He aha nā bacteria? E aʻo hou kākou e pili ana i kēia mau mea ola liʻiliʻi!

Ua ʻike anei ʻoe he miliona mau meaola liʻiliʻi a puni mākou, a i loko o ko mākou kino, ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke ʻike? ʻO ia ke ʻano o nā bacteria . He maikaʻi kekahi, he kolohe iki kekahi, ʻo ia hoʻi hiki iā lākou ke hoʻoulu i nā maʻi. E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kēia mau bacteria a pau i kēia lā, ʻae?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he mau meaola microscopic nā bacteria, hoʻokahi cell . Kāhea mākou i kahi bacteria hoʻokahi he 'bacteria'. He miliona, a he piliona paha, o nā ʻano bacteria like ʻole ma nā wahi a pau o ka honua, a hiki i loko o kou kino. Aia lākou ma kou ʻili, ma kou ihu, ma kou waha, a ma kāu ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe, ʻōnaehana hānau, a me ke ala mimi. E noʻonoʻo wale, ʻōlelo nā kānaka ʻepekema he ʻumi manawa ka nui o nā cell bacteria ma mua o nā cell kanaka i loko o ko mākou kino! ʻAʻole anei he mea kupaianaha?

He aha ka hopena maikaʻi o ka bacteria iā mākou?

ʻAʻole maikaʻi ʻole nā ​​bacteria a pau. He kōkua nui kekahi ʻano bacteria iā kākou. Loaʻa pinepine kēia mau bacteria kōkua ma ko kākou ʻili a ma loko o ko kākou ʻōpū, ʻo ia hoʻi ko kākou ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe. Kāhea mākou iā lākou ʻo ko kākou bacteria noho, a i ʻole ko kākou 'flora noho', a i ʻole kou 'microbiome'. ʻO kēia ke kaiāulu o nā microorganism e noho ana i loko a ma luna o kou kino. Kōkua kēia mau bacteria maikaʻi i loko o ka ʻōpū iā kākou e omo i nā meaʻai , e hoʻoheheʻe i ka meaʻai , a hoʻōki i ka ulu ʻana o nā bacteria ʻino. Ua like lākou me ko kākou mau hoaaloha maikaʻi loa.

He aha nā pilikia o ka bacteria?

ʻOiai ʻaʻole ʻino ka hapa nui o nā bacteria, hiki i kekahi mau ʻano ke hoʻomaʻi iā ʻoe. Kāhea mākou i kēia mau ʻano bacteria he 'pathogens '. ʻO nā pathogens he mau microorganisms e hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka maʻi. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻonui koke i loko o kou kino a hana i nā toxins . ʻO ia ka manawa e loaʻa ai kahi maʻi.

Eia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o nā bacteria ʻino:

• Streptococcus : ʻO ka bacteria e hoʻoulu ai i nā maʻi ʻāʻī, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka strep throat.
• ʻO Staphylococcus : ʻO ka bacteria e hoʻoulu ai i nā maʻi staph i ka ʻili.
• ʻO Escherichia coli : ʻO ka bacteria e hoʻoulu ai i nā maʻi E. coli.

ʻO kēia mau bacteria kekahi kuleana nui no ka lāʻau make koko, kahi kūlana i kapa ʻia ʻo "septicemia." Hana ʻia kēia ke komo nā bacteria i loko o kou koko. Hiki i nā bacteria i loko o kou koko ke laha a alakaʻi i kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo "sepsis." ʻO Sepsis kahi pane nui o kou kino i kahi maʻi i laha ma loko o kou kino.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe o nā bacteria pathogenic:

• Aerococcus urinae: He bacteria e hoʻoulu ai i nā maʻi ʻōnaehana mimi.
• ʻO Chlamydia trachomatis : ʻO ka bacteria e hoʻoulu ai i kahi maʻi i hoʻouna ʻia ma ke moekolohe (STI) i kapa ʻia ʻo chlamydia.
• ʻO Bordetella pertussis : ʻO ka bacteria e hoʻoulu ai i ka ʻū whooping.

Hiki ke mālama ʻia nā maʻi bacteria he nui me nā antibiotics . Eia nō naʻe, inā lawe pinepine ʻoe i nā antibiotics, ʻoi aku ka nui o kou kino e kūʻē iā lākou. Eia kekahi, inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e lawe i nā antibiotics no ka papa holoʻokoʻa a i ʻole e like me ka ʻōlelo a kāu kauka iā ʻoe, ʻoi aku ka nui o kou kūʻē ʻana i ka bacteria.

Pehea e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ai nā bacteria?

Hoʻohana nā kānaka ʻepekema i kekahi mau ʻano hana e hoʻokaʻawale i nā bacteria.

Ma ka inoa ʻepekema

ʻO kekahi ala ma o ko lākou inoa ʻepekema. Hoʻokomo pū kēia inoa i ko lākou "genus" - kahi inoa i hāʻawi ʻia i nā bacteria ma muli o ko lākou ʻano - a me nā "ʻano" i loko o kēlā ʻano. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka inoa ʻepekema no ka bacteria e hoʻoulu ai i ka maʻi "botulism" ʻo "Clostridium botulinum" . ʻOiai i loko o ka ʻano like, hiki i nā kānaka ʻepekema ke loaʻa nā "ʻano" like ʻole.

Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka bacteria

ʻO kekahi ala ʻē aʻe ma ke ʻano o ka bacteria. ʻEkolu mau ʻano o ka bacteria:

• ʻAno poepoe a poepoe paha (`cocci ba CTE ria` - bacteria cocci)
• ʻAno koʻokoʻo a lāʻau paha (`bacilli`)
• ʻAno wili a helical paha (`spirochetes`)

Wahi a ke koi o ka oxygen

Hoʻokaʻawale nā ​​​​​​kānaka ʻepekema i nā bacteria e like me ka pono o ka oxygen e ola a ulu.

• ʻO nā bacteria e pono ai ka oxygen ua kapa ʻia ʻo 'aerobes '.
• ʻO nā bacteria i hiki ʻole ke ola a ulu paha i ke alo o ka oxygen ua kapa ʻia ʻo 'anaerobes '.
• Hiki i kekahi mau bacteria ke ola a ulu me ka oxygen a i ʻole me ka ʻole. Ua kapa ʻia lākou he "bacteria facultative" .

Wahi a ke ʻano hoʻonohonoho genetic

ʻO kekahi ala ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ke nānā ʻana i ke ʻano hoʻoilina o nā bacteria. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia bacteria kahi hoʻonohonoho kū hoʻokahi o nā genes. Ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻo kā lākou 'genotype' . Hiki i nā hoʻokolohua kūikawā ke ʻike i nā ʻokoʻa o kēia mau ʻano hoʻoilina.

Ma ke kaha ʻana - Gram Staining

He mea nui kēia. Hoʻokaʻawale pū nā kānaka ʻepekema i nā bacteria ma ke kala a lākou e hāʻawi ai ma hope o ko lākou hoʻoluʻu ʻia ʻana me nā kemika kūikawā (`stains`). ʻO kekahi ʻano hoʻoluʻu kaulana ʻo ia ka ``Gram staining`` . Hoʻokaʻawale kēia i nā bacteria ma ke ʻano he ``gram- positive`` a i ʻole ``gram -negative``. Kōkua pū kēia Gram staining i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. No ka mea, ʻokoʻa ka pane ʻana o nā bacteria gram-positive a me gram-negative i kekahi mau antibiotics.

He aha nā bacteria Gram-positive?

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā bacteria he gram-positive a gram-negative paha ma muli o ke kala a lākou e hana ai ma kahi Gram stain. He ʻokoʻa nā kala no ka mea he ʻokoʻa ko lākou mau paia cell. ʻAʻole manaʻo ʻo 'Positive' a me 'negative' he 'maikaʻi' a 'maikaʻi ʻole' paha, ʻo ia wale nō ke ʻano he maikaʻi. ʻIke ʻia nā bacteria Gram-positive he polū-poni ma kahi Gram stain.

ʻO kekahi mau laʻana:

• ʻO Corynebacterium (ʻO Corynebacterium)
• Clostridium ('Clostridium')
• ʻO Listeria (`Listeria`)

He aha nā bacteria Gram-negative?

ʻIke ʻia nā bacteria Gram-negative i ka ʻulaʻula poni ma kahi Gram stain. Hoʻoulu lākou i nā maʻi ʻokoʻa ma mua o nā bacteria Gram-positive. Pono nō hoʻi lākou e mālama ʻia me nā ʻano antibiotic like ʻole.

ʻO kekahi mau laʻana:

• ʻO Pseudomonas (ʻO Pseudomonas)
• Proteus (`Proteus`)
• ʻO Klebsiella

He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka bacteria a me nā virus?

ʻElua ʻano o nā bacteria a me nā virus, a i ʻole nā ​​microorganism. Hiki i nā mea ʻelua ke hoʻoulu i nā maʻi, a i kekahi manawa like nā hōʻailona. Eia nō naʻe, ʻokoʻa loa nā lāʻau lapaʻau no nā maʻi bacteria a me nā maʻi viral.

Hoʻohana nā kauka i nā lāʻau antibiotic e mālama i kekahi mau maʻi bacteria. Akā, ʻaʻole hana nā lāʻau antibiotic i nā virus. Mālama nā kauka i kekahi mau virus me nā antiviral , akā, ʻaʻole hana kēlā mau antiviral i nā maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka bacteria. He mea nui loa kēia e hoʻomaopopo!

He aha nā bacteria i kū'ē i ka antibiotic?

Hiki i kāu ʻōnaehana pale ke pale aku i kekahi mau bacteria a lanakila. Akā i kekahi manawa, pono ʻoe e lawe i kahi antibiotic e mālama i kahi maʻi bacteria. Hana nā antibiotics ma ka luku ʻana i ka paia cell a i ʻole DNA o ka bacteria.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i nā antibiotics hiki ke hoʻoulu i nā pilikia i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa. ʻO kēia no ka mea ua kūʻē kekahi mau bacteria i nā antibiotics.('kū'). A laila lilo ia i mea paʻakikī loa ke mālama ʻana i nā maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā ʻano hou. I kēlā me kēia manawa āu e lawe ai i kahi antibiotic, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka manawa e aʻo ai ka bacteria e kūʻē iā ia.

He mea nui: He mea nui e lawe i nā lāʻau antibiotic i kuhikuhi ʻia e ke kauka, ma ka nui pololei a no ka manawa piha. ʻO ka hoʻōki ʻana iā lākou i ka hapalua a i ʻole ka lawe ʻana iā lākou ma kahi liʻiliʻi haʻahaʻa ʻaʻole ia e pepehi loa i ka bacteria, a ʻo nā mea i koe e hoʻomohala i ke kūʻē ʻana i ka antibiotic.

ʻO kahi laʻana maikaʻi o kahi bacteria i kūʻē i nā antibiotics ʻo MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). He mea weliweli iki kēia.

Pehea e laha ai ka bacteria?

Hoʻoulu ka hapa nui o nā bacteria ma o ke kaʻina hana i kapa ʻia ʻo "binary fission." I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, hoʻokahi cell bacteria e hana hou i kāna DNA a laila māhele i ʻelua. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia cell hou kahi kope o ka DNA. Me he mea lā e lilo kekahi i ʻelua, ʻelua i ʻehā, a pēlā aku.

He prokaryotic a eukaryotic paha nā bacteria?

ʻAʻohe "nucleus" o nā bacteria. No laila, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou he "prokaryotes" . He mau microorganism lākou me kahi ʻano cell maʻalahi loa. Loaʻa i nā bacteria nā "paia cell". I loko o ka paia cell, inā ʻoe e nānā i ke ʻano o kahi cell hoʻokahi, aia ka "cytoplasm" , nā "ribosomes" a me ka DNA . Ma waho o ka paia cell, aia paha hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha nā "flagella" . ʻO kēia mau flagella ka mea e kōkua ai i ka bacteria e neʻe a puni.

Aia kekahi ʻano bacteria e ʻai ana i ka palakiko?

ʻAe, mai kāhāhā! I ka makahiki 2016, ua ʻike kahi hui o nā kānaka ʻepekema ma Osaka, Iapana i kahi ʻano bacteria hou. Ua kapa lākou iā ia ʻo "Ideonella sakaiensis" . Ua loaʻa kēia bacteria e ʻai ana i nā ʻōmole plastik kokoke i kahi hale hana hou!

ʻAi pinepine nā bacteria i nā mea olaola make. Akā, ua ʻai kēia bacteria i kahi ʻano palakiko i kapa ʻia ʻo polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Hana pinepine ʻia nā mea e like me kā mākou mau ʻōmole wai inu mai kēia palakiko PET. I ka wā i aʻo hou aku ai nā kānaka ʻepekema i kēia bacteria, ua ʻike lākou e hana ana ia i ʻelua mau enzyme digestive kūikawā e kōkua iā ia e ʻeli i ka palakiko.

Hoʻoheheʻe wale kēia enzyme i ka palaki PET. Akā ke manaʻolana nei nā kānaka ʻepekema i kekahi lā, hiki i nā bacteria ʻai palaki e like me kēia ke kōkua i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka pilikia haumia palaki nui o ka honua. E noʻonoʻo i ka maikaʻi o ia mea!

No laila, he aha nā mea nui e pono ai kākou e hoʻomanaʻo mai kēia moʻolelo?

ʻAe, ua kamaʻilio nui mākou e pili ana i ka bacteria i kēia manawa. I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, eia nā mea āu e pono ai e hoʻomanaʻo:

• He mau meaola liʻiliʻi nā bacteria ma nā wahi a pau a ʻike ʻole ʻia e ko mākou mau maka.
• ʻAʻohe mea ʻino o ka hapa nui o nā ʻano bacteria iā kākou. He mea maikaʻi loa kekahi i ko kākou kino, ʻoiai hoʻi i loko o ko kākou ʻōpū. Kāhea mākou i kēia mau mea ʻo kā mākou 'microbiome'.
• Eia nō naʻe, hiki i kekahi ʻano bacteria (pathogens) ke hoʻoulu i nā maʻi, kahi e pono ai ka mālama ʻana.
• Ua kuhikuhi nā kauka i nā lāʻau antibiotic no ka hapa nui o nā maʻi bacteria.
• ʻO ka mea nui loa: I ka wā e hoʻohana ai i nā antibiotics , e hahai pololei i nā ʻōlelo a kāu kauka. E lawe iā lākou no ka manawa kūpono a me ka nui kūpono. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hana, e hoʻomaka ka bacteria e hoʻomohala i ke kūʻē ʻana i ka antibiotic. He pilikia nui kēlā.

No laila, he ʻāpana o ko kākou ola ka bacteria. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike kūpono iā lākou e hiki ke kōkua nui iā kākou i ka noho olakino.

ʻO ka bacteria, nā maʻi, nā antibiotics, nā microbes, ke olakino, Gram stain, ke kū'ē ʻana i ka antibiotic