Ƙananan masu mulkin jikinmu: Shin za mu yi magana ne kawai game da ƙwayoyin halittar chromosomes?

Sannu! Yaya kike? A yau za mu yi magana game da wani abu mai ban mamaki da muhimmanci wanda ke cikin jikinmu, amma ba ma yin tunani sosai a kai. Shin kin taɓa yin mamakin dalilin da yasa launin idonki yake kama da na mahaifiyarki, ko kuma launin gashinki yana kama da na mahaifinki? Wataƙila wani ya ma ce murmushinki yana kama da na surukarki, ko ba haka ba? Kwayoyin halittar jiki wani abu ne da ke da alaƙa da duk waɗannan, kuma ana samun su a cikin kowane ƙaramin sashe na jikinmu. Ko da yake sunan yana iya yin kama da babban abu, kada ki damu, wannan abu ne da za a iya fahimta cikin sauƙi. Bari mu yi magana a kai a yau, kamar yin magana da aboki.

Menene ainihin waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta? Bari mu fara a can!

Ka yi tunanin jikinka gaba ɗaya a matsayin babban gida mai kyau. Wannan gidan an yi shi da biliyoyin ƙananan tubalan. Ba za mu iya ganin ko da bulo ɗaya ba, amma idan muka haɗa su wuri ɗaya, za mu iya yin babban gida. Haka nan, jikinmu an yi shi da ƙananan sassa marasa ganuwa. Waɗannan su ne abin da muke kira ƙwayoyin halitta . Waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta ƙanana ne har muna buƙatar kayan aiki na musamman, na'urar hangen nesa, don ganin su.

Ana samun waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta a fatarmu, zuciyarmu, kwakwalwarmu , idanunmu, da kuma ko'ina a jikinmu. Kamar kowane ɗaki da bango a gida an yi shi da tubali. Kowace ƙwayar halitta tana da nata aikin. Wasu ƙwayoyin halitta suna haɗuwa don yin fata, wasu kuma suna haɗuwa don yin zuciya . Shin ba abin mamaki ba ne?

To ina waɗannan ƙwayoyin halittar suke? Yaya suke kama?

To, yanzu mun san game da ƙwayoyin halitta. Ina nufin ƙananan sassan jikinmu masu kama da tubali. A cikin kowace ƙwayar halitta, akwai wuri mai mahimmanci, kamar ƙaramin aljihu ko kuma amintaccen ajiya a cikin ƙaramin ɗaki. Wannan shine abin da muke kira tsakiya a kimiyya. A taƙaice, shine cibiyar kula da ƙwayar halitta. A cikin wannan ƙwayar halitta, waɗannan abubuwan da ake kira chromosomes ana adana su.

Shin ka san yadda waɗannan suke? Suna kama da dogayen zare masu kama da zare . Ka yi tunanin ƙwallo mai kyau na zare, duk an haɗa su wuri ɗaya, an tsara su da kyau. Amma shin waɗannan ba kawai tarin zare ba ne? A cikinsu akwai jerin bayanai masu mahimmanci da umarni waɗanda suka dace da rayuwarmu gaba ɗaya, ga wanda muke.

Mene ne kwayoyin halitta a cikin chromosomes?

Yanzu mun san cewa ƙwayoyin halittar suna kama da zare a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta. Idan ka duba ƙwayar halittar guda ɗaya, akwai ɗaruruwa, wani lokacin dubbai, na ƙananan sassa mafi mahimmanci a ciki. Waɗannan ƙananan sassa sune muke kira kwayoyin halitta .

A taƙaice dai, idan chromosome babban littafi ne, kwayoyin halitta suna kama da surori, ko jimloli, ko kalmomi a cikin wannan littafin. Kowace kwayar halitta tana da umarni na musamman, ko saƙo, ko bayanai da aka rubuta wa jikinmu.

Ka yi tunanin kwayoyin halitta a matsayin matakan girke-girke na abinci mai daɗi. Kwayar halitta tana gaya maka launin da ya kamata idanunka su kasance, wani kuma yana gaya maka ko gashinka ya kamata ya kasance madaidaiciya ko lanƙwasa, wani kuma yana gaya maka tsawon da ya kamata ka kasance. Akwai dubban umarni kamar waɗannan a cikin waɗannan kwayoyin halitta.

To me ke faruwa da waɗannan kwayoyin halitta? Me yasa muke buƙatar su?

Waɗannan kwayoyin halitta sune babban abin da ke sa mu 'mu'. Wannan yana nufin cewa yawancin halayenmu na zahiri ana tantance su ne ta hanyar umarnin da muke samu daga waɗannan kwayoyin halitta. Duba waɗannan misalan:

• Launin idanunku (shuɗi, launin ruwan kasa, baƙi, launin toka).
• Launin gashinku da yanayinsa (baƙi, launin ruwan kasa, farin gashi; madaidaiciya, mai lanƙwasa, mai lanƙwasa).
• Launin fatarki .
• Ko kai dogo ne ko gajere gaba ɗaya ana tantance shi (ba shakka, abubuwa kamar abinci mai gina jiki suma suna taka rawa, amma ainihin tsarin shine kwayoyin halitta).
• Har ma da ƙananan abubuwa kamar ko an haɗa kunnenka ko a'a .
• Rashin lafiyarka ga wasu cututtuka , wato, ko kana da yiwuwar kamuwa da wasu cututtuka.

Dubban abubuwa irin wannan ana tantance su ne ta hanyar umarnin da muke samu daga kwayoyin halittarmu. Kamar manhajoji a kwamfuta, waɗannan kwayoyin halittar suna gaya wa jikinmu yadda ake yin hali da kuma yadda ake yin kowane aiki.

Misali, ka yi tunanin cewa abokinka Kasun yana da idanu masu launin ruwan kasa kamar mahaifiyarsa. Wannan ya faru ne saboda Kasun ya gaji kwayoyin halittar idanu masu launin ruwan kasa daga mahaifiyarsa. Duk da haka, gashin Kasun na iya zama baƙi mai duhu da lanƙwasa kamar na mahaifinsa. Wannan ya faru ne saboda ya gaji kwayoyin halittar daga mahaifinsa. Haka muke gadon halaye daga iyayenmu.

Kwayar halittarmu ta chromosome nawa muke da su? Daga ina suka fito?

Wannan batu ne mai matuƙar muhimmanci. Yawanci, kowace ƙwayar halitta a cikin mutum mai lafiya (banda wasu nau'ikan ƙwayoyin halitta na musamman, misali, ƙwayoyin jinsi) tana da nau'i-nau'i 23 na waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta. Ma'aurata na nufin akwai biyu daga cikinsu. Don haka idan aka haɗa su duka, akwai ƙwayoyin halitta 46 .

Ka yi tunanin kana da takalma masu kyau guda 23. A kowanne takalma, ɗaya daga mahaifiyarka ne, ɗayan kuma daga mahaifinka ne. Abu ne mai sauƙi, ko ba haka ba?

Wannan yana nufin, daga cikin ƙwayoyin halittar chromosome 46 da ka samu, daidai rabinsu, wato, 23, sun fito ne daga mahaifiyarka ƙaunatacce . Sauran rabin, wato, sauran ƙwayoyin halittar chromosome 23, sun fito ne daga ubanka ƙaunatacce . Wannan yana faruwa ne lokacin da aka haife mu, wato, ƙwayoyin halittar ƙwai daga ubanmu da ƙwayoyin halittar maniyyi daga ubanmu (A lokacin tattara ƙwayoyin maniyyi .

Wannan tsari ne mai kyau ta halitta. Ta wannan hanyar, muna karɓar ƙwayoyin halittar da ke ɗauke da kwayoyin halitta daga uwa da uba, shi ya sa wani lokacin muke kama da mahaifiyarmu, wani lokacin kamar mahaifinmu, wani lokacin kuma har ma da kyakkyawan haɗin duka biyun. Wani lokaci ma muna iya kama da kakanninmu, saboda waɗannan kwayoyin halittar an riga an watsa su daga tsara zuwa tsara .

Waɗannan ƙwayoyin halittar chromosome 46 suna nan a jikinka lokacin da aka haife ka, kuma suna tare da kai a tsawon rayuwarka, tun daga lokacin da kake jariri, zuwa lokacin da kake ƙarami, zuwa lokacin da ka tsufa. Su ne abin da ke jagorantar girman jikinka da ci gabansa, yana taimaka wa komai ya tafi daidai.

Shawarar ko jariri mace ce ko namiji shi ma yana da alaƙa da waɗannan ƙwayoyin halittar!

Mun ce akwai nau'i-nau'i 23 na chromosomes. Daga cikin waɗannan, nau'i-nau'i 22 galibi iri ɗaya ne a cikin jinsi biyu. Waɗannan su ne waɗanda ke sarrafa duk wasu halaye na zahiri (kamar tsayi, launin ido, da launin fata).

Amma na ƙarshe, ko na 23, na chromosomes yana da ɗan bambanci. Wannan nau'in yana ƙayyade ko mutum namiji ne ko mace. Shi ya sa likitoci wani lokacin suke kiran waɗannan chromosomes na jima'i .

Akwai nau'i biyu na waɗannan ƙwayoyin halittar jima'i. Ɗaya ana kiranta da ƙwayoyin halittar 'X' , ɗayan kuma ana kiranta da ƙwayoyin halittar 'Y' .

• Idan yarinya ce , tana da chromosomes guda biyu na X. Wannan shine abin da muke kira XX . Daga cikin waɗannan chromosomes guda biyu na X, ɗaya ta fito ne daga uwa ɗayan kuma daga uba.
• Idan yaro ne , yana da kwayar halittar X guda ɗaya da kwayar halittar Y guda ɗaya. Wannan shine abin da muke kira XY . A wannan yanayin, kwayar halittar X ta fito ne daga uwa kuma kwayar halittar Y ta fito ne daga uba.

Shin ka gani? Ana tantance jinsin jariri ta hanyar chromosome (X ko Y) da uba ya gada. Domin uwa za ta iya ba wa ɗanta X chromosome kawai. Uba zai iya ba wa ko dai X ko Y. Don haka idan uba ya gaji Y, namiji ne, kuma idan uba ya gaji X, mace ce. Shin wannan ma ba abin sha'awa ba ne?

Shin waɗannan ƙwayoyin halittar suna da mahimmanci a gare mu ko da bayan haihuwa?

Eh, babu shakka! Ko bayan an haife ka, waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta guda 46 suna ci gaba da aiki a cikin jikinka, kusan kowace ƙwayar halitta. Kana girma kaɗan kaɗan tun daga yarinta, tsayinka yana ƙaruwa, jikinka yana canzawa, farce da gashinka suna girma, kuma idan ka sami rauni, yana warkewa, duk wannan yana ƙarƙashin jagorancin kwayoyin halittar da ke cikin waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta.

Suna kama da tsarin gini da ake amfani da shi don gina gida . Jikinmu yana ci gaba da girma, gyarawa, da kuma kula da kansa kowace rana bisa ga wannan tsarin. Bayanan da ke cikin waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta sune ke sa sabbin ƙwayoyin halitta a jikinmu su girma.

Wani lokaci, ba kasafai ake samun waɗannan ƙwayoyin halittar ba, suna iya samun wasu canje-canje, rashi, ko ƙari. Wannan shine lokacin da wasu cututtukan kwayoyin halitta , kamar Down Syndrome , ke faruwa. Saboda haka, samun waɗannan ƙwayoyin halittar a cikin adadin da ya dace (wato, 46) kuma a cikin tsari mai kyau yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga lafiyarmu.

Amma babu buƙatar jin tsoron irin waɗannan abubuwa a kowane lokaci. Domin a mafi yawan lokuta, wannan tsari mai rikitarwa yana faruwa daidai kuma ta hanya mai ban mamaki. Ba zai zama laifi ba a kira wannan halitta mai ban mamaki ta yanayi.

To, menene saƙon da ya kamata mu tuna daga wannan labarin?

To, mun yi magana sosai game da chromosomes a yau, ko ba haka ba? Ina tsammanin kuna da kyakkyawan ra'ayi yanzu. A taƙaice, ga muhimman abubuwan da ya kamata a tuna:

• Kwayoyin halittar chromosomes ƙanana ne, masu kama da zare, amma suna da ƙarfi sosai da ake samu a cikin kusan kowace ƙwayar halitta a jikinmu.
• Waɗannan ƙwayoyin halittar suna ɗauke da dubban kwayoyin halitta. Waɗannan kwayoyin halittar suna ƙayyade halaye da yawa na zahiri, kamar launin idonmu, yanayin gashinmu, da tsayinmu.
• Duk muna da chromosomes 46 a cikin ƙwayoyin halittarmu, ko kuma nau'i-nau'i 23. Muna samun rabin waɗannan (23) daga mahaifiyarmu, sauran rabin kuma (23) daga mahaifinmu.
• Ko mu mace ne (XX) ko namiji (XY) ana tantance mu ta hanyar wani nau'i na musamman na waɗannan ƙwayoyin halittar, wato ƙwayoyin halittar jima'i.
• Waɗannan ƙwayoyin halittar suna ci gaba da jagorantar girman jikinmu, gyaransa, da kuma rayuwa mai kyau koda bayan an haife mu.

Kwayoyin halittar chromosomes ƙananan abubuwa ne masu ban mamaki waɗanda suka sa mu 'mu', tsarin jikinmu na asali, da kuma asalinmu. Sanin su ba wai kawai zai taimaka maka ka fahimci yadda jikinmu yake da tsari mai rikitarwa da ban mamaki ba, har ma zai taimaka maka ka kula da lafiyarka!

Don haka, lokaci na gaba da za ka kalli kanka a madubi, ka kalli idanunka, gashinka, launin fatarka, ka yi tunani game da murmushinka, ka tuna cewa a bayan duk wannan akwai ƙananan ƙwayoyin halittar da ka samo daga mahaifiyarka da mahaifinka, waɗanda aka rubuta da asalinka. Shin wannan ba wani abu ne na musamman ba?

` Chromosomes, Kwayoyin Halitta, Kwayoyin Halitta, Gado, Halayen Jiki, Halittar Halitta, Lafiya