Shin ka taɓa yin mamakin yadda kake yanke shawara, yadda kake sarrafa abin da za ka faɗa da abin da ba za ka faɗa ba lokacin da kake magana da abokai, ko kuma yadda kake tsara wani abu mai rikitarwa? Akwai wani muhimmin ɓangare na kwakwalwarmu wanda ke da alhakin duk waɗannan abubuwa, kamar 'shugaba'. Wannan ɓangaren shine abin da muke kira Frontal Lube, ko kuma a Sinhala, Lalata Kandikava. Bari mu yi magana game da wannan a cikin sauƙi a yau.
Menene Frontal Lobe?
A taƙaice dai, gaban goshi shine ɓangaren kwakwalwa da ke bayan goshinku, a gaban kanku. Kwakwalwarmu ta kasu kashi huɗu, ko kuma lobes. Waɗannan su ne gaban goshi, parietal, temporal, da occipital lobes. Kowanne daga cikin waɗannan sassan yana sarrafa takamaiman ayyuka a jikinmu.
Mafi girma daga cikin waɗannan sassa huɗu shine Frontal Lobe. Ka yi tunanin, saman kwakwalwarmu mai ƙumburi, wato, Cortex, yana rufe da wannan Frontal Lobe. Wannan Cortex yana sarrafa manyan hanyoyin tunaninmu kamar harshe, ƙwaƙwalwa, da tunani.
A taƙaice dai, wannan kamar Shugaba ne ko shugaban ƙungiyarmu . Shi ne wanda ke yanke shawara mafi mahimmanci, yana yin tsare-tsare, kuma yana daidaita sauran sassan.
Mene ne manyan abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin Frontal Lobe?
Aikin da wannan ɓangaren ya yi yana da girma sosai. Duk da cewa an raba shi zuwa ƙananan sassa domin ya sauƙaƙa wa masu bincike su yi nazari, bari mu fahimci manyan ayyukansa kamar yadda suke da alaƙa da rayuwar yau da kullun.
Sarrafa motsinmu
Wannan ɓangaren yana sarrafa duk motsin da muke yi na son rai, kamar miƙa hannu da ɗaukar wani abu, tafiya, da kuma ƙirƙirar kalmomi don yin magana. Musamman yankin da ake kira Primary Motor Cortex shine ke da alhakin wannan aikin. Abin mamaki, gaban kwakwalwa na dama yana sarrafa motsi a gefen hagu na jiki, kuma gefen hagu yana sarrafa motsi a gefen dama.
Yanke shawara, tsare-tsare, da kuma halayen mutum
Wannan shine mafi ban mamaki da rikitarwa aikin Frontal Lobe .
- Yanke Shawara da Magance Matsaloli: Wannan sashe yana taimaka maka ka yi tunani mataki-mataki don zaɓar tsakanin nagarta da mugunta, da kuma magance matsaloli idan sun taso.
- Tsare-tsare: Wannan yana taimakawa da komai, tun daga tsara wani abu mai sauƙi kamar yin kofi da safe zuwa tsara babban aiki.
- Halayyar mutum da kuma zamantakewarsa: Halayyar mutum, wato, yadda yake gudanar da ayyukansa, tunaninsa, da kuma yadda yake sarrafa motsin zuciyarsa.Wannan yana tasiri sosai ga abubuwa kamar yadda muke yi. Wannan shine ɓangaren da ke taimaka mana mu fahimci yadda ake magana da kuma yin aiki a cikin al'umma (alamun zamantakewa).
- Mayar da Hankali: Yana taimaka maka ka ci gaba da mai da hankali kan aiki da kuma guje wa abubuwan da ke ɓata maka rai.
Hira da harshe
Gabar gaba tana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga fahimtar magana da harshe. Musamman ma, yankin Broca , wanda ke gefen hagu na gabar kwakwalwa na yawancin mutanen da ke hannun dama, yana taimaka mana wajen samar da magana.
Tsawon wane lokaci ne gaban goshin gaba zai yi girma sosai?
Wannan lamari ne mai matuƙar muhimmanci da ban sha'awa. Idan aka haife mu, kwakwalwarmu tana da kashi 25% kacal na girman kwakwalwar manya . Wannan yana nufin cewa kwakwalwarmu tana fuskantar girma da canji mai yawa a duk lokacin ƙuruciya da samartaka.
Musamman ma, Prefrontal Cortex , wani ɓangare na Frontal Lobe wanda ke da alhakin abubuwa masu rikitarwa kamar yanke shawara, tsarawa, da sarrafa motsin rai , yawanci yana ɗaukar kimanin shekaru 25 kafin ya girma gaba ɗaya.
Shi ya sa, a lokacin ƙuruciya, wato tsakanin shekaru 13 zuwa 19, yara kan yi abubuwa daban-daban, wani lokacin kuma wani. A wani lokacin suna da hankali da hankali, kuma a wani lokacin suna yin abubuwa marasa ma'ana. Dalilin shi ne cewa har yanzu ana "ƙera Lube na Frontal". Wannan ba yana nufin ba za su iya yin tunani ko tunani ba. Duk da haka, waɗannan iyawar ba su da ƙarfi tukuna.
Yawan yadda wannan ci gaban ke faruwa ya bambanta daga mutum zuwa mutum. Abubuwa da yawa, ciki har da kwayoyin halitta, abinci mai gina jiki, rashin lafiya , da barci, suna shafar wannan. Yawanci, wannan ɓangaren kwakwalwa da aka gano a matsayin mace a lokacin haihuwa (AFAB) yana ƙarewa a farkon shekarunsa na 20, yayin da zai iya ci gaba har zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 20, wani lokacin kuma zuwa farkon shekarun 30, ga waɗanda aka gano a matsayin maza a lokacin haihuwa (AMAB).
Me zai faru idan Frontal Lobe ya lalace?
Wannan ɓangaren yana gaban kanmu, don haka yana da yuwuwar lalacewa a lokacin haɗari. Hakanan yana iya lalacewa ta hanyar bugun jini, ciwace-ciwacen kwakwalwa, ko wasu yanayi na lafiya. Akwai alamu da yawa da zasu iya faruwa idan irin wannan lalacewar ta faru.
| Alamar | Bayani mai sauƙi |
|---|---|
| Canje-canje a cikin hali da hali | Jin kamar ba kai ne mutumin da kake a da ba. Faɗi/yin abubuwan da ba su dace da zamantakewa ba, rashin iya sarrafa motsin zuciyarka (hana motsin rai), da kuma rashin tausayi. |
| Matsalolin magana (Broca's Aphasia) | Yana da wuya a sami kalmomin da suka dace don faɗin abin da ke cikin raina. Tattaunawar ta yi tsami, kuma akwai gibi tsakanin kalmomin. |
| Wahalar tsarawa da aiwatar da ayyuka | Ko da aiki mai sauƙi (misali yin shayi) ba za a iya yinsa mataki-mataki ba. (Matsalolin jeri) |
| Inna | Rashin jin rauni ko rauni a hannu, ƙafa, ko wani ɓangare na fuska a gefe guda na raunin. |
| Matsalolin hankali | Ba za ka iya mai da hankali kan aiki ɗaya ba, cikin sauƙi abubuwan da ke faruwa a kusa da kai za su ɗauke maka hankali. |
| Rashin sha'awa (Adynamia) | Babu wani sha'awa ko kwarin gwiwa na fara ko ci gaba da komai. |
Ciwon Hauka na Frontotemporal (FTD)
Wannan nau'in hauka ne da ke shafar Frontal Lobe da Temporal Lobe. A wannan yanayin, ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa suna mutuwa a hankali. Sakamakon haka, ƙwarewar da waɗannan sassan ke sarrafawa suna ɓacewa. Akwai manyan nau'ikan wannan ma. Wasu mutane suna fuskantar canje-canjen ɗabi'a da farko, yayin da wasu kuma ke fuskantar matsalolin harshe da farko.
Wasu yanayin lafiya
- Farfadiya a Gaba: Matsalolin da ke faruwa a wannan yanki na iya haifar da farfadiya.
- Ciwon Gaba: Ciwon bugun jini da toshewar jijiyoyin jini da ke samar da wannan yanki na iya haifar da alamun da ke sama.
Idan kai ko wani da ka sani yana da ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin waɗannan alamomin da suka daɗe suna faruwa, sai ka nemi likita mai ƙwarewa nan take.Yana da matuƙar muhimmanci. Likitan zai iya tura ka zuwa gwaje-gwaje masu zuwa idan ya cancanta:
- Gwaje-gwajen jini
- CT scan
- Duban MRI
- EEG (Electroencephalogram) - don auna aikin lantarki na kwakwalwa
- Gwajin ilimin halayyar kwakwalwa
Ta yaya za mu kiyaye lafiyar gabanmu?
Kwakwalwarmu wani ɓangare ne na jikinmu, don haka kiyaye lafiyar dukkan jiki shine hanya mafi kyau ta kiyaye lafiyar kwakwalwa.
- Cin abinci mai kyau: Cin abinci mai wadataccen bitamin da ma'adanai na iya kiyaye lafiyar tsarin jijiyoyin jini da kuma rage haɗarin kamuwa da bugun jini.
- Ka kasance mai motsa jiki: Motsa jiki yana da kyau sosai ga zagayawar jini.
- Kiyaye nauyin da ya dace.
- Idan kana da wasu cututtuka (kamar ciwon suga, hawan jini), ka kula da su yadda ya kamata bisa ga umarnin likitanka .
- Kare kanka: Sanya bel ɗin kujera yayin tuƙi da kuma kwalkwali yayin hawa kekuna/babur. Yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ka kare kanka daga haɗari.
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- Gabar gaba kamar 'Shugaba' ne na kwakwalwarmu. Yana sarrafa muhimman ayyuka kamar halayenmu, motsinmu, yanke shawara, magana, da tsare-tsare.
- Wannan ɓangaren yana ɗaukar har zuwa kusan shekara 25 kafin ya girma gaba ɗaya. Wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da ke haifar da wasu halaye da ake nunawa a lokacin ƙuruciya.
- Idan goshin gaba ya lalace saboda haɗurra, bugun jini, ko cututtuka, matsaloli masu tsanani kamar canjin hali, wahalar magana, da wahalar motsi na iya faruwa.
- Kare kanka da kuma kiyaye salon rayuwa mai kyau gaba ɗaya (abinci mai kyau, motsa jiki) yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga lafiyar kwakwalwarka.
- Idan kana cikin shakku game da kowace alama da aka ambata a nan, don Allah ka tuntuɓi likitan iyali (likita) don neman shawara.
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