Ciwon ƙaiƙayi: Bari mu koyi game da cutar da ta yi sanadiyyar mutuwar mutane a duniya.

Wataƙila ka ji labarin 'ƙanjamau' daga kakanninka. A wancan lokacin, ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin cuta mai matuƙar haɗari da kisa. Labari mai daɗi shine yanzu an kawar da wannan cuta gaba ɗaya daga duniya. Amma a yau za mu yi magana game da abin da wannan ƙanjamau, wadda ta yi sanadiyyar mutuwar miliyoyin mutane a tsawon tarihi, yake, yadda yake yaɗuwa, da kuma menene alamunsa.

Menene ainihin cutar kuraje?

A taƙaice dai, cutar kuturta cuta ce mai matuƙar yaduwa wadda kwayar cuta ba ta samuwa a duniya ta halitta. Tana yaɗuwa daga mutum zuwa mutum. Mutumin da ke ɗauke da cutar kuturta yawanci yana samun alamu kamar zazzaɓi, ciwon jiki, da kuma kuraje masu kama da ƙuraje da suka bazu ko'ina cikin jiki.

Cutar ce mai kisa. Kimanin kashi 30% na waɗanda suka kamu da cutar sun mutu . Ta kashe mutane tsakanin miliyan 300 zuwa 500 a duk duniya a shekarun 1900 kawai, kafin a kawar da cutar a shekarar 1980. Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta kira cutar smallpox "ɗaya daga cikin cututtuka mafi muni da ɗan adam ya taɓa gani."

Masana tarihi sun yi imanin cewa cutar kuturta cuta ce da ta wuce shekaru 3,000. Wannan ya faru ne saboda an sami raunuka irin na kuturta a cikin mummies na Masar. Tare da ci gaban wayewa, cutar ta bazu ko'ina cikin duniya ta hanyoyin kasuwanci.

Bayan lokaci, mutane sun fahimci cewa da zarar mutum ya kamu da cutar kuraje kuma ya warke, ba za su sake kamuwa da ita ba. Daga baya, wani likita ɗan Ingila mai suna Edward Jenner ya gano cewa ana iya kare ɗan adam daga cutar kuraje ta hanyar allurar ƙwayar cuta mai saurin kisa (Cowpox) wadda ke shafar shanu.

A shekarar 1967, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta ƙaddamar da wani babban shiri na kawar da cutar ƙanjamau daga duniya ta hanyar shirin allurar riga-kafi mai yaɗuwa. Sakamakon haka, ba a sami rahoton bullar cutar ƙanjamau ba bayan shekarar 1977. A shekarar 1980, a hukumance aka ayyana ta a matsayin kawar da ita gaba ɗaya daga duniya.

Zuwa yanzu, ƙaramin adadin wannan ƙwayar cuta ana ajiye shi a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai tsanani na tsaro a Amurka da Rasha don dalilai na bincike kawai.

Yadda ake gane alamun cutar ƙaiƙayi?

Sunan ƙaramar kuraje ya fito ne daga babban alamar wannan cuta, wato ƙananan ƙuraje da ke bayyana a fuska, hannuwa, da jiki sannan daga baya su cika da ƙuraje .

Sauran alamun na iya haɗawa da:

• Jin rashin rai da kuma zazzaɓi
• Ciwon kai mai tsanani
• Ciwon jiki
• Ciwon baya mai wahala wanda ba za a iya jurewa ba
• Wani lokacin amai
• Zazzabi mai yawa
• Yana faruwa a cikin bakiKuraje da ƙuraje. Kwayar cutar tana shiga makogwaro ta waɗannan.
• Kurajen fata wanda ke ƙara ta'azzara a hankali
• Kurajen fuska kusa da idanu, wani lokacin suna haifar da makanta

Lokacin Shigarwa na Cutar

A matsakaici, yana ɗaukar kimanin kwanaki 10-12 kafin alamun su bayyana bayan kwayar cutar ta shiga jiki. Duk da haka, wani lokacin wannan lokacin na iya zama gajere kamar kwanaki 7 ko kuma tsawon kwanaki 17. Kwayar cutar ba ta nuna wata alama a cikin 'yan kwanakin farko bayan shiga jiki.

Sai bayan majiyyaci ya kamu da zazzaɓi ne cutar ta fara yaɗuwa ga wani mutum.

Alamomin sun haɗa da zazzabi mai tsanani, rashin lafiya, amai, da ciwon jiki. Bayan kwana biyu, sai ga wani jajayen kuraje a fata. Wannan yana farawa daga baki da makogwaro, sannan ya bazu zuwa fuska da hannuwa, sannan ya bazu zuwa dukkan jiki cikin awanni 24.

Menene yanayin ƙurajen?

Kurajen ƙashi suna rufe dukkan jiki daga kai zuwa ƙafa. Ga yadda waɗannan kurajen ke canzawa a duk lokacin da cutar ta fara:

• Da farko yana farawa ne a matsayin jajayen ɗigo a cikin baki kuma yana bazuwa cikin jiki cikin awanni 24.
• Waɗannan tabo suna juyawa zuwa ƙuraje masu tasowa cike da ruwa mai tsabta.
• Cikin kwana ɗaya ko biyu, waɗannan ƙurajen suna rikidewa zuwa ƙuraje masu cike da majina.
• Cikin kimanin mako guda, waɗannan ƙuraje za su bushe kuma ɓawon zai fito a saman.
• Waɗannan ɓawon za su faɗi cikin makonni 3-4 masu zuwa, amma suna iya haifar da tabo na dindindin .

Shin cutar kyanda da cutar kyanda iri ɗaya ne?

Mutane da yawa suna rikitar da cutar kyanda da kuma cutar kyanda. Duk da cewa dukkansu cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta ne da ke haifar da ƙuraje a fata, akwai bambance-bambance a tsakaninsu.

Me ke haifar da wannan cuta kuma ta yaya take yaɗuwa?

Kwayar cuta mai suna Variola tana haifar da ƙaiƙayi. Akwai manyan nau'ikan wannan ƙwayar cuta guda biyu. Nau'in da ya fi haɗari shine Variola major, wanda ya kashe kusan kashi 30% na waɗanda suka kamu da ita. Nau'in kuma, Variola minor, ya haifar da wata cuta mai ƙarancin tsanani, wadda ta kashe kusan kashi 1%.

Cutar ta yaɗu daga mutum zuwa mutum. Cutar tana farawa da zazzabi. Ana iya yaɗuwar cutar ta hanyar shaƙar digo na yawu idan wani ya yi tari, atishawa, ko magana. Haka kuma ana iya yaɗuwa ta hanyar taɓa tufafin mutumin da ya kamu da cutar, kayan kwanciya, ko ruwan jiki. Ba a yaɗa cutar ta hanyar dabbobi ko kwari.

Menene hanyoyin gano cutar da kuma maganinta?

Ba a taɓa samun rahoton cutar ƙanjamau ba tsawon shekaru da dama, don haka yana iya zama da wahala ga likita ya gano cutar nan take. Ana tabbatar da cutar ta hanyar gwada samfurin nama daga ƙurajen ƙanjamau. Ko da mutum ɗaya yana da cutar ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin gaggawa ta lafiyar duniya.

Akwai magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta da dama da aka amince da amfani da su idan aka samu barkewar cutar. Misalai sun haɗa da tecovirimat (TPOXX) da brincidofovir (Tembexa). An nuna cewa waɗannan suna hana haɓakar ƙwayar cutar ƙanjamau. Ana tara waɗannan magungunan a ƙasashe daban-daban na duniya don gaggawa.

Allurar riga-kafi ta ƙanjamau da labarai masu alaƙa

Shin ka ga tabon zagaye a kafadun iyayenka ko kakanninka?Wannan shine alamar allurar rigakafin ƙaiƙayi. Wannan tabon ba ya faruwa ne ta hanyar allurar da aka yi amfani da ita wajen allurar rigakafin ba. Yana faruwa ne sakamakon martanin tsarin garkuwar jiki ga kwayar cutar vaccinia mai rai da ke cikin allurar.

A wurin da aka yi allurar riga-kafi, ƙuraje masu ciwo da ƙaiƙayi na fara bayyana. Wannan ƙuraje suna bushewa, suna barin tabon zagaye. Samuwar wannan tabon yana nuna cewa an yi nasarar ba da allurar riga-kafi kuma jiki ya sami garkuwar jiki.

Bayan shekarar 1972, ƙasashe da yawa, ciki har da Sri Lanka, sun daina ba wa jama'a alluran rigakafin cutar ƙanjamau. Saboda haka, ba a bai wa matasan zamani wannan allurar ba.

Furanni, Furanni, Kwayar cuta, Alamomin, Furanni, Allurar riga-kafi, tabo, Cututtuka masu yaduwa, Kamuwa da cuta