Bari mu yi magana game da rundunar sojoji masu ban mamaki a jikinmu: tsarin garkuwar jiki!

Shin kun taɓa tunanin cewa akwai babban yaƙi, yaƙi yana faruwa a cikin jikinmu koyaushe, ba tare da mun sani ba? Ko da mun kamu da mura, zazzabi, ko ma ƙaramin rauni, ƙungiyar ƙananan sojoji a cikin jikinmu suna zuwa aiki nan da nan. Wannan ita ce babbar runduna da ke kare jikinmu, tana yaƙi da ƙwayoyin cuta da cututtuka da ke fitowa daga waje, muna kiran Tsarin Garkuwar Jiki . Wannan kamar rundunar tsaro ta musamman ce da ke cikin jikinmu! Suna cikin shiri awanni 24 a rana, kwana 7 a mako, suna kare mu.

Su waye waɗannan masu kare jikinmu? Bari mu san membobin tsarin garkuwar jiki!

Ka yi tunani a kai, tsarin garkuwar jiki ba abu ɗaya ba ne kawai, kamar babbar ƙungiya ce. Kowanne memba na wannan ƙungiyar, wato, nau'ikan ƙwayoyin halitta da gabobin jiki daban-daban, suna aiki tare don aiwatar da wannan aikin tsaro. Kowannensu yana da nasa rawar ta musamman.

Kwayoyin Jini Masu Fari (Leukocytes) - Masu Kula da Jikinmu

Manyan jaruman wannan rundunar tsaro ana kiransu da ƙwayoyin jini na fari (Leukocytes) . Wataƙila kun ji cewa jini yana ɗauke da ƙwayoyin jini na fari da kuma ƙwayoyin jini na ja. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin jinin fari su ne fagen yaƙi na tsarin garkuwar jikinmu. Akwai nau'ikan ƙwayoyin jinin fari daban-daban (Leukocytes), kamar yadda akwai rukunonin sojoji daban-daban.

Phagocytes - sojoji masu aiki tukuru waɗanda ke neman da kuma lalata ƙwayoyin cuta

Phagocytes ƙungiya ce ta musamman ta ƙwayoyin jinin fari (leukocytes). Kalmar "phagocyte" tana nufin "mai cin ƙwayoyin halitta." Za ka iya gane daga sunan da kansa abin da suke yi. Haka ne, waɗannan ƙwayoyin halittar suna da ƙarfi sosai. Abin da suke yi shi ne gano abubuwa kamar ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda suka shiga jiki, suka kewaye su, kuma, a takaice , 'suka karya su gunduwa-gunduwa su haɗiye su.' Kamar yadda lokacin da mahaifiyarmu ta ga wasu shara a gidanmu, take share su da tsintsiya, waɗannan ƙwayoyin halittar kuma suna cire abubuwa marasa amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta daga jiki suna tsaftace su.

Neutrophil - ƙwararre kan ƙwayoyin cuta

Wani muhimmin memba na ƙungiyar da ake kira phagocytes shine nau'in ƙwayar halitta da ake kira neutrophil . Suna yaƙi da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta musamman.Akan haka. Ka yi tunanin, wani lokacin idan ka je wurin likita da ciwon makogwaro, likitan ya ce, "Wannan dole ne kamuwa da cuta ta bakteriya ce, bari mu yi gwajin jini." Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suke dubawa shine adadin ƙwayoyin neutrophil. Idan akwai kamuwa da cuta ta bakteriya a cikin jiki, jikinmu yana samar da adadi mai yawa na waɗannan ƙwayoyin neutrophil don yaƙar waɗannan mahara. Don haka idan gwajin jini ya nuna cewa adadin ya ƙaru, likita ya fahimci cewa akwai wani irin yaƙin bakteriya da ke faruwa a cikin jiki. Ba wai kawai waɗannan neutrophils ba, akwai kuma nau'ikan phagocytes daban-daban, kowannensu yana yin nasa aikin kare jiki.

Lymphocytes - sojoji masu hankali waɗanda ke tunawa da abokan gaba kuma suna yaƙi

Wani muhimmin rukuni na ƙwayoyin jinin fari (Leukocytes) ana kiransa da Lymphocytes . Ƙwarewarsu ita ce ba wai kawai za su iya gane maƙiya (ƙwayoyin cuta) da ke shiga jiki ba, har ma su tuna da waɗannan maƙiyan . Kamar yadda jami'an 'yan sanda ke adana bayanai da hotunan masu laifi don su iya gane su idan sun sake ganin su. Haka waɗannan ƙwayoyin lymphocytes ke aiki. Akwai manyan nau'ikan waɗannan ƙwayoyin lymphocytes guda biyu. Su ne B Lymphocytes da T Lymphocytes . Dukansu suna fara girma a cikin ƙashinmu. Yayin da ƙwayoyin B lymphocytes ke girma a can, ƙwayoyin T suna tafiya zuwa wani wuri na musamman, glandar thymus (wanda ke saman ƙirjinmu), inda suke samun horo sosai kuma suna shirye don yaƙi.

B Lymphocytes - kamar jami'an leƙen asiri na soja

Ka yi tunanin B Lymphocytes a matsayin jami'an leƙen asiri a cikin rundunar jikinmu. Babban aikinsu shine su gano maƙiya daidai, wato, ƙwayoyin cuta, waɗanda ke shiga jiki su kuma sanar da wasu, "Ga maƙiyi nan!" Ba wai kawai ba, waɗannan ƙwayoyin B sune waɗanda ke samar da wani nau'in 'makami' na musamman, wanda muke kira antibodies . Za mu yi magana game da hakan nan gaba kaɗan.

Kwayoyin T - Kwamandojin da ke shiga yaƙi kai tsaye

To, su waye ne ƙwayoyin T lymphocytes ? Su ne sojojin gaba na rundunarmu, kamar kwamandoji . Bayan ƙwayoyin B suka yi kira, "Ga maƙiyi, ga shi nan!", ƙwayoyin T suna tafiya kai tsaye don halaka waɗannan ƙwayoyin da ke mamaye, ko dai ƙwayoyinmu ne da suka kamu da ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin cutar kansa. Su ne waɗanda a zahiri suke yaƙin.

To ka gani, ko? Waɗannan ƙwayoyin B da ƙwayoyin T suna aiki tare a matsayin ƙungiya don kare jikinmu sosai!

Ta yaya tsarin garkuwar jiki yake aiki daidai? Wannan tsari ne mai ban mamaki!

Yanzu bari mu ga yadda wannan tsarin tsaro mai ƙarfi yake aiki. Yana da tsari mai matuƙar rikitarwa, kuma mai ban mamaki.

Gano Antigens - Kuna buƙatar sanin maƙiyi daidai!

Duk wani abu da ya shiga jikinmu daga waje kuma zai iya zama illa ga jiki, misali, ƙwayoyin cuta (ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta), guba, pollen, da sauransu, suna da alamun ganewa na musamman a saman su. A magani, ana kiran waɗannan alamun antigens . Waɗannan suna kama da alamun da ke kan rigar abokin gaba. Tsarin garkuwar jikinmu yana da kyau sosai wajen gane waɗannan antigens. Da sauri suka fahimci, "Kai, wannan ba ɗaya daga cikinmu ba ne, wannan wani ne daban!"

Yadda ake yin rigakafi da yaƙi - kai hari da makamai na musamman

Ka tuna da waɗannan ƙwayoyin B Lymphocytes da muka ambata a baya? Su ne waɗanda, idan suka gane waɗannan ƙwayoyin antigens, suke karɓar siginar yin wani nau'in furotin na musamman. Waɗannan sunadaran na musamman sune abin da muke kira antibodies . Wani lokaci kuma ana kiransu immunoglobulins . Waɗannan ƙwayoyin rigakafi suna da matuƙar musamman. Don daidaita kowace antigen, ana samar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi waɗanda suka keɓance ga wannan antigen. Don zama daidai, suna kama da maɓalli na musamman wanda ya dace da kowane makulli. Da zarar sun ga antigen ɗin da ya dace, waɗannan ƙwayoyin rigakafi suna tafiya su 'kulle' da shi, wato, suna ɗaure. Lokacin da suka ɗaure kamar haka, mai mamayewa, wato, ƙwayar cuta, ba zai iya yin aikinsa ba. Ko dai ya zama mara aiki, ko kuma ya zama 'alama' ta hanyar da ƙwayoyin halitta kamar phagocytes za su iya kamawa da lalata shi cikin sauƙi.

Ƙwaƙwalwa da tsaro na dogon lokaci - idan maƙiyi ɗaya ya sake dawowa...

Ga wani abu mai ban mamaki game da tsarin garkuwar jiki. Kwayoyin rigakafi da ake yi sau ɗaya galibi suna zama a jikinmu, ko kuma ƙwayoyin B waɗanda suka sa waɗannan ƙwayoyin rigakafi su kasance a matsayin "ƙwayoyin ƙwaƙwalwa." Wannan yana nufin cewa idan wannan ƙwayar cuta ta sake ƙoƙarin shiga jikinmu, tsarin garkuwar jikinmu yana tuna da shi sosai! "Kai, wannan tsohon abokin gaba ne!" Yana gane shi da sauri kuma yana fara yin waɗannan takamaiman ƙwayoyin rigakafi cikin sauri da yawa fiye da da. Sannan, kafin wannan ƙwayar cuta ta sami damar haifar da cuta, kariyarmu tana lalata ta.

Shi ya sa da zarar ka kamu da cuta kamar ciwon daji , ba za ka sake kamuwa da ita cikin sauƙi ba. Jikinmu yana da ƙwayoyin rigakafi da ƙwayoyin ƙwaƙwalwa don yaƙar ta, don haka idan ƙwayar cutar kyanda ta dawo, jikinmu a shirye yake ya yaƙi ta. Wannan shine abin da muke kira garkuwar jiki .

A takaice dai, alluran rigakafiWannan shine abin da alluran rigakafi ke yi. Kafin cutar ta bulla, ana ba wa jiki wani ƙwayar cuta mai rauni ko kuma wadda aka kashe (ko wani ɓangare nata), kuma ana koya wa tsarin garkuwar jikinmu ya gane ta, ya yi mata maganin rigakafi, sannan ya riƙe wannan tunanin. To, idan wannan ƙwayar cuta ta zo da gaske, jikinmu zai yi yaƙi da ita ba tare da ya yi rashin lafiya ba.

Ƙarin bayani game da tsarin garkuwar jikinmu

Tsarin garkuwar jiki tsari ne mai rikitarwa, mai daidaito sosai. Wani lokaci wannan tsarin na iya ɗan damuwa. Misali:

• Idan ba mu yi barci mai kyau ba
• Idan darajar abinci mai gina jiki ta abincin da muke ci ta yi ƙasa
• Idan muna cikin damuwa koyaushe

Waɗannan abubuwa na iya sa tsarin garkuwar jikinmu ya ɗan yi tasiri. Shi ya sa yake da matuƙar muhimmanci mu bi salon rayuwa mai kyau . Samun isasshen barci, cin abinci mai gina jiki, motsa jiki, da kuma farin ciki na iya taimaka wa masu tsaron lafiyarmu su yi aikinsu. Wani lokaci, ba kasafai ba, tsarin garkuwar jiki na iya yin kuskure. Misali, wani lokacin yana fara kai hari ga ƙwayoyin halittarmu masu lafiya (wannan ana kiransa cututtukan da ke ɗauke da garkuwar jiki), ko kuma yana yin fushi fiye da kima ga abubuwan da ba su da lahani (kamar pollen da ƙura) (wannan ana kiransa alerji). Amma waɗannan ba kasafai suke faruwa ba. Mafi yawan lokuta, tsarin garkuwar jikinmu yana kare mu yadda ya kamata.

A taƙaice, muhimman abubuwan da ya kamata ku tuna (Saƙon Ɗauka Gida)

Yanzu kun fahimci yadda wannan rundunar da ake kira garkuwar jiki a jikinmu take da ban mamaki, hazaka, da kuma ba makawa.

• Kariyar jikinmu ce ta halitta: wannan tsarin ne ke kare mu daga ƙwayoyin cuta marasa ganuwa.
• Tarin ƙwayoyin halitta na musamman: Nau'o'in ƙwayoyin jinin fari da dama (kamar phagocytes da lymphocytes ) suna aiki tare don yin wannan aikin.
• Yana gane kuma yana tuna maƙiya: Yana gane antigens , yana yin antibodies a kansu, yana tuna wannan yaƙin, kuma yana ɗaukar mataki cikin sauri idan wannan abokin gaba ya sake dawowa.
• Muna buƙatar taimakawa: Mu ma za mu iya ci gaba da ƙarfafa wannan tsarin ta hanyar rayuwa mai kyau.

Don haka, idan ka sake kamuwa da mura, kada ka firgita. Ka tuna, a cikin jikinka akwai gungun ƙananan jarumai masu hazaka da ke fafatawa a babban yaƙi don kare ka! Bari su yi aikinsu, su tallafa musu ta hanyar samun isasshen hutu da cin abinci mai gina jiki.Tsarin garkuwar jiki hakika yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun baiwar da yanayi ya ba mu!

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Tsarin garkuwar jiki, Farin Kwayoyin Jini, Leukocytes, Antibodies, Antigens, Germs, Health , Tsaron Jiki