Duk muna da launukan fata daban-daban, launukan gashi, da launukan ido, ko ba haka ba? Wasu suna da kyau sosai, wasu kuma suna da fari, wasu kuma suna da fata mai duhu. Haka ma gashi, tare da launuka baƙi da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Ka yi tunani, wanene sirrin da ke ƙara wannan launi mai ban mamaki ga kamanninmu? Wannan sirrin shine abin da muke kira melanin . A yau, bari mu yi magana game da melanin, kamar dai muna magana da aboki.
A taƙaice dai, menene melanin?
Melanin wani nau'in launi ne na halitta da jikinmu ke samarwa. Kamar yadda muke amfani da fenti lokacin da muke fenti, jikinmu yana amfani da wannan launin da ake kira melanin don bai wa fatarmu, gashinmu, da idanunmu launuka na musamman. Wani hadadden sinadarai ne da aka yi daga amino acid mai suna `(Tyrosine)`. Amma kada ka bari irin waɗannan kalmomi su ruɗar da kai. Kawai ka tuna, melanin shine launin halitta na jikinmu .
A ina ne a jikinmu ake samar da melanin?
Ana samar da Melanin a cikin wani nau'in ƙwayar halitta na musamman da ake kira melanocytes . Muna kuma kiran waɗannan "ƙananan masana'antun melanin." Waɗannan masana'antun suna cikin wurare da dama a jikinmu.
- A cikin gashinki.
- A cikin mafi zurfin layin fatar jikinka.
- A wurare kamar ɗan idonka da kuma taurarin taurari.
- A wasu sassan kwakwalwarka ('Substantia nigra' da 'locus coeruleus').
- A wasu sassan glandar adrenal ɗinmu.
- A wasu sassan kunnen ciki.
Nau'in melanin nawa ne?
Eh, akwai manyan nau'ikan melanin guda uku. Kowanne nau'i yana yin wani abu daban ga jikinmu. Bari mu dubi menene su.
| Nau'in Melanin | Me ke faruwa da shi? |
|---|---|
| Eumelanin | Akwai nau'i biyu na wannan, baƙi da launin ruwan kasa. Yana da alhakin launin duhu na fatarmu, gashinmu, da idanunmu. Mutanen da ke da gashi baƙi ko launin ruwan kasa suna da nau'ikan biyu a adadi daban-daban. Idan babu eumelanin baƙi, amma ɗan ƙaramin eumelanin launin ruwan kasa ne kawai, gashin mutum yana da launin ruwan kasa. |
| Pheomelanin | Wannan nau'in shine abin da ke ba leɓunanku, nonuwanku, da wuraren jikinku launin ruwan hoda. Mutanen da ke da daidai adadin eumelanin da pheomelanin na iya samun jajayen gashi. |
| Neuromelanin | Ba kamar sauran nau'ikan guda biyu ba, wannan ba ya yin launin abin da muke gani da idanunmu. Neuromelanin yana ba da launi ga ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi, ko ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi, a cikin kwakwalwarmu. |
Ta yaya melanin ke shafar bambancin launin fata?
Wannan gaskiya ce mai ban sha'awa. A al'ada, dukkanmu muna da adadin masana'antun samar da melanin iri ɗaya, ko melanocytes, a jikinmu. Duk da haka, adadin melanin da waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta ke samarwa ya bambanta daga mutum zuwa mutum.
A taƙaice dai, idan ƙwayoyin melanocyte ɗinku suna yin melanin da yawa, fatarku, gashinku, da idanunku za su yi duhu. Idan waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna yin melanin kaɗan, fatarku, gashinku, da idanunku za su yi haske. Tabo a fatarmu (masu kama da freckles) kawai tarin ƙwayoyin melanocyte ne waɗanda suka taru a wuri ɗaya kuma suna samar da ƙarin melanin.
Wato, launin fata yana auna adadin melanin da ake samarwa a jikinmu, ba wani abu ba.
Yadda melanin ke taimakawa wajen kare fatarmu daga rana
Melanin ba wai kawai wani abu ne da ke ba mu launi ba. Yana da matukar muhimmanci a jikinmu. Idan ka fita a rana, jikinka zai fara samar da ƙarin melanin. Wataƙila ka lura cewa idan ka fita a rana, fatar jikinka za ta yi duhu kaɗan. Wannan saboda yawan samar da melanin yana ƙaruwa.
Wannan yawan melanin yana aiki kamar laima ta halitta, yana shan haskoki masu cutarwa na ultraviolet (UV) daga rana. Wannan yana hana waɗannan haskoki masu cutarwa shiga cikin fatarmu da kuma lalata ƙwayoyin halitta. Har ma yana kare bayanan kwayoyin halitta da ke cikin ƙwayoyin halittarmu.
Amma ku tuna da wannan! Wannan kariya ta halitta daga melanin kawai bai isa ya kare fatarmu gaba ɗaya daga rana ba. Saboda haka, komai launin fatarku, yana da mahimmanci a yi amfani da man kariya mai kyau a duk lokacin da kuka fita waje.
Wadanne sauran fa'idodi muke samu daga melanin?
Baya ga kare mu daga rana, melanin yana da wasu fa'idodi a gare mu.
- Kariya daga ROS: Lokacin da ƙwayoyin halittarmu ke aiki, suna samar da wasu sinadarai masu cutarwa da ake kira "Reactive Oxygen Species - ROS". Idan waɗannan suka taru a cikin ƙwayoyin halittarmu, suna iya sa mu tsufa da wuri, mu kamu da cututtuka kamar su ciwon suga, da ciwon daji. Melanin yana aiki ta hanyar kamawa da lalata waɗannan ROS masu cutarwa.
- Tallafawa garkuwar jiki: Wasu bincike sun gano cewa melanin na iya taimakawa garkuwar jikinmu da kuma rage kumburi a jiki. Duk da haka, ana ci gaba da bincike kan wannan.
Cututtukan da ke faruwa sakamakon canjin samar da melanin
A wasu lokutan, yanayi daban-daban na lafiya na iya faruwa saboda raguwar samar da melanin a jikinmu ko wasu canje-canje a cikinsa. Bari mu dubi wasu irin waɗannan yanayi.
| Rashin lafiya | Kawai bayani |
|---|---|
| Vitiligo | A wannan yanayin, tsarin garkuwar jikinmu yana lalata ƙwayoyin melanocyte da ke samar da melanin. Wannan yana sa fata ta rasa launinta kuma fararen ɗigo-ɗigo suna bayyana. Duk da cewa wannan na iya faruwa ga kowa, waɗannan ɗigo-ɗigo suna bayyana a cikin mutanen da ke da fata mai duhu. |
| Zabiya | Wannan yanayi ne da ba kasafai ake samunsa ba wanda jiki ke samar da melanin kadan. Waɗannan mutanen suna da fata mai launin fari, gashi fari, da idanu masu shuɗi. Haka kuma suna fuskantar haɗarin rashin gani da lalacewar rana. |
| Melasma | Wannan shine lokacin da tabo masu launin ruwan kasa ko launin toka-shuɗi suka bayyana a fuska ko hannuwa. Canjin hormones, fallasa rana, da magungunan hana haihuwa na iya haifar da hakan. Idan kuna da tabo kamar haka, ya fi kyau ku nemi shawara daga likita . |
| Asarar launi bayan lalacewar fata | Idan fatar jikinka ta kamu da cutar, ko ta ƙone, ko kuma ta yi kuraje, wani lokacin jiki ba zai iya sake samar da melanin a yankin da ya lalace ba. |
| Matsalar ji | Tunda melanin ma yana nan a cikin kunnenmu na ciki, an gano cewa mutanen da ke da ƙarancin melanin suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da matsalar ji. |
| Cutar Parkinson | Yayin da muke tsufa, neuromelanin a cikin kwakwalwarmu yana ƙaruwa. Duk da haka, a cikin mutanen da ke fama da cutar Parkinson, wannan adadin neuromelanin yana raguwa yayin da ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa ke mutuwa. |
Me zai faru idan akwai yawan melanin a jiki?
Wasu mutane suna samar da melanin da yawa a jikinsu. Wannan ana kiransa hyperpigmentation . Wannan yawanci ba cuta ce mai cutarwa ba. Idan hakan ta faru, wasu sassan fata suna yin duhu fiye da fatar da ke kewaye.
Akwai hanyoyin da za a ƙara yawan melanin?
Duk da cewa akwai kayayyaki a kasuwa da ke da'awar ƙara yawan melanin, babu wata shaidar kimiyya da ke nuna ingancinsu. Don haka kada ku yarda irin waɗannan abubuwa su ruɗe ku. Haka kuma, wasu mutane suna tunanin cewa yin tanning na iya ƙara yawan melanin. Wannan ra'ayi ne mara kyau kuma mai haɗari. Yin tanning yana ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da ciwon daji na fata sosai.
Shin Melanin da Melatonin abubuwa biyu ne daban-daban?
Eh, waɗannan biyun sun bambanta gaba ɗaya. Duk da cewa kalmomin biyu suna kama da juna, amma ayyukansu sun bambanta sosai.
- Melanin shine launin da ke ba wa fatarmu da gashinmu launi.
- Melatonin wani sinadari ne da ke sarrafa yanayin barcinmu da farkawarmu.
Shin mutanen da ke da yawan melanin a fatarsu za su iya samun karancin bitamin D?
Wannan kuma muhimmiyar tambaya ce. Wasu masana sun yi imanin cewa mutanen da ke da fata mai duhu sun fi fuskantar ƙarancin bitamin D fiye da waɗanda ke da fata mai haske. Wannan saboda yawan melanin yana shan hasken UV da ake buƙata don samar da bitamin D. Akwai nazarin da ke goyon bayan wannan, amma ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike kan wannan. Idan kuna da wata shakka game da wannan, ya fi kyau ku yi magana da likitan ku don neman shawara.
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- Melanin wani nau'in launi ne na halitta wanda ke ba wa fatarmu, gashinmu, da idanunmu launi.
- Duk da cewa yana ba mu kariya daga rana ta halitta, bai isa ba. Ko da wane launin fatar jikinka ne, yana da muhimmanci a yi amfani da man kariya mai kyau lokacin fita a rana.
- Ƙarancin matakan melanin ko yawan su na iya kasancewa da alaƙa da wasu matsalolin lafiya.
- Idan ka lura da sabon canji a launin fatarka (kamar fari, dige-dige masu duhu), yana da kyau kada ka firgita ka je wurin likita don yin magana a kai.
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