Kana numfashi a ciki da waje yanzu, ko? Yana faruwa ba tare da mun sani ba, don haka ba ma taɓa yin tunani sosai game da shi ba. Amma ta yaya wannan abin mamaki yake faruwa a cikin jikinmu ba tare da tsayawa na ɗan lokaci ba? A yau za mu yi magana game da tsarin da ke cikin jikinmu wanda ke taimaka mana mu yi haka, wato tsarin numfashi. Wannan kamar injin ne da ke ba da rai ga jikinmu. Bari mu yi ƙoƙarin fahimtar yadda wannan injin yake aiki ta hanya mai sauƙi.
Menene wannan tsarin numfashi?
A taƙaice dai, tsarin numfashi tarin gaɓoɓi ne da sauran sassan jikinka waɗanda ke taimaka maka numfashi. Wannan ya haɗa da huhunka, hancinka, bakinka, da bututun da ke haɗa su (hanyoyin iska). Ba wai kawai haka ba, har ma da tsokoki da ke tallafawa wannan tsarin, jijiyoyin jini, da haƙarƙarin da ke kare duk waɗannan suma wani ɓangare ne na wannan tsarin. Duk waɗannan suna aiki tare don ɗaukar iskar oxygen da muke buƙata lokacin da muke shaƙa da kuma kawar da iskar carbon dioxide da ba mu buƙata lokacin da muke shaƙa.
Waɗanne manyan ayyukan da tsarin numfashi ke yi mana?
Babban aikin wannan tsarin shine ɗaukar iskar oxygen da ƙwayoyin jikinmu ke buƙata da kuma fitar da iskar carbon dioxide da ake samarwa a matsayin sharar gida. Amma ban da haka, wannan tsarin yana kuma yin wani muhimmin aiki. Bari mu ga menene.
| Aikin da ake yi | Kawai a ce... |
|---|---|
| Dumamawa da kuma sanyaya iska | Iskar da muke shaƙa tana dumama ta yadda za ta yi daidai da zafin jikinmu. Haka kuma tana sanya wannan iskar ta yi laushi zuwa matakin danshi da jikinmu ke buƙata. |
| Kare jiki | Yana hana abubuwa masu cutarwa kamar ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙura da ke shigowa lokacin da muke numfashi daga shiga jiki. Idan irin waɗannan abubuwa suka shiga, yana kuma taimakawa wajen fitar da su ta hanyar tari ko atishawa. |
| Ba da damar yin magana | Idan muka yi magana, iska daga huhunmu tana buga igiyoyin murya a makogwaronmu. Wannan girgizar ce ke haifar da sauti. |
| Taimakawa wajen jin ƙamshi | Idan muka shaƙa, ƙwayoyin wari a cikin iska suna taɓa jijiyar ƙamshi a saman hancinmu. Wannan jijiyar tana aika saƙo zuwa kwakwalwa, wanda shine abin da ke ba mu damar jin warin wani abu. |
| Daidaita ma'aunin acid-base na jiki | Idan carbon dioxide a cikin jininmu ya ƙaru, acidity na jini yana ƙaruwa. Don haka, wannan tsarin yana taimakawa wajen cire carbon dioxide da ba a so da kuma kiyaye pH na jininmu a matakin da ya dace. |
Menene sassan tsarin numfashinmu?
Babban gwarzon wannan tsarin shine huhunmu . Amma domin yin wannan aikin yadda ya kamata, akwai wasu sassa da yawa da za su yi aiki tare. Bari mu ga menene su.
| Gabar jiki / sashi | Kawai a ce... |
|---|---|
| Hanci da kuma ramin hanci | Babban hanyar shiga da iska ke shiga jiki. |
| Baki da ramin baki | Shiga ta biyu don iska ta shiga. |
| Sinus | Raƙuman da ke bayan kunci da goshi. Suna taimakawa wajen daidaita yanayin zafi da danshi na iska. |
| Makogwaro (Pharnx) | Hanya ce da iska ke bi daga hanci da baki zuwa huhu. |
| Akwatin Murya (Maƙogwaro) | Ana samun muryoyin da ke taimaka mana mu yi magana a nan. |
| Trachea | Babban bututun da ke ɗauke da iska daga makogwaro zuwa huhu. |
| Bronchi | Manyan hanyoyin iska da ke raba hanyoyin iska zuwa huhu suna kuma ɗaukar iska zuwa huhu. |
| Huhu | Babban cibiyar musayar iskar oxygen da carbon dioxide. |
| Diaphragm | Tsokokin da ke ƙarƙashin huhu suna taimakawa wajen sarrafa tsarin numfashi. |
Za a iya raba wannan tsarin zuwa manyan sassa biyu: hanyar numfashi ta sama da kuma hanyar numfashi ta ƙasa . Sassan kamar hanci, sinuses, da makogwaro suna cikin hanyar numfashi ta sama, yayin da hanyoyin numfashi, bronchi, da huhu suna cikin hanyar numfashi ta ƙasa.
Ta yaya wannan tsarin yake aiki? Labari mai ban mamaki!
Iskar oxygen tana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga ƙwayoyin jikinmu don samar da makamashi. Idan aka samar da wannan makamashi, ana samar da iskar carbon dioxide a matsayin sharar gida. Idan wannan iskar carbon dioxide ta taru a jiki, tana da illa a gare mu. Don haka, babban aikin tsarin numfashi shine musanya waɗannan iskar gas guda biyu. Don yin wannan aikin, tsarin jijiyoyinmu, wato zuciya, jini, da jijiyoyin jini, suna aiki tare.
Ka yi tunanin cewa ƙwayoyin iskar oxygen da ke cikin iskar da muke shaƙa suna kama da miliyoyin fasinjoji a cikin jirgin sama.
Idan ka shaƙa, diaphragm ɗinka yana motsawa ƙasa. Wannan yana ƙara sararin da ke cikin ƙirjinka, kuma iska (tare da fasinjojin da ke ɗauke da iskar oxygen) za ta shiga cikin huhunka. Wannan iskar tana shiga ta hancinka ko bakinka, tana tafiya ta cikin trachea, ta cikin bronchi, kuma, kamar titin jirgin sama, zuwa cikin ƙananan jakar iska da ake kira alveoli a cikin huhunka. Waɗannan kamar ƙofofin filin jirgin sama ne.
Nan ne ainihin aikin ke faruwa. Waɗannan fasinjoji masu iskar oxygen suna tsalle cikin ƙananan jijiyoyin jini (ƙafafun jini) da ke kewaye da waɗannan jakunkunan iska. Kamar taksi ne da ke zuwa yana ɗaukar fasinja wanda ya bar ƙofar filin jirgin sama. Wannan taksi shine jininmu. Sannan, wannan jinin mai iskar oxygen yana zuwa kowace ƙwayar halitta a jiki kuma yana rarraba iskar oxygen.
Me zai faru da carbon dioxide to?
Bayan ƙwayoyin halitta sun yi amfani da iskar oxygen don samar da makamashi, suna samar da iskar carbon dioxide a matsayin sharar gida. Bayan haka fasinjan iskar oxygen ya sauka daga motar, wani fasinja da ake kira carbon dioxide ya hau taksin ɗaya. Sannan wannan jinin ya koma huhu, inda yake zubar da iskar carbon dioxide cikin jakar iska da ake kira alveoli. Idan muka shaƙa, diaphragm ɗin yana motsawa sama, yana rage sararin da ke cikin ƙirji. Sannan iskar tana fitar da iska daga huhu, tana ɗaukar fasinjan iskar carbon dioxide tare da shi.
A lokacin wannan tsari, ƙananan gashi (cilia) da majina a cikin hanyoyin numfashinmu suna tace ƙura da ƙwayoyin cuta da ke shiga. Suna aiki kamar ƙananan tsintsiya suna share tituna.
Wadanne cututtuka ne zasu iya shafar tsarin numfashi?
Abin takaici, akwai yanayi da yawa da zasu iya shafar wannan muhimmin tsari. Waɗannan yanayi na iya faruwa ne sakamakon ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, fungi, da kuma hayaki da ƙura a cikin iskar da muke shaƙa. Wasu cututtuka kuma na iya faruwa ne sakamakon abubuwan da suka shafi kwayoyin halitta.
| Yanayin lafiya | Gabatarwa kaɗan |
|---|---|
| Rashin lafiyar rhinitis | Yanayi kamar asma wanda ke faruwa sakamakon rashin lafiyar abubuwa kamar pollen, ƙura, da kuma kurajen dabbobi. |
| Cututtukan numfashi na yau da kullun | Cututtuka masu ɗorewa kamar su asma, COPD (Cutar toshewar huhu ta yau da kullun), da kuma Cystic Fibrosis. |
| Cututtukan numfashi | Cututtukan hanyoyin numfashi na sama kamar mura da sanyi, da kuma cututtukan hanyoyin numfashi na ƙasa kamar ciwon huhu. |
| Kumburi | Kumburin hanyoyin iska sakamakon kamuwa da cuta. Misali: Ciwon maƙogwaro, cutar sinusitis. |
| Tabon huhu (cutar huhu ta tsakiya) | Cututtuka kamar Fibrosis na huhu suna haifar da tabo na dindindin da tauri na huhu. |
| toshewar hanyar iska | Toshewar hanyar iska sakamakon wani abu na waje, ciwon daji ko wanda ba shi da kansa. |
Waɗanne alamomi ya kamata mu damu da su?
Idan kana da matsala da tsarin numfashinka, za ka iya fuskantar waɗannan alamu:
- Wahalar numfashi ko ƙarancin numfashi (dyspnea)
- Tari mai ɗorewa
- Yin sautin 'cuku-cuku' lokacin numfashi (amon numfashi)
- Ciwon ƙirji ko matsewa
- Mura akai-akai
- Zubar da jini da majina
- Launin shuɗi na lebe, fata ko farce (cyanosis) - Wannan yanayi ne mai matuƙar tsanani kuma yana buƙatar kulawar likita nan take. Idan ya cancanta, ya kamata a tura ku zuwa ETU (Sashen Kula da Gaggawa).
Ta yaya muke kiyaye lafiyar tsarin numfashinmu?
Ya kamata mu yi ƙoƙari mu ci gaba da wannan muhimmin tsari a tsawon rayuwarmu. Akwai wasu abubuwa kaɗan da za mu iya yi don yin hakan.
1. A guji shan taba gaba ɗaya. Shan taba sigari ko shan sigari shine babban lahani da za ka iya yi wa huhunka. Waɗannan na iya haifar da cututtuka masu tsanani da yawa, ciki har da ciwon daji.
2. A guji shaƙar abubuwa masu cutarwa. A guji hayakin da aka yi amfani da shi, sinadarai, da muhalli mai ƙura gwargwadon iyawa. Idan kun fuskanci waɗannan abubuwa ta hanyar aikinku, a sanya abin rufe fuska mai dacewa.
3. Sha ruwa mai yawa. Idan ka sha ruwan da ake buƙata a duk tsawon yini, majina a cikin huhunka zai yi siriri kuma zai iya fitar da shi cikin sauƙi.
4. Yi motsa jiki akai-akai.Idan muka motsa jiki, tsokoki a cikin huhunmu suna ƙaruwa, kuma ingancin numfashinmu yana ƙaruwa.
5. Kare kanka daga kamuwa da cututtuka. A wanke hannu akai-akai kuma sosai. A nemi alluran rigakafi don cututtukan numfashi kamar mura akan lokaci.
Yaushe ya kamata in ga likita?
Idan kana da tari mai ɗorewa, wahalar numfashi, ciwon ƙirji, ko wasu alamu marasa daɗi, don Allah ka tuntuɓi likitanka ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba.
Ana iya magance cututtuka da yawa na numfashi, idan aka gano su da wuri, kuma a yi musu magani kafin su yi tsanani. Don haka a kula da jikinka koyaushe.
Ka shaƙa. Ka shaƙa. Wannan tsari mai sauƙi shine rayuwarmu. Yana taimaka mana mu ji ƙamshi, magana, da waƙa. Kuma mafi mahimmanci, yana kawo iskar oxygen mai ba da rai ga ƙwayoyin halittarmu. Don haka ku kula da wannan tsarin mai ban mamaki. Idan akwai wata matsala, ku nemi shawarar likita. Sannan za ku iya numfashi cikin sauƙi.
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- Tsarin numfashinmu tsari ne mai ban mamaki wanda ke ɗaukar iskar oxygen, wanda yake da mahimmanci ga rayuwa, kuma yana fitar da iskar carbon dioxide da ba a so.
- Wannan tarin gaɓoɓi ne masu sarkakiya waɗanda suka haɗu daga hanci zuwa mafi zurfin sassan huhu.
- Shan taba sigari shine babban abokin gaba na wannan tsarin. Ta hanyar gujewa hakan, ana iya hana cututtuka da yawa.
- Rayuwa mai kyau (motsa jiki, shan ruwa mai yawa, guje wa gurɓatawa) na iya kare lafiyar tsarin numfashi.
- Kada ka taɓa yin watsi da alamun kamar tari mai ɗorewa da kuma wahalar numfashi. Ka tuntubi likitanka da wuri-wuri.
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