abubuwan da za a tuna (Saƙon Ɗauka Gida)

To, bari mu sake duba muhimman abubuwan da suka shafi garkuwar jiki da muka yi magana a kai a yau.

• Rigakafin Kai (Autoimmune) yana faruwa ne lokacin da garkuwar jikinmu ta kai hari kan ƙwayoyin halittarmu da kyallen jikinmu bisa kuskure.
• Wannan ba laifinka ba ne, kuma ba wani abu da ka yi ba ne. Kuma ba cuta ce mai yaɗuwa ba.
• Akwai nau'ikan cututtukan da ke shafar garkuwar jiki iri-iri, waɗanda za su iya shafar sassa daban-daban na jiki.
• Alamomin na iya bambanta kuma ba su da tabbas. Idan kana cikin shakku ko kuma idan alamun suka ci gaba, yana da kyau a nemi shawarar likita.
• Duk da cewa ba za a iya warkar da cututtuka da dama da ke ɗauke da garkuwar jiki gaba ɗaya ba, akwai magunguna masu inganci waɗanda za su iya sarrafa alamun cutar da kuma inganta rayuwar mutane.
• Yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a gano cutar da wuri kuma a ci gaba da samun magani mai kyau.
• Ba kai kaɗai ba ne ke cikin wannan tafiya. Da shawarwarin likita da goyon bayan da suka dace, za ka iya rayuwa cikin ƙoshin lafiya da wannan yanayin.

Idan kuna da wasu tambayoyi game da wannan, kada ku ji tsoron yin magana da likitan iyali ko ƙwararre.

` Kariyar Kai, Tsarin Jiki, Cututtukan Kai, Cututtukan Kai, Tsarin Jiki, Lafiyar Sri Lanka, Labarin Lafiyar Sinhala