Menene cholesterol?

Wataƙila ka taɓa jin labarin cholesterol a wani wuri, ko ba haka ba? Wataƙila likitanka ya gaya maka game da shi , ko kuma ka gan shi a jarida ko a talabijin. Mutane da yawa suna tunanin cewa cholesterol wani abu ne mai cutarwa ga jikinmu. Amma shin hakan gaskiya ne?

Me ke faruwa da cholesterol a jikinmu?

A taƙaice dai, cholesterol wani nau'in kitse ne a jikinmu. A fannin kimiyya, "lipid" ne. Tunda waɗannan kitsen ba sa narkewa a cikin ruwa, ba sa narkewa a cikin jininmu, amma suna tafiya ta cikin jini zuwa kowane ɓangare na jiki. Kawai ka yi tunani, cholesterol yana da mahimmanci ga jikinmu don yin aiki yadda ya kamata. Yana da ayyuka da yawa ga jikinmu:

• Cholesterol yana taimakawa wajen gina bango mai kariya a kusa da ƙananan ƙwayoyin halitta a jikinmu, wanda ake kira membranes na ƙwayoyin halitta . Waɗannan membranes na ƙwayoyin halitta suna sarrafa abin da ke shiga cikin ƙwayar halitta da abin da ke fita daga ƙwayar halitta. Kamar ƙofar gida.
• Cholesterol yana taimaka wa hanta mu samar da bile . Kamar yadda kuka sani, wannan bile yana da mahimmanci don narkewar abincin da muke ci yadda ya kamata.
• Haka kuma, ana buƙatar cholesterol don samar da wasu daga cikin hormones ɗin da jikinmu ke samarwa, musamman hormones na jima'i da bitamin D.

Ka gani? Cholesterol ba wai kawai mummunan abu bane. Yana taimaka wa jikinmu yin abubuwa masu mahimmanci da yawa.

To idan cholesterol ya zama dole, me yasa muke damuwa da shi?

Eh, jikinmu yana buƙatar wani adadin cholesterol don ya yi aiki. Duk da haka, matsalar ita ce lokacin da muke da cholesterol da yawa a jikinmu. Kamar lokacin da muke cin abinci, idan muka ci fiye da yadda muke buƙata, muna rashin lafiya. Hakazalika, lokacin da cholesterol ya yi yawa, wato lokacin da matakin cholesterol a cikin jini ya fi yadda aka ba da shawarar (hyperlipidemia) ko kuma lokacin da nau'ikan kitse a cikin jiki ba su da daidaito (dyslipidemia), za mu iya samun matsaloli masu tsanani na lafiya. Musamman ma, haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya , wato, cututtukan jijiyoyin zuciya, yana da yawa sosai.

A gaskiya ma, kusan kashi 80% na cholesterol da jikinmu ke buƙata yana samuwa ne daga hanta. Sauran kuma yana fitowa ne daga abincin da muke ci. Yawanci, jikinmu zai iya tace yawan cholesterol daga waɗannan abincin. Amma wani lokacin, wannan tsari ba ya aiki yadda ya kamata, ko kuma adadin cholesterol da muke ci daga abincin da muke ci ya zama da yawa da ba za mu iya sarrafawa ba.

To ta yaya wannan yawan cholesterol ke shiga jiki?

Akwai dalilai da dama da suka sa hakan ya faru.

• Dalilan kwayoyin halitta:Wasu mutane suna da wata cuta ta kwayoyin halitta da ake kira " Familial Hypercholesterolemia ". Mutumin da ke da wannan matsalar yana fuskantar matsala wajen cire sinadarin cholesterol da ba a so daga jini yadda ya kamata. Da shigewar lokaci, sinadarin cholesterol yana taruwa a cikin jini kuma matakansa suna ƙaruwa.
• Abincinmu: Wani muhimmin abu kuma shine abincin da muke ci . Wasu daga cikin abincin da muke ci na iya ƙara yawan sinadarin cholesterol ɗinmu. Wannan matsalar na iya faruwa ne lokacin da muka ci kitse mai yawa daga kayayyakin dabbobi (misali, nama, madara, cuku, man shanu) da kuma kitsen trans (wanda galibi ana samunsa a cikin abincin da aka sarrafa, abincin da aka shirya, da abinci mai sauri). Don haka, yana da mahimmanci a yi taka tsantsan game da abin da muke ci.

Ta yaya cholesterol ke tafiya a cikin jininmu?

Ana samun cholesterol a kusan kowace ƙwayar halitta a jikinmu. Amma galibi muna magana game da cholesterol a cikin jini kuma muna jin labarinsa. Saboda yanayin sinadarai, cholesterol ba zai iya tafiya ta cikin jini shi kaɗai ba. Saboda haka, dole ne a haɗa shi da wasu ƙwayoyin cuta. Don haka, cholesterol yana haɗuwa da sunadarai da wani nau'in kitse da ake kira triglycerides . Muna kiran wannan ƙwayar cuta ta musamman da aka samar ta hanyar haɗakar cholesterol, furotin, da triglycerides a matsayin lipoprotein .

Menene waɗannan lipoproteins?

Ka yi tunanin lipoproteins a matsayin ƙananan motoci da aka yi da lipids da furotin. Waɗannan motocin za su iya tafiya a cikin jiki ta hanyar jini. A wata ma'anar, suna kama da jiragen ruwa da ke ɗaukar kaya daga wannan birni zuwa wancan. Wasu jiragen ruwa suna ɗaukar abinci da sauran abubuwan buƙata zuwa birni. Akwai wani nau'in jirgin ruwa da ke ɗauke da shara daga birnin.

Haka yake a cikin jikinmu. Akwai wasu lipoproteins waɗanda ke ɗaukar cholesterol zuwa kyallen jiki da ƙwayoyin halitta daban-daban. Wannan cholesterol yana da mahimmanci ga jiki. Amma idan ya ƙaru da yawa, yana da muni. Shi ya sa muke buƙatar wasu nau'ikan lipoproteins waɗanda ke ɗaukar wannan cholesterol mai yawa su cire shi.

Wataƙila kun ji labarin waɗannan lipoproteins da laƙabinsu. Sau da yawa ana kiransu da LDL cholesterol da HDL cholesterol. Waɗannan su ne manyan nau'ikan cholesterol guda biyu. Amma akwai wasu nau'ikan. Don haka bari mu yi nazari sosai kan menene waɗannan nau'ikan cholesterol da abin da suke yi a jiki.

Mene ne waɗannan nau'ikan cholesterol daban-daban da muke tambaya a kansu?

Akwai nau'ikan cholesterol da dama a jikinmu. Gwaji da ke duba cholesterol a cikin jininka ana kiransa da lipid profile.Idan ka yi ɗaya, za ka ga cewa an lissafa nau'ikan cholesterol da dama a cikin wannan rahoton. Da zarar ka san ma'anar kowanne nau'i, zai fi maka sauƙi ka yi magana da likitanka game da cholesterol.

LDL cholesterol - shin wannan shine abin da ake kira "mummunan" cholesterol?

LDL cholesterol yana nufin ƙananan ƙwayoyin lipoproteins masu yawa . Waɗannan ƙwayoyin galibi suna ƙunshe da cholesterol. Aikin waɗannan LDLs shine ɗaukar cholesterol zuwa ƙwayoyin jiki. An yi wa LDL lakabi da "mummunan" cholesterol . Me yasa hakan yake?

LDL yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga jikinmu. Amma matsalar ita ce idan akwai yawan zagayawa a cikin jini. Sannan wannan cholesterol na LDL, tare da wasu abubuwa, suna fara taruwa a cikin jijiyoyin jininmu, wato, a cikin bangon jijiyoyinmu. Muna kiran kauri mai kitse da ke samuwa ta wannan hanyar 'plaque' . Bayan lokaci, wannan plaque yana girma a hankali, yana rage sararin da ke cikin jijiyoyin. Tarin plaque a bangon jijiyoyin ta wannan hanyar ana kiransa atherosclerosis . Wannan yanayin yana ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cututtuka masu haɗari kamar bugun zuciya da bugun jini.

Don haka yana da mahimmanci a kiyaye matakin LDL cholesterol ɗinka ƙasa da haka . Ga matsakaicin mutum, ya fi kyau a ajiye shi ƙasa da 100 mg/dL (milligrams a kowace deciliter). Idan kana da wata cuta kamar atherosclerosis, wadda ke haifar da tarin kitse a cikin jijiyoyinka, likitoci suna ba da shawarar kiyaye matakin LDL cholesterol ɗinka ƙasa da 70 mg/dL.

HDL cholesterol - to wannan shine "mai kyau" cholesterol?

Cholesterol na HDL yana nufin High-Density Lipoproteins . Waɗannan lipoproteins galibi suna ƙunshe da furotin. HDL ana kiransa da "mai kyau" cholesterol . Wannan saboda HDL yana ɗaukar cholesterol mai yawa a cikin jini kuma yana mayar da shi zuwa hanta. Sannan hanta tana wargaza cholesterol ɗin ta kuma cire shi daga jiki. Wannan muhimmin tsari ana kuma kiransa da jigilar cholesterol ta baya.

Matakan cholesterol na HDL ɗinka wani abu ne da kake son kiyayewa a matakin da ya dace . Idan kai namiji ne, ya kamata ka yi ƙoƙarin kiyaye matakin HDL ɗinka aƙalla 40 mg/dL. Idan kai mace ce, ya kamata ka yi ƙoƙarin kiyaye shi aƙalla 50 mg/dL.

Ga dukkan manya, matakin HDL na sama da 60 mg/dL ana ɗaukarsa mai kyau sosai. Hakanan yana taimakawa rage haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya.

Shin akwai wani abu kamar VLDL cholesterol?

Ee, cholesterol na VLDL yana nufin lipoproteins masu ƙarancin yawa.VLDL galibi yana ɗauke da triglycerides (wani nau'in kitse) da cholesterol. Yana da ƙarancin furotin fiye da sauran nau'ikan. Kamar LDL, ana ɗaukar VLDL a matsayin "mara kyau" saboda yana iya taimakawa wajen tara plaque a cikin jijiyoyinmu.

A taƙaice dai, kyakkyawan cholesterol (HDL) yana taimakawa wajen cire mummunan cholesterol (abin da ke da illa daga LDL da VLDL) daga jini. LDL cholesterol shine babban abin da ke haifar da taruwar plaque a cikin jijiyoyin jini.

Wadanne abubuwa ne zasu iya shafar matakan cholesterol na?

Akwai abubuwa da dama da ke shafar matakan cholesterol ɗinmu. Bari mu duba su:

• Shekaru: Yayin da muke tsufa, matakan cholesterol ɗinmu na iya ƙaruwa a hankali.
• Abinci: Kamar yadda muka tattauna a baya, kitse mai cike da kitse da kuma kitsen trans a cikin abincin da muke ci na iya ƙara yawan sinadarin cholesterol na LDL ("mara kyau"). Cin waɗannan nau'ikan kitse na iya taimakawa sosai wajen rage cholesterol.
• Motsa Jiki: Motsa jiki na yau da kullun da matsakaici zai iya taimakawa wajen ƙara yawan sinadarin cholesterol na HDL (“mai kyau”). Yi ƙoƙarin samun aƙalla mintuna 30 na motsa jiki mai matsakaicin ƙarfi a mafi yawan kwanakin mako.
• Gado: Kwayoyin halittarka suna taka rawa wajen yawan sinadarin cholesterol da jikinka ke samarwa. A wasu iyalai, yawan sinadarin cholesterol na iya kasancewa a cikin iyalai.
• Jinsi da kuma hormones: Kafin a daina al'ada, mata kan sami ƙarancin jimillar cholesterol fiye da maza. Duk da haka, bayan daina al'ada, mata na iya samun ƙarin matakan LDL ("mara kyau") cholesterol da ƙarancin matakan HDL ("mai kyau") cholesterol.

Ya kamata in duba cholesterol dina? Me zan yi idan yana da yawa?

Eh, ba shakka! Yana da mahimmanci kowa ya san matakan cholesterol ɗinsa. Sau nawa ya kamata a yi gwajin cholesterol, ko kuma lipid panel ɗin da aka ambata a sama, ya dogara da shekarunka da sauran abubuwan da ke haifar da cututtukan zuciya (misali, ciwon suga, hawan jini, shan taba). Don haka, ya fi kyau ka yi magana da likitan iyalinka ka tambayi sau nawa ya kamata a duba ka. Sanin matakan cholesterol ɗinka yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman matakai da za ka iya ɗauka don kare kanka daga cututtukan zuciya a nan gaba.

Ka yi tunanin, idan rahoton ya ce matakin cholesterol ɗinka yana da yawa, kada ka firgita. Likitan zai rubuta maka maganin da ya dace. Manyan hanyoyin magance wannan sune:

• Canje-canje a cikin abinci: Wannan yana nufin ɗaukar abinci mai kyau wanda ke da ƙarancin cholesterol, ƙarancin mai, mai yawan fiber, da kuma yawan 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan lambu.
• Canje-canje a salon rayuwa:Abubuwa kamar motsa jiki akai-akai, rage nauyin jiki, da kuma daina shan taba gaba ɗaya.
• Magani: Wasu mutane na iya samun matsala wajen sarrafa sinadarin cholesterol dinsu ta hanyar cin abinci da motsa jiki kawai. A irin wannan yanayi, likitanka zai iya rubuta maka magungunan rage cholesterol, kamar statins.

Ga mutane da yawa, haɗa waɗannan hanyoyin ita ce hanya mafi inganci don rage yawan cholesterol. Amma don gano wace hanya ce ta fi dacewa da ku, ya kamata ku duba matakan cholesterol ɗinku kuma ku yi magana da likita.

Don haka, idan ba ka daɗe da zuwa wurin likita ba, tabbas ka je ka duba lafiyarka. Ka je ka duba lafiyarka kamar yadda likitanka ya tsara. Ka kasance mai sanin halin da kake ciki game da cholesterol, hawan jini, da kuma matakan sukari a jini, waɗanda ke nuna lafiyar zuciyarka da jijiyoyin jini. Ka tuna, ba kasafai ake yin tunani game da lafiyar zuciyarka ba. Ya kamata ka fara tunanin abin da za ka iya yi don kiyaye lafiyarta a yau.

To, menene saƙon da ya kamata mu tuna daga duk wannan?

Cholesterol wani nau'in kitse ne wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a jikinmu kuma yana da mahimmanci a gare mu. Domin mu rayu cikin koshin lafiya, muna buƙatar samun adadin cholesterol da ya dace a jikinmu. Duk da haka, samun cholesterol da yawa a cikin jini tabbas yana da haɗari ga lafiyarku. Shi ya sa yana da mahimmanci a duba matakan cholesterol ɗinku akai-akai kuma ku yi magana da likitanku game da ma'anar waɗannan dabi'un.

Ka tuna, ta hanyar kiyaye abinci mai kyau, motsa jiki akai-akai, da kuma bin shawarar likitanka, tabbas za ka iya sarrafa matakan cholesterol ɗinka kuma ka rayu cikin koshin lafiya da gamsuwa. Shin ka fahimta? Don haka, bari mu fara da wannan daga yau!