Bari mu ƙara koyo game da lipoproteins, waɗanda suka ƙunshi kitse da furotin.

Shin kun taɓa mamakin yadda kitsen da ke cikin jikinmu (wanda kuma ake kira kitse idan muna magana) ke motsawa daga wani wuri zuwa wani? Lipoproteins ƙwayoyin cuta ne na musamman waɗanda ke taimakawa da wannan. A taƙaice dai, suna kama da ƙananan hanyoyin da ke ɗaukar abubuwa kamar kitse da cholesterol a cikin jikinmu zuwa inda suke buƙatar kasancewa ta cikin jini. Suna tafiya ta cikin jijiyoyin jininmu. Wasu lipoproteins suna da kyau ga zuciyarmu, amma wasu na iya haifar da ɗan matsala. Don haka, bari mu yi magana game da waɗannan lipoproteins ta hanya mai sauƙi da sauƙi, kamar komai.

Menene ainihin cholesterol da triglycerides?

Kafin mu yi magana game da lipoproteins, bari mu fahimci kaɗan game da waɗannan kalmomi guda biyu: cholesterol da triglycerides. Dukansu kitse ne mai kakin zuma da ake samu a cikin jininmu. Amma yadda jikinmu yake yin su da kuma yadda yake amfani da su ya ɗan bambanta.

• Cholesterol: A mafi yawan lokuta, cholesterol yana samuwa ne a cikin hanta. Muna kuma samun cholesterol daga wasu abincin da muke ci, musamman kitsen dabbobi, nama, kifi, da kayayyakin kiwo. Wannan cholesterol ba wai kawai yana da illa ga jikinmu ba. Wannan cholesterol yana taimakawa wajen samar da bitamin D, da kuma muhimman hormones kamar estrogen, testosterone, da cortisol . Ba wai kawai hakan ba, yana da mahimmanci don samar da ƙwayoyin halitta a cikin tsarin jijiyoyinmu.

• Triglycerides: Hanta da hanjinmu ne ke yin waɗannan a cikin tsarin narkewar abinci. Idan muka ci abinci mai yawan mai da mai mai yawa, jikinmu yana samar da ƙarin triglycerides. Ƙarin triglycerides da muke yi ana adana su a cikin ƙwayoyin kitsenmu. Daga baya, idan jiki yana buƙatar kuzari, waɗannan triglycerides da aka adana suna fitowa cikin jini.

Yanzu wataƙila ka fahimci menene cholesterol da triglycerides da kuma muhimmancinsu ga jikinmu. Duk da haka, matsalar ita ce lokacin da suka yi yawa.

Wadanne nau'ikan lipoproteins ne akwai?

Akwai manyan nau'ikan lipoproteins guda biyar a jikinmu. Bari mu dubi menene su.

• Babban sinadarin lipoprotein mai yawa (HDL): Wannan shine abin da muke kira "kyakkyawan cholesterol." HDL yana taimakawa wajen ɗaukar cholesterol mai yawa daga jiki zuwa hanta, inda ake fitar da shi. Yawan matakan HDL yana rage haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. Kamar aboki ne a gare mu.

• Ƙananan lipoprotein mai yawa (LDL): Wannan shine abin da muke kira "mummunan cholesterol"Ana kiransa da suna. Ƙara yawan matakan LDL yana ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cututtuka kamar cututtukan jijiyoyin zuciya, bugun zuciya, da bugun jini. LDL yana ɗauke da cholesterol kuma yana ajiye shi a cikin jijiyoyin jininmu. Idan aka ajiye shi ta wannan hanyar, yana zama kamar datti a cikin bututu, yana rage sararin da ke cikin jijiyoyin jini kuma yana toshe kwararar jini. Muna kiran wannan yanayin atherosclerosis .

• Ƙananan lipoproteins masu yawa (VLDL): Wannan wani nau'in "mummunan cholesterol." VLDL galibi yana ɗaukar triglycerides zuwa kyallen jikinmu. Hakanan yana ba da gudummawa ga jigilar cholesterol zuwa wani mataki.

• Manyan lipoproteins masu matsakaicin yawa (IDL): Ana samar da waɗannan ne bayan an cire wasu daga cikin fatty acids ɗin VLDL. Sannan ko dai hanta ta cire waɗannan IDL ko kuma ta mayar da su LDL.

• Chylomicrons: Waɗannan su ne manyan ƙwayoyin lipoprotein. Suna kuma jigilar triglycerides.

Ka gani, akwai nau'ikan lipoproteins daban-daban, kuma suna yin abubuwa daban-daban.

Menene lipoprotein (a) ko LP (a)?

Wannan na musamman ne kaɗan. Lipoprotein (a) ko LP(a) shi ma iri ɗaya ne na LDL, wato "mummunan cholesterol" da muka yi magana a kai. Amma wannan na musamman ne. Wani furotin da ake kira apolipoprotein (a) ko apo(a) an naɗe shi a kan wannan ƙwayar LDL. Wannan apo(a) yana sa ƙwayar LDL ta ɗan "manne". Saboda haka, wannan LP(a) zai iya shiga cikin jijiyoyin jini cikin sauƙi, yana ƙara haɗarin matsalolin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. Samun yawan LP(a) babban abin da ke haifar da atherosclerosis.

Duk da cewa abincinmu da salon rayuwarmu na iya shafar wasu matakan HDL da LDL, matakan LP(a) ɗinmu galibi suna dogara ne akan kwayoyin halittarmu. Wasu mutane suna da matakan LP(a) masu yawa saboda maye gurbi na kwayoyin halitta. Irin waɗannan mutanen suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya tun suna ƙanana.

Menene gwajin jini na Lipid Panel?

Likitanka zai iya neman ka yi "bayanin lipid." Wannan shine sunan da ake kira wannan gwajin jini na lipid panel . Yana auna jimlar cholesterol a cikin jininka. Hakanan yana auna matakan HDL, LDL, da triglycerides, da kuma jimlar cholesterol ɗinka.

Wannan gwajin jini ne mai sauƙi. Yana ɗaukar ƙasa da mintuna biyar. Za ku iya yin sa a ofishin likitanku, a dakin gwaje-gwaje, ko a asibiti. Domin samun sakamako mafi kyau, ya kamata ku yi azumi na tsawon awanni 8 zuwa 12 kafin a yi muku wannan gwajin jini.Wannan yana nufin ba za ka ci ko sha komai ba. Haka kuma za a iya tambayarka ka daina shan duk wani magani da kake sha na ɗan lokaci. Don haka, ya kamata ka bi umarnin likita daidai.

Ta yaya kuma yaushe ake gwada lipoprotein (a) [LP(a)]?

Yawanci, ba kowa ne ke duba matakin LP(a) ɗinsa ba. Sai dai idan likitanka ya buƙaci hakan, shin zai duba matakin LP(a) tare da sashin lipid.

Sau da yawa ana ba da shawarar wannan gwajin ne kawai ga mutanen da ke da wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da cututtukan zuciya. Waɗannan sun haɗa da:

• Idan ka taɓa samun matsalolin zuciya a baya.
• Idan wani a cikin iyalinka, musamman dangin farko (iyaye, 'yan'uwa), ya taɓa samun ciwon zuciya tun yana ƙarami.
• Idan matakin LDL ɗinka ya yi yawa sosai, yi gwajin jini.
• Idan kana da abubuwan da ke haifar da hypercholesterolemia na iyali , wata cuta ta kwayoyin halitta da ke haifar da yawan matakan LDL.

Menene mahimmancin wannan gwajin jinin lipid?

Yawan cholesterol sau da yawa ba ya haifar da wata alama, don haka yin wannan gwajin jini shine hanya mafi kyau don gano matsalolin cholesterol waɗanda zasu iya shafar zuciyarka da jijiyoyin jini.

Likitoci suna amfani da wannan gwajin jinin lipid don abubuwa kamar:

• Dubawa: Ana iya yin wannan a matsayin wani ɓangare na duba lafiyarka na shekara-shekara. Wannan zai iya taimaka maka gano ko kana cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. Da zarar ka san kana cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar, za ka iya ɗaukar matakai don hana mummunan yanayi kamar bugun zuciya da bugun jini.
• Ganewar Cututtuka: Wannan gwajin jini na cholesterol yana taimakawa wajen gano cututtuka kamar atherosclerosis .
• Kulawa: Waɗannan sakamakon gwaje-gwaje na iya taimaka maka ka ga ko matakan cholesterol ɗinka suna ƙara ta'azzara, suna buƙatar magani, ko kuma suna amsawa da kyau ga magani.

Sau nawa ya kamata a yi waɗannan gwaje-gwajen lipoprotein?

Abu ne da ya dace a ga yawan sinadarin lipoprotein da kuma jimlar cholesterol suna ƙaruwa yayin da shekaru ke ƙaruwa. Yayin da haɗarin kamuwa da cutar ke ƙaruwa, likitanka zai iya ba da shawarar a ƙara yin gwaji akai-akai.

Ana ba da shawarar waɗannan don gwajin lipid na jini:

• Ga maza sama da shekaru 35 da mata sama da shekaru 45.
• Ciwon atherosclerosis ya fi yawa a cikin maza tsakanin shekaru 20 zuwa 35 da kuma mata tsakanin shekaru 20 zuwa 45.
• Ga yara, ya fi kyau a yi wannan gwajin sau ɗaya tsakanin shekaru 9 zuwa 11, sannan kuma tsakanin shekaru 17 zuwa 21.

Menene matakan lipoproteins masu lafiya?

Dakunan gwaje-gwaje suna auna cholesterol da lipoproteins a cikin milligrams a kowace deciliter (mg/dL). Hanyoyin da kowace dakin gwaje-gwaje ke amfani da su na iya bambanta. Wannan yana nufin cewa sakamakon daga samfurin jini ɗaya na iya bambanta kaɗan daga dakin gwaje-gwaje zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje. Duk lokacin da zai yiwu, likitanka zai so ya yi amfani da dakin gwaje-gwaje iri ɗaya don sa ido kan matakanka.

Matakan lafiya na HDL, LDL, triglycerides, da jimlar cholesterol sun bambanta dangane da shekaru da jinsi. Yi magana da likitanka game da matakan lafiya a gare ka. Gabaɗaya, idan ba ka da wasu abubuwan haɗari, waɗannan dabi'un ana ɗaukar su masu lafiya:

• Jimlar cholesterol: 100-199 mg/dL ga waɗanda suka haura shekaru 21; 75-169 mg/dL ga waɗanda suka haura shekaru 20 zuwa ƙasa.
• HDL (kyakkyawan cholesterol): 45 mg/dL ko sama da haka. (55 mg/dL ko sama da haka ya fi kyau ga mata, 45 mg/dL ko sama da haka ga maza)
• LDL (mummunan cholesterol): ƙasa da 100 mg/dL.
• Triglycerides: Kasa da 150 mg/dL.

Tsarin lipid ba zai iya auna matakan VLDL kai tsaye ba, kuma babu wani gwaji na musamman a kansa. Madadin haka, dakunan gwaje-gwaje suna kimanta matakan VLDL ɗinku ta hanyar raba triglycerides ɗinku da biyar. Matsakaicin VLDL mai lafiya yakamata ya zama ƙasa da 30 mg/dL. Duk da haka, wannan hanyar ba koyaushe take daidai ba idan triglycerides ɗinku suna da yawa sosai.

Menene ƙimar lipoprotein na yau da kullun (a) [LP(a)]?

Ana bayar da rahoton matakan LP(a) a cikin mg/dL ko nanomoles a kowace lita (nmol/L). Ana ɗaukar ƙimar da ta wuce 50 mg/dL ko 75 nmol/L a matsayin mai girma, kuma yana ƙara haɗarin cututtuka kamar atherosclerosis, bugun zuciya, da bugun jini .

Wadanne abubuwa ne ke haifar da karuwar mummunan cholesterol (LDL)?

Mata bayan daina al'ada da manya sama da shekaru 40 suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da babban matakin LDL. Duk da haka, har ma da yara ƙanana na iya samun matsalolin cholesterol. Yayin da kake girma, metabolism ɗinka yana raguwa, kuma hantarka ba ta da ikon cire mummunan cholesterol daga jikinka.

Kabila da ƙabila suma suna taka rawa. 'Yan Asiya Amurkawa sun fi samun ƙaruwar matakan LDL, yayin da fararen fata suka fi samun ƙaruwar matakan cholesterol.

Wasu abubuwan haɗari da zasu iya ƙara matakan LDL sun haɗa da:

• Abinci mai yawan kalori, kitse mai yawa, da kuma cholesterol. (Haka kuma dole ne mu yi tunani kadan game da abinci mai kitse da soyayyen da muke ci.)
• Yanayi kamar ciwon suga da kuma ciwon koda.
• Tarihin iyali na yawan cholesterol.
• Shan giya da shan taba fiye da kima.
• Magunguna kamar corticosteroids da wasu magunguna don hawan jini da HIV/AIDS.
• Kiba (Kiba).

Yaya za a bi da matakan LDL masu yawa?

Mutane masu yawan matakan LDL, wanda ke sanya su cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya da bugun jini, galibi suna buƙatar magungunan rage cholesterol, kamar su statins, ezetimibe, da PCSK9 inhibitors . Hakanan zaka iya inganta waɗannan matakan ta hanyar yin canje-canje ga abincinka da salon rayuwarka.

Me za ku iya yi don inganta matakan lipoprotein?

Yin wasu canje-canje ga abincinka da salon rayuwarka na iya taimakawa wajen rage mummunan cholesterol (LDL) da kuma ƙara kyakkyawan cholesterol (HDL). Waɗannan matakan za su iya taimakawa:

• Ka kasance mai motsa jiki na akalla mintuna 150 a mako (wato kimanin mintuna 30 a rana). Ko da ɗan gajeren tafiya ko motsa jiki yana da kyau.
• Cin abinci mai gina jiki ga zuciya. Wannan yana nufin cin abinci mai ƙarancin kitse mara kyau, sukari mai sauƙi (carbohydrates), da kuma mai yawan fiber.
• Kula da hawan jini da ciwon suga.
• Barci mai kyau.
• Kiyaye nauyin da ya dace. Idan kina da kiba, rage kiba daga kashi 5% zuwa 10% na nauyin jikinki zai iya inganta matakan cholesterol dinki.
• Nemo hanyoyin lafiya don magance damuwa.
• Rage shan barasa.
• Nemi taimako don daina shan taba (nicotine yana ƙara matakan LDL kuma yana rage matakan HDL).

Saƙon Ɗauka Gida:

To, mun yi magana sosai game da lipoproteins a yau, ko ba haka ba? A taƙaice dai, ga manyan abubuwan da ya kamata a tuna:

• Lipoproteins kamar abubuwan hawa ne da ke jigilar kitse da cholesterol a jikinmu.
• HDL "mai kyau cholesterol" ne, wanda ke taimakawa wajen cire yawan cholesterol daga jiki.
• LDL shine "mummunan cholesterol." Idan ya ƙaru, yana iya taruwa a cikin jijiyoyin jini kuma yana haifar da cututtukan zuciya.
• LP(a) wani nau'in cholesterol ne mai "mannewa" mara kyau, wanda kuma yana ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya.
• Abubuwa kamar salon rayuwar ku, abincin ku, da motsa jiki na iya yin babban tasiri akan matakan lipoprotein ɗinku.
• Wani lokaci ana iya buƙatar magunguna (kamar "Statins") don rage matakan LDL da LP(a) da kuma ƙara matakan HDL.
• Abu mafi mahimmanci shine a yi gwajin jini akai-akai don ci gaba da sanar da kai game da matakan jininka da kuma bin umarnin likitanka.

Ina fatan wannan bayanin zai taimaka muku wajen kiyaye lafiyar zuciyarku!

lipoproteins , cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, VLDL, cututtukan zuciya, lipid panel, atherosclerosis, LP(a), cholesterol