Duk mun ji kalmar "mRNA" sosai game da annobar COVID-19, ko ba haka ba? Amma a lokaci guda, mutane da yawa suna da tambayoyi game da wannan, har ma da ɗan tsoro. "Shin wannan sabon abu ne?", "Me wannan zai yi wa jikinmu?" Wataƙila kun yi mamaki. Don haka a yau, bari mu yi magana cikin sauƙi da ladabi game da menene wannan allurar rigakafin mRNA da kuma yadda yake aiki a cikin jikinmu.
Bari mu fara gani, menene wannan mRNA?
Cikakken sunan mRNA shine messenger Ribonucleic Acid. Duk da cewa sunan yana da ɗan rikitarwa, aikin yana da sauƙi. Ka yi tunanin DNA a jikinmu a matsayin babban littafin girke-girke na girki. Wannan littafin ya ƙunshi umarnin yin dukkan furotin da jikinmu ke buƙata. Amma ba za ka iya kai wannan babban littafin zuwa kicin ba (wato, zuwa ribosomes a cikin ƙwayoyin halittarmu waɗanda ke yin furotin).
Nan ne 'manzo' mai suna mRNA ya shigo. Abin da yake yi shi ne ya rubuta a kan takarda girke-girken furotin da yake buƙatar yi daga babban littafin DNA, sannan ya kai wannan saƙon zuwa kicin. A taƙaice dai, mRNA kamar gajeren saƙo ne wanda ke kwafi umarnin da ke cikin DNA sannan ya aika su zuwa wurin da ake yin furotin. Wannan tsari ne da ke faruwa a jikinmu a kowane lokaci.
To me ke faruwa da allurar rigakafin mRNA?
Kamar dukkan alluran rigakafi, allurar rigakafin mRNA tana horar da tsarin garkuwar jikinmu don yaƙar wata cuta. Amma yadda take yi ta ɗan bambanta.
A ɗauki allurar rigakafin mRNA don COVID-19 a matsayin misali. Abin da wannan allurar ke yi shi ne isar da umarni kawai (saƙon mRNA) da ake buƙata don samar da 'Spike Protein', wanda wani ɓangare ne na ƙwayar cutar SARS-CoV-2 da ke haifar da COVID-19.
Mafi mahimmanci, wannan allurar rigakafin ba ta ƙunshi dukkan ƙwayar cutar ba, ko kuma wani ɓangaren ƙwayar cuta mai rai ko matacce . Tana ɗauke da 'girke-girke' ne kawai don yin wani ɓangare ɗaya na ƙwayar cutar.
Idan ƙwayoyin halittarmu suka sami wannan umarni, suna yin wasu daga cikin wannan 'protein ƙaya'. Lokacin da tsarin garkuwar jikinmu ya ga wannan sabon furotin, sai ya ce, "Kai... wannan mamaya ce wadda ba ta cikin jikinmu ba." Sannan, yana shirin yin makamai, kamar ƙwayoyin rigakafi, don yaƙar ta.
Domin kuwa an horar da mu ta wannan hanyar tun da farko, idan ainihin kwayar cutar COVID-19 ta shiga jiki daga baya, garkuwar jikinmu za ta gane ta da zarar ta gan ta, ta kai mata hari cikin sauri da inganci, sannan ta kare mu daga rashin lafiya mai tsanani.
Saƙon mRNA daga allurar rigakafi yana lalacewa, yana lalacewa, kuma yana ɓacewa cikin 'yan kwanaki a jiki. Kamar littafin girke-girke da muke kai wa kicin yana lalata shi idan muka gama. Ba ya taɓa haɗawa da DNA ɗinmu ko canza kwayoyin halittarmu.
Menene bambanci tsakanin alluran rigakafin mRNA da alluran rigakafin gargajiya?
Babban bambanci shine yadda kwayar cutar ke shiga tsarin garkuwar jiki. Duba teburin da ke ƙasa don ƙarin bayani.
| mRNA Alluran rigakafi | Allurar rigakafi ta Gargajiya |
|---|---|
| Ana ba wa jiki umarnin (mRNA) da ake buƙata don samar da wani ɓangare na ƙwayar cutar. | Kwayoyin cuta marasa aiki ("wanda aka kashe") , ƙwayoyin cuta masu rauni , ko gutsuttsuran furotin na kwayar cutar kanta ana ba wa jiki. |
| Allurar riga-kafi ba ta ƙunshi wani ɓangare na ƙwayar cutar ba. | Allurar riga-kafi ta ƙunshi wani nau'in ɓangaren ƙwayar cutar. |
| Misalai: Allurar rigakafin COVID-19 ta Pfizer-BioNTech (Comirnaty®), Moderna (Spikevax®). | Misalai: Allurar rigakafin COVID-19 ta Novavax® (allurar rigakafin furotin), allurar rigakafin kyanda (ƙwayar cuta mai raguwa). |
Me ke faruwa idan aka yi maka allurar riga-kafi?
Likita ko ma'aikaciyar jinya za su wanke saman hannunka da barasa sannan su yi maka allurar. Sannan, za a umarce ka da ka jira na tsawon minti 15. Wannan don duba ko akwai rashin lafiyan da ke tattare da allurar nan take. Wasu mutane suna jin suma yayin allurar, don haka ya fi kyau ka zauna.
Menene fa'idodi da haɗarin alluran rigakafin mRNA?
Fa'idodi
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan fa'idodin fasahar mRNA shine saurin aiki . Allurar rigakafi ta gargajiya tana buƙatar a shuka ƙwayar cuta a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje. Hakan na iya ɗaukar watanni, har ma da shekaru. Amma alluran rigakafin mRNA ba sa buƙatar hakan, don haka ana iya samar da su da sauri, koda kuwa idan aka sami sabuwar annoba.
Da yake magana game da alluran rigakafin COVID-19, yin allurar riga-kafi,
- Yana rage haɗarin kamuwa da cutar COVID-19.
- Ko da kuwa an kamu da cutar, haɗarin kamuwa da rashin lafiya mai tsanani, asibiti, da mutuwa yana raguwa sosai.
- Yana rage haɗarin kamuwa da cutar COVID-19 na dogon lokaci (Dogon COVID) bayan kamuwa da cutar.
Hadari da Illolin da ke tattare da hakan
Kamar kowace allurar rigakafi, allurar rigakafin mRNA na iya samun ƙananan sakamako. Waɗannan a zahiri alama ce da ke nuna cewa garkuwar jikinka ta fara aiki.
Illolin da aka saba gani:
- Ciwo ko kumburi a wurin allurar
- Gajiya
- Ciwon kai
- Ciwon tsoka
- Zazzabi mai sauƙi
Waɗannan alamomin galibi suna ɓacewa gaba ɗaya cikin kwana ɗaya ko biyu.
Rashin lafiyan da ba kasafai ba amma mai tsanani:
Ba kasafai ake samun wani yana da rashin lafiyan wani abu da ke cikin allurar rigakafin ba. Alamomin sun haɗa da:
- Kurajen fata ko ƙaiƙayi
- Kaikayi
- Kumburin fuska, lebe, harshe, ko makogwaro (Anaphylaxis)
Idan ka fuskanci manyan alamun rashin lafiyan jiki kamar wahalar numfashi, kumburin fuska ko makogwaro, je ka nemi Sashen Gaggawa na Asibiti mafi kusa (ETU) nan da nan.
Shin wannan fasaha sabuwa ce da gaske?
A'a. Bincike kan fasahar mRNA ya fara ne tun daga shekarun 1970. Sai a shekarun 1990 ne aka fara bincike kan amfani da wannan fasahar don samar da alluran rigakafi. Masana kimiyya sun ɗauki fiye da shekaru 20 kafin su gano yadda za su shigar da wannan mRNA cikin ƙwayoyin halitta ba tare da tsarin garkuwar jikinmu ya lalata shi ba.
An yi amfani da wannan fasaha cikin nasara ga wani magani (Patisiran) wanda ke magance wata cuta mai saurin yaduwa ta jijiyoyi tun kafin barkewar cutar COVID-19. Lokacin da annobar COVID-19 ta bulla, masana kimiyya sun sami damar amfani da ilimin da aka samu daga bincike na shekaru da yawa don ƙirƙirar alluran rigakafi masu aminci da inganci cikin sauri fiye da kowane lokaci.
Abu ne na al'ada a ɗan ji tsoro da shakku game da sabbin abubuwa. Amma mRNA babban ci gaba ne a kimiyyar likitanci, wanda aka yi bincike kuma aka haɓaka tsawon shekaru da yawa. Wannan ƙaramin ƙwayar manzo na iya taimaka mana mu magance wasu cututtuka da yawa, kamar ciwon daji, a nan gaba.
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- Allurar rigakafin mRNA ba ta ɗauke da kwayar cutar ba, ko dai tana raye ko kuma ta mutu. Suna ɗauke da umarnin yin wani ɓangare na kwayar cutar ne kawai.
- Waɗannan alluran rigakafi ba sa canza DNA ɗinka . Saƙon mRNA da ke cikin allurar rigakafin zai ɓace daga jiki cikin 'yan kwanaki.
- Wannan don horar da garkuwar jikinka a gaba don yaƙar wata cuta.
- Illolin da ke tattare da hakan yawanci ba su da yawa kuma suna ɓacewa cikin 'yan kwanaki, wanda ke nuna cewa garkuwar jikinka tana aiki.
- Wannan fasaha ce mai aminci kuma mai inganci wadda aka yi bincike a kanta tsawon shekaru da dama.
- Idan kana da wata damuwa ko tambayoyi, yi magana da likitanka game da hakan.
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