Ua makewai nui anei ʻoe i kēia mau lā ? Pono ʻoe e hele pinepine i ka lua? Ke emi nei kou kaumaha me ka manaʻo ʻole? A i ʻole ke ʻike nei ʻoe i ka mae ʻana o kou mau lima a me kou mau wāwae? Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kēia mau hōʻailona, makemake paha kāu kauka e hoʻāʻo ʻia ʻoe e ʻike inā he maʻi diabetes kou. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki i kekahi poʻe ke loaʻa i ka maʻi diabetes me ka ʻole o nā hōʻailona. No laila i kēia lā, e kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i nā hoʻāʻo koko i hoʻohana ʻia e ʻike ai i ka maʻi diabetes.
He aha ke kō koko?
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ke kō koko a i ʻole ka glucose koko ka wahie nui e hāʻawi ai i ka ikehu i ko mākou kino. Ua like ia me ka ʻaila no ke kaʻa. Hoʻololi ko mākou kino i nā kalapona i loko o ka meaʻai a mākou e ʻai ai i glucose (kō), ʻo ia ka mea e hāʻawi ai i ka ikehu i kēlā me kēia cell i loko o ke kino. Hana pū ko mākou akepaʻa a mālama i kēia glucose. Ke ʻai ʻole mākou no kekahi manawa, hoʻāʻo ke kino e mālama i nā pae kō koko maʻamau ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka glucose i mālama ʻia i loko o ke akepaʻa.
I kēia manawa, he kuleana koʻikoʻi ko ka hormone insulin . E noʻonoʻo ʻoe ua like nā pūnaewele i loko o ko kākou kino me nā hale, a ua like ka glucose me kahi ʻeke meaʻai e pono ai kēlā mau hale. Ua like ka insulin me ke kī e wehe ai i ka puka e komo ai kēlā ʻeke meaʻai i loko o ka hale.
No laila, he aha ka mea e hana ai inā ʻaʻole lawa ka hana ʻana o kou kino i ka insulin, a inā ʻaʻole hana pono ka insulin āu (ʻaʻole hiki i nā puka ke wehe)? ʻAʻole hiki i kēlā mau ʻāpana meaʻai (glucose) ke komo i loko o nā ʻāpana, a hōʻiliʻili lākou i loko o nā kīʻaha koko. ʻO ia ka mea a mākou e kapa nei he kō koko kiʻekiʻe (Hyperglycemia) .
Inā noho kiʻekiʻe ke kō koko no ka manawa lōʻihi me ka ʻole o ka mālama ʻia, hiki iā ia ke hōʻino i ko kākou mau aʻalolo, nā kīʻaha koko, nā maka, nā puʻupaʻa, a me ka puʻuwai. No laila he mea nui e ʻike koke iā ia.
He aha nā hoʻāʻo koko nui e hoʻohana ʻia no ka ʻike ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes?
Aia kekahi mau ʻano hoʻāʻo a nā kauka e hoʻohana ai e hoʻoholo ai inā he maʻi diabetes kou. Pono kekahi iā ʻoe e hoʻokē ʻai i ka pō ma mua, a ʻo kekahi ʻaʻole. E koho kāu kauka i ka hoʻāʻo kūpono loa e pili ana i kou mau hōʻailona a me ke kūlana.
1. Hoʻāʻo Glucose Plasma Hoʻokē ʻai (FPG)
ʻO kēia ka hoʻāʻo i hana pinepine ʻia.
- Pehea e hana ʻia ai: ʻAʻole ʻoe e ʻai a inu paha i kekahi mea no ka liʻiliʻi he 8 mau hola ma mua o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana (ua maikaʻi ka wai liʻiliʻi). No laila, hana pinepine ʻia kēia hoʻāʻo i ke kakahiaka. Lawe ʻia kahi hāpana koko liʻiliʻi mai kahi aʻa koko ma kou lima a hoʻāʻo ʻia ma kahi lab.
- E hoʻomaopopo kākou i nā hopena:
- 99 mg/dL a emi mai paha: Pae maʻamau
- Inā ma waena o 100 mg/dL a me 125 mg/dL:Prediabetes. ʻO ia hoʻi, he kūlana pilikia.
- Inā he 126 mg/dL a ʻoi aku paha (i nā lā ʻelua like ʻole): Ua ʻike ʻia he maʻi diabetes.
2. Hoʻāʻo Glucose Plasma maʻamau a i ʻole Random
He hoʻāʻo wikiwiki kēia i hana ʻia i ka wā pilikia a i ʻole no kekahi me nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi.
- Pehea e hana ʻia ai: ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e hoʻokē ʻai no kēia. Lawe ʻia kahi hāpana koko i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka lā a hoʻāʻo ʻia.
- E hoʻomaopopo kākou i nā hopena: Inā he 200 mg/dL a ʻoi aku paha kou pae kō koko , a he mau hōʻailona kou o ka maʻi diabetes, he mea hiki loa ke loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi diabetes. E hana hou kāu kauka i kahi hoʻokolohua e hōʻoia.
3. Hoʻāʻo Hoʻomanawanui Glucose Waha (OGTT)
Hoʻohana ʻia kēia hoʻāʻo no ka ʻike ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes gestational i ka wā hāpai.
- Pehea e hana ʻia ai: ʻO ka mua, lawe ʻia kahi hāpana koko hoʻokē ʻai. A laila hāʻawi ʻia ʻoe i kahi mea inu kō. A laila lawe ʻia kekahi hāpana koko ʻē aʻe i hoʻokahi hola a me ʻelua hola ma hope.
- E hoʻomaopopo kākou i nā hopena: Inā he 200 mg/dL a ʻoi aku paha kou pae kō ma hope o ʻelua hola, ua ʻike ʻia he maʻi diabetes ia.
4. Hoʻāʻo Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
He hoʻāʻo koʻikoʻi loa kēia.
- Pehea e hana ʻia ai: ʻAʻole kēia e nānā wale i kou pae kō koko i hoʻokahi lā. Nānā ia i kou pae kō koko awelika i nā mahina 2-3 i hala . ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e hoʻokē ʻai no kēia.
- E hoʻomaopopo kākou i nā hopena:
- Inā emi ma lalo o 5.7%: Pae maʻamau
- Inā ma waena o 5.7% a me 6.4%: Prediabetes
- Inā 6.5% a ʻoi aku paha (i ʻelua mau lā like ʻole): Maʻi diabetes
Hāʻawi ka papa ma lalo nei i kahi ʻike maopopo o kēia mau hoʻokolohua.
| Inoa o ka hoʻāʻo | Maʻamau | Prediabetes | Maʻi diabetes |
|---|---|---|---|
| ʻO ka Glucose Plasma hoʻokē ʻai (FPG) | 99 mg/dL a emi mai paha | 100 – 125 mg/dL | 126 mg/dL a ʻoi aku paha |
| Hoʻāʻo Hoʻomanawanui Glucose Waha (OGTT) - Ma hope o 2 mau hola | 139 mg/dL a emi mai paha | 140 – 199 mg/dL | 200 mg/dL a ʻoi aku paha |
| Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) | Ma lalo o 5.7% | 5.7% – 6.4% | 6.5% a ʻoi aku paha |
Loaʻa pū kekahi i nā keiki ka maʻi diabetes?
ʻAe, hiki i nā keiki ke loaʻa i ka maʻi diabetes. ʻElua ʻano nui.
- ʻO ka maʻi diabetes ʻAno 1: ʻO kēia ka manawa e pau ai ke kino i ka hana ʻana i ka insulin. Hiki ke ulu i kēlā me kēia makahiki, akā ʻoi aku ka maʻamau i nā keiki a me nā ʻōpio. Pono lākou e lawe i nā inikini insulin i kēlā me kēia lā e ola ai. Hiki koke mai nā hōʻailona (e like me ka makewai nui, ka mimi pinepine, ka pohō kaumaha, a me ka luhi nui).
- ʻO ka maʻi diabetes ʻano 2: ʻO kēia ka manawa e hana ai ke kino i ka insulin, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana pono. Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia kēia ʻano me ka momona a momona paha . Loaʻa paha i kekahi mau keiki me ka ʻole o nā hōʻailona. I kekahi manawa ʻike ʻia ia ma ka hanana i ka wā o kahi hoʻāʻo koko a mimi paha i hana ʻia no kekahi kumu ʻē aʻe.
Inā manaʻo ʻoe ua pilikia kāu keiki i ka maʻi diabetes, e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i ia mea. Inā ʻike mua ʻia, hiki ke pale ʻia ka maʻi diabetes ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i kāu meaʻai a me kāu hana hoʻoikaika kino.
He aha kāu e hana ai ma hope o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana he maʻi diabetes? Pono ʻoe e makaʻu?
Mai hopohopo. ʻO ka maʻi diabetes kahi maʻi hiki iā ʻoe ke mālama pono a ola i kahi ola olakino. ʻO ke kī, ʻo ia ke kāohi i kou pae kō koko. Eia kekahi mau mea e hiki ke kōkua:
1. ʻAi: E ʻai i ka ʻai kaulike. E pale i nā mea inu kō (ke ʻole ʻoe ma ka ʻai haʻahaʻa-carb). E aʻo e helu i nā carbohydrates a ʻai me ke kaulike.
2. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa kino:Hoʻomaikaʻi ka hoʻoikaika kino mau i ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻana o kou kino i ka insulin. E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i kahi hoʻolālā hoʻoikaika kino kūpono iā ʻoe.
3. Lāʻau lapaʻau: E lawe i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i kuhikuhi ʻia e ke kauka me ka pololei a me ka manawa kūpono. Inā he pilikia, e haʻi i ke kauka e pili ana.
4. Kaumaha: Hiki i ke kaumaha ke hoʻonui i ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kō koko. No laila e hoʻomau i kou noʻonoʻo a komo i kahi hana leʻaleʻa āu e makemake ai.
5. E nānā mau i kou pae kō koko: E aʻo aku kāu kauka iā ʻoe pehea e nānā ai i kou pae kō koko ma ka home. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i kahi mika glucose e lawe i kahi kulu liʻiliʻi o ke koko mai kou manamana lima a nānā i kou kō koko. E kōkua kēia iā ʻoe e ʻike inā kiʻekiʻe kou pae kō koko (hyperglycemia) a haʻahaʻa paha (hypoglycemia) a kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻokele i kāu ʻai a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ia.
Leka Lawe-Home
- E makaʻala i nā hōʻailona nui o ka maʻi diabetes (makewai nui, mimi pinepine, pohō kaumaha).
- Mai makaʻu i nā hoʻokolohua koko. Hiki i nā hoʻokolohua e like me FPG, OGTT, a me HbA1c ke hāʻawi iā ʻoe i kahi ʻike maopopo o kou kūlana.
- Inā ua ʻike ʻia ʻoe he maʻi diabetes, ʻaʻole ia he mea e makaʻu ai, akā he kūlana ia e hiki ke mālama pono ʻia.
- Hiki iā ʻoe ke ola i kahi ola olakino ma ka mālama ʻana i kāu meaʻai, hoʻoikaika kino, lāʻau lapaʻau, a me ke olakino noʻonoʻo.
- Inā he pilikia a kānalua paha, e ʻoluʻolu e nīnau i kāu kauka .
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