Shin kun san cewa a bayan duk abin da kuke tunani, magana, tafiya, da ji akwai tsarin sadarwa mai sauri a jikinku? Kamar Intanet da ke ɗauke da bayanai a faɗin duniya, akwai wata hanyar sadarwa mai ban mamaki a cikin jikinmu wadda ke ɗauke da bayanai daga kwakwalwarmu zuwa yatsun hannunmu. Wannan shine abin da muke kira tsarin jijiyoyi . A yau, bari mu yi magana game da wannan tsarin mai ban mamaki ta hanya mai sauƙi.
A taƙaice dai, menene tsarin jijiyoyi?
Tsarin jijiyoyi shine babban hanyar sadarwa ta jikinka. Ka yi tunanin kwakwalwarka a matsayin babbar cibiyar sarrafawa, kamar babbar kwamfuta. Ana buƙatar a aika umarnin wannan kwamfutar zuwa kowane ɓangare na jikinka. Tsarin jijiyoyi shine "tsarin wayoyi" wanda ke ɗauke da waɗannan saƙonnin. Akwai manyan sassa uku na wannan tsarin. Su ne kwakwalwa, kashin baya, da jijiyoyi.
Shin kun san yadda ake musayar waɗannan saƙonnin? Muna da biliyoyin ƙananan ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi a jikinmu. Muna kiran waɗannan ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi . Saƙon yana tsalle daga wani ƙwayar jijiya zuwa wani ta cikin ƙaramin gibi tsakanin waɗannan ƙwayoyin. Muna kiran wannan gibin synapse . Wannan tsalle yana faruwa ne saboda wani nau'in sinadarai na musamman da ake kira neurotransmitters . Wataƙila kun ji labarin dopamine da serotonin , kuma waɗannan ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi ne.
Ka yi tunanin kana tafiya a kan titi kuma ka taka ƙaya ba da gangan ba. Nan da nan ka ɗaga ƙafarka, ko ba haka ba? Ga abin da ke faruwa: Jijiyoyin da ke cikin ƙafarka suna aika saƙon, "Wannan yana ciwo!" a gudun fiye da mil 200 a kowace awa tare da ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi a cikin kashin baya zuwa kwakwalwarka. Kwakwalwa ta fahimci wannan saƙon kuma ta mayar da umarnin, "Ka fitar da ƙafarka daga hanya!" Duk wannan yana faruwa ne a cikin ƙiftawar ido. Wannan shine abin mamakin tsarin jijiyoyi.
Menene manyan sassan tsarin jijiyoyi?
Tsarin jijiyoyinmu za a iya raba su zuwa manyan sassa biyu bisa ga ayyukan da yake yi.
1. Tsarin Jijiyoyin Tsakiya (CNS)
Wannan ita ce "Cibiyar Umarni" ta jikinmu. Ta ƙunshi kwakwalwa da kashin baya kawai.
- Kwakwalwa: Kwakwalwa ita ce babbar kwamfuta a jikinmu. Kwakwalwa tana sarrafa komai tun daga abin da muke tunani, koyo, da tunawa har zuwa abin da ke faruwa ba tare da mun sani ba, kamar sarrafa bugun zuciyarmu, numfashi, da hawan jini .
- Igiyar Baya:Wannan kamar babban "kebul ɗin bayanai" ne da ke saukowa daga kwakwalwa. Yana ɗauke da saƙonni daga kwakwalwa zuwa sauran jiki, kuma yana ɗauke da saƙonni daga jiki zuwa kwakwalwa.
Saboda wannan tsarin jijiyoyi na tsakiya yana da matuƙar muhimmanci, yana da kariya sosai. Kwakwalwa tana da kariya a cikin kwanyar , kuma kashin baya yana da kariya a cikin kashin baya . Bugu da ƙari, duka suna rufe da siraran membranes guda uku da ake kira meninges da wani ruwa na musamman da ake kira cerebrospinal fluid, wanda ke ba da ƙarin kariya.
2. Tsarin Jijiyoyin Gefe (PNS)
A taƙaice dai, ɓangaren tsarin jijiyoyi ne wanda ke ɗauke da dukkan jijiyoyi da ke gudana kamar hanyar sadarwa a cikin jiki, sai dai kwakwalwa da kashin baya. An ƙara raba wannan zuwa sassa biyu.
Tsarin Jijiyoyin Kai
Wannan ɓangaren yana sarrafa ayyukan da ba mu da iko a kansu, amma suna faruwa ta atomatik. Misali, abubuwa kamar numfashi, bugun zuciya, narkewar abinci, da hawan jini. Hakanan yana da sassa biyu waɗanda ke aiki akan juna:
- Tsarin Tausayi: Wannan shine abin da ke shirya jiki don gaggawa. Muna kiransa da martanin "faɗa ko gudu" . A wannan lokacin, bugun zuciya yana ƙaruwa kuma numfashi yana ƙaruwa da sauri.
- Tsarin Parasympathetic : Wannan tsarin yana kwantar da hankalin jiki kuma yana kawo shi cikin yanayi na hutawa da narkewar abinci.
Tsarin Jijiyoyin Somatic
Wannan ɓangaren yana sarrafa abubuwan da muke yi da saninmu. Misali, motsa gaɓoɓinmu, magana, da jin taɓawar wani abu. Hakanan yana sarrafa gaɓoɓinmu (ɗanɗano, ƙamshi, gani, da ji).
Cututtukan da ke shafar tsarin jijiyoyi
Duk da cewa tsarin jijiyoyi yana da kariya sosai, amma wasu lokutan yana iya lalacewa sakamakon cututtuka daban-daban da haɗurra. Bari mu dubi wasu daga cikin manyan yanayi.
| Nau'in inganci | Misalai da taƙaitaccen bayani |
|---|---|
| Cututtuka | Kwayoyi na iya kamuwa da tsarin jijiyoyi. - Ciwon Sanyi: Kumburin membranes da ke kewaye da kwakwalwa da kashin baya. - Encephalitis: Kamuwa da cuta da kumburin kwakwalwa. - Polio: Cutar kwayar cuta ce da ke shafar jijiyoyi. |
| raunuka | Matsewar jijiya ko lalacewa sakamakon haɗurra ko wasu yanayi. - Ciwon Tunnel na Carpal: Matsewar jijiya a wuyan hannu. - Ciwon Jijiyoyin Jijiyoyi na Gefe: Lalacewar jijiyoyi a wajen kwakwalwa da kashin baya. |
| Matsalolin tsarin jijiyoyi | Cututtukan da ke lalata aikin tsarin jijiyoyi. - Cutar Parkinson: Ciwon kwakwalwa wanda ke shafar motsi. - Multiple Sclerosis: Lalacewar murfin kariya da ke kewaye da jijiyoyi. - Cutar Alzheimer: Cutar da ke haifar da asarar hankali a hankali. - ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis): Cutar da ke haifar da rashin ikon sarrafa tsoka. |
| Matsalolin Jijiyoyin Jini | Lalacewar tasoshin jini na iya shafar tsarin jijiyoyi. - Shanyewar Jini: Dakatar da kwararar jini zuwa kwakwalwa ko kuma fashewar tasoshin jini. - TIA (Harin Ischemic na Canji): Katsewar isar jini zuwa kwakwalwa na ɗan lokaci. |
Mene ne alamun matsalar jijiya?
Alamomin lalacewar jijiyoyi sun bambanta dangane da nau'in jijiyar da ta lalace.
| Nau'in jijiyar da abin ya shafa | Alamomin da ka iya faruwa |
|---|---|
| Jijiyoyin Mota (Yana sarrafa tsokoki) | - Raunin tsoka, zafi, girgiza - Rashin daidaiton jiki, wahalar tafiya - Wahala wajen yin ayyuka masu sauƙi da hannuwa da yatsu |
| Jijiyoyin Jijiyoyi (taɓawa, zafin jiki, zafi) | - Jin kamshi, ƙonewa, da kuma jin ƙara a gaɓɓai - Rage jin zafi, sanyi, da zafi - Wahala wajen yin ayyuka masu sauƙi kamar maɓalli |
| Jijiyoyin Kai (Yana sarrafa ayyukan da ke faruwa ta atomatik) | - Buga bugun zuciya mai sauri ko jinkirin da ba a saba gani ba - Canjin hawan jini - Gumi mai yawa ko rashin gumi - Wahalar hadiye abinci, maƙarƙashiya ko gudawa |
Abu mafi muhimmanci shi ne cewa wasu daga cikin waɗannan alamomin na iya faruwa ne sakamakon wasu yanayi. Don haka, idan ka ci gaba da fuskantar waɗannan alamomin, ya fi kyau ka ga likitanka don gano ainihin abin da ke haifar da su.
Ta yaya muke kiyaye lafiyar tsarin jijiyoyinmu?
Akwai wasu abubuwa masu sauƙi da za mu iya yi don kare tsarin jijiyoyinmu mai daraja.
Muhimmancin abinci mai gina jiki
Abincin da muke ci yana shafar lafiyar kwakwalwarmu da jijiyoyinmu kai tsaye. Waɗannan sinadarai masu gina jiki suna da matuƙar muhimmanci:
- Omega-3 fatty acids: Waɗannan suna da yawa a cikin kifaye masu mai kamar salmon da tuna, flaxseed, chia tsaba, da gyada.
- Bitamin B: Ana iya samunsa daga kaza, kifi, ƙwai, yogurt, dankali, wake, da kayan lambu kore.
- Maganin hana tsufa: Ana samun waɗannan a cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan lambu masu launuka iri-iri, hatsi gaba ɗaya, goro, da kayan ƙanshi.
Duk lokacin da zai yiwu, yi ƙoƙarin cin abinci na halitta maimakon abinci da aka sarrafa . Wannan yana nufin rage yawan abincin da aka shirya da kuma abincin da aka adana.
Gudanar da damuwa
Idan kana cikin damuwa ko damuwa akai-akai, hakan yana sanya damuwa mara amfani ga tsarin jijiyoyinka. Ga wasu abubuwan da za ka iya yi don taimakawa wajen magance wannan:
- Numfashi mai zurfi: Yi numfashi a hankali da zurfi.
- Motsa Jiki: Motsa jiki kamar tafiya da iyo suna da kyau sosai.
- Ayyukan kwantar da hankali:Gwada abubuwa kamar tunani da yoga.
- Samun isasshen barci: Idan kai babba ne, ka samu isasshen barci na tsawon awanni 7-9 a rana.
Idan waɗannan abubuwan ba su taimaka ba, yi magana da likitanka . Wataƙila kana buƙatar magani ko wasu magunguna.
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- Tsarin jijiyoyi shine babban hanyar sadarwa da ke musayar saƙonni tsakanin kwakwalwa da sauran jikinmu.
- Manyan sassa guda biyu sune tsarin jijiyoyi na tsakiya (kwakwalwa, kashin baya) da kuma tsarin jijiyoyi na gefe (duk sauran jijiyoyi).
- Alamomin lalacewar jijiyoyi na iya bambanta. Idan alamun suka ci gaba, kamar su suma a gaɓoɓi, raunin tsoka, ko matsalolin daidaito, tuntuɓi likitanka nan da nan.
- Cin abinci mai gina jiki, daidaita damuwa, da kuma samun isasshen barci yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga lafiyar tsarin jijiyoyi.
- Kare kwakwalwarka da kashin baya daga haɗari ta hanyar sanya kwalkwali yayin hawa keke, yin wasanni, da kuma sanya bel ɗin kujera lokacin hawa a cikin motoci.
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