ʻAuē, i kekahi manawa, maʻi koke mākou, ʻeā? Loaʻa iā mākou ke anu, loaʻa iā mākou ke kuni, a hoʻomaka ko mākou kino e ʻeha. Hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia kēia ʻano maʻi e nā meaola liʻiliʻi e komo i loko o ko mākou kino mai waho. Kāhea mākou i kēia mau maʻi lele . Inā ʻike mākou e pili ana i kēia mau mea, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi iā mākou ke pale iā mākou iho mai ia mau mea a hoʻōla koke inā loaʻa iā mākou.
He aha kēia mau maʻi lele? I ka pōkole...
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo nā maʻi lele nā maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā meaola ʻino (pathogens) e komo i loko o ko mākou kino mai waho, a i ʻole e like me kā mākou e kapa nei iā lākou, nā germs . Nui nā ʻano germs. No ka laʻana, nā virus , bacteria , fungi , parasites , a pēlā aku. He mea kākaʻikahi loa, hiki i nā mea i kapa ʻia ʻo prions ke hana i kēia.
E noʻonoʻo, ua loaʻa iā kākou a pau kahi maʻi lele e like me kēia i kekahi manawa o ko kākou ola. Ke ʻū a ʻūhā paha kekahi, hiki i kēlā mau germs ke komo i loko o ko kākou kino ke hanu kākou iā lākou. Hiki ke hoʻolaha ʻia kēia mau mea e nā holoholona e like me nā makika, ma ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai lepo, a i ʻole e ke kaiapuni a puni kākou. ʻO ke anu maʻamau, ka maʻi palū, nā maʻi hanu e like me COVID, nā ʻeha ʻōpū, nā maʻi i hoʻouna ʻia ma ke ʻano moekolohe (STIs), a me ka eczema ma nā lālā he mau laʻana maikaʻi ia o kēia mau maʻi lele.
ʻO ka mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo he maʻi lele kēia a hiki ke laha mai kekahi kanaka a i kekahi kanaka .
No laila he aha nā maʻi laha ʻole?
Aia kekahi mau maʻi ʻokoʻa iki. Ua kapa ʻia lākou he mau maʻi ʻaʻole i hoʻopili ʻia . ʻAʻole kēia mau mea i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā germs. Hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia e nā kumu genetic, nā loli i ke ʻano o ke kino, a i ʻole ka ʻelemakule. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i kēia mau maʻi mai nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, nā holoholona, a i ʻole ka meaʻai. No ka laʻana, ʻo nā mea e like me ke kanesa, ka maʻi diabetes mellitus, ka congestive heart failure, a me ka maʻi Alzheimer e hāʻule i loko o ka māhele o nā maʻi ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia.
He aha nā ʻano germs e hoʻoulu ai i nā maʻi lele?
E like me kā mākou i ʻōlelo ai ma mua, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā maʻi lele e nā ʻano germs like ʻole. E nānā kākou i kēlā me nā kikoʻī hou aku.
- Nā maʻi viral: ʻO nā virus he mau ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka ʻike genetic (DNA a i ʻole RNA) i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o kahi pūpū pale. Komo lākou i loko o kā mākou mau cell a hoʻoulu i nā maʻi. ʻO ke anu, ka maʻi palū, ka maʻi ʻōpala, ka moa, ka dengue, a me COVID-19 kekahi o nā maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā virus.
- Nā maʻi bacteria: He mau meaola liʻiliʻi nā bacteria, hoʻokahi cell. Aia ko lākou ʻike genetic i loko o kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka DNA . He maikaʻi kekahi mau bacteria no mākou, akā ʻo kekahi ke kumu o ka maʻi. Hiki i nā bacteria ke hana i nā mea e like me ka strep throat, ka maʻi puʻupuʻu, a me nā maʻi urinary tract.
- Nā maʻi fungal:Noho nā fungi ma ko kākou ʻili a ma ke kaiapuni. Akā inā ulu nui lākou a hele paha i kahi kūpono ʻole, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻoulu i nā maʻi. ʻO nā fungi ke kuleana no nā maʻi ʻili, ka ringworm, a me nā maʻi candida.
- Nā maʻi Parasitic: ʻO nā Parasites nā meaola e noho ana i loko o ke kino o kekahi meaola ʻē aʻe a loaʻa kā lākou meaʻai a me ka mea inu mai kēlā meaola. ʻO ka malaria, nā ilo hookworm, nā pinworms, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā parasites.
- Nā maʻi Prion: He mau maʻi kakaikahi loa kēia. Ua kapa ʻia hoʻi lākou ʻo Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs) . Hoʻokumu ʻia lākou e kahi ʻano protein i hana hewa ʻia. Hoʻopili hewa kēia mau protein hewa i nā protein maikaʻi ʻē aʻe.
He aha nā maʻi lele a mākou e ʻike pinepine ai?
He mau haneli maoli nō nā maʻi lele. Akā eia kekahi o nā mea maʻamau e hoʻopilikia ana i nā miliona o ka poʻe a puni ka honua:
- Anu maʻamau
- Covid-19 (COVID-19)
- Flu
- Nā ilo hoʻokama
- Nā maʻi HPV (Human Papillomavirus)
- ʻO Norovirus (kahi maʻi e hoʻonāukiuki ai i ka ʻōpū)
- Nā ilo ʻūlū
- ʻO ka ilo ʻāʻī (e.g. ka wāwae o ka mea pāʻani)
- ʻO ka RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus) (kahi maʻi o ka ʻōnaehana hanu)
- Nā maʻi ʻāʻī (Strep throat)
- ʻO ka maʻi puʻupuʻu
He aha nā hōʻailona kūpono o nā maʻi lele?
ʻOkoʻa nā hōʻailona o kahi maʻi lele ma muli o ka maʻi . No ka laʻana, hōʻike pinepine kahi maʻi fungal i nā hōʻailona ma kahi kikoʻī o ka ʻili, e like me ka maneʻo a i ʻole ka ʻulaʻula. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i nā maʻi viral a me bacteria ke hana i nā hōʻailona ma nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ke kino. ʻO nā hōʻailona maʻamau:
- Anuanu
- Kuke
- ʻO ka ʻōpū ʻeha (ka maʻi kahe, ka nausea, ka luaʻi ʻana)
- Manaʻo luhi (Fatigue)
- kuni
- ʻEha poʻo
- ʻEha kino, ʻeha ʻiʻo
- Ihu wai a i ʻole ka ihu paʻa
He aha nā kumu o nā maʻi lele?
E like me kā mākou i kūkākūkā ai ma mua, hoʻokumu ʻia nā maʻi lele e nā germs . Komo maʻalahi kēia mau germs i ke kino ma o nā wahi e like me ko mākou waha, ihu, a me nā ʻoki ma ko mākou ʻili. Ke komo kēia mau germs i ke kino, hōʻino a luku paha i kā mākou mau cell, a pane mai kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale iā lākou, loaʻa iā mākou nā hōʻailona.
Pehea e laha ai kēia mau maʻi lele?
Hoʻolaha nā maʻi lele ma nā ʻano like ʻole. Eia kekahi mau ʻano:
- Mai ke kanaka a i ke kanaka: Ke kū a ʻūhā paha kekahi, hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā germs i ka lewa a hanu ʻia e kekahi e kokoke ana, hiki ke loaʻa i ka maʻi.
- Ma o ka pilina kokoke: honi ʻana, moekolohe (moe waha, anal a i ʻole vaginal).
- Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kīʻaha like.
- Mai nā ʻilikai: Hiki ke haumia nā ʻūpā puka, nā kelepona, a me nā papa ʻaina me nā germs. Inā ʻoe e hoʻopā iā lākou a laila hoʻopā i kou waha, ihu, a i ʻole nā maka, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i ka maʻi.
- Ma ka hoʻopā ʻana me nā ʻōpala o kahi kanaka a holoholona paha i loaʻa i ka maʻi.
- Mai nā nahu ʻana mai nā pepeke a i ʻole nā holoholona ʻē aʻe: mai nā holoholona e like me nā makika, nā ʻuku, a me nā ʻuku.
- Mai nā meaʻai a me nā mea inu lepo a i ʻole i moʻa pono ʻole ʻia.
- Ka hana ʻana me ka lepo a i ʻole ke one i loaʻa nā germs (e like me ka māla ʻana).
- Mai kahi makuahine hāpai i kāna keiki i hānau ʻole ʻia a i ʻole pēpē hānau hou (ua kapa ʻia kēia he hoʻoili kū pololei ).
- Mai nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ka hāʻawi koko a me nā hoʻoili kino (ua kāohi nui ʻia kēia mau mea i kēia manawa).
E noʻonoʻo, inā ʻoe ma luna o ka halihali lehulehu a ʻūhā kekahi, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i kēlā mau germs. A i ʻole, inā kūʻai ʻoe i ka meaʻai mai kahi hale kūʻai i moʻa pono ʻole ʻia, hiki iā ia ke hāʻawi iā ʻoe i ka ʻeha ʻōpū. Pono mākou e akahele iki aʻe i nā mea e like me kēia.
ʻO wai ka mea i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia mau maʻi?
Hiki i kekahi ke loaʻa i kahi maʻi lele, akā aia kekahi poʻe i kahi pilikia kiʻekiʻe iki aʻe:
- ʻO nā kānaka me ka ʻōnaehana pale kino nāwaliwali: nā kānaka me ke kanesa, ka maʻi HIV, a me ka poʻe e lawe ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau immunosuppressive.
- Nā makuahine hāpai.
- ʻO nā kānaka ma luna o 60 mau makahiki.
- Nā kānaka e hana ana ma ka ʻoihana mālama ola.
- ʻO ka poʻe e noho ana a i ʻole e hele ana i nā wahi wela a me nā ʻāina wela.
Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o kēia pilikia no nā keiki ʻōpio ma lalo o 5 mau makahiki . ʻO ke kumu, ʻaʻole i hoʻomohala piha ʻia kā lākou ʻōnaehana pale.
Hiki i nā maʻi lele ke hoʻoulu i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi?
Hiki ke ho'ōla ma'alahi ʻia ka hapa nui o nā ma'i lele. Eia na'e, i kekahi manawa, hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā pilikia ko'iko'i . ʻO kēia mau mea:
- Ka maloʻo ʻana ( paʻa ʻana i ka wai)
- Pneumonia ( maʻi puʻupaʻa)
- Sepsis ( ka lāʻau make koko)
- Ka pehu ʻana o ka lolo a me ke kaula kuamoʻo a i ʻole ko lākou uhi ʻana (encephalitis a me ka meningitis)
Hiki i kekahi mau maʻi ke hana i nā maʻi kanesa e like me ke kanesa o ke akepaʻa a me ke kanesa o ka ʻāʻī.
Pehea e ʻike ai nā kauka i kēia maʻi?
Nānā pinepine nā kauka i kāu mau hōʻailona, nā hoʻokolohua lab, a i kekahi manawa nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi e hoʻoholo ai inā he maʻi lele kou. No ka nānā ʻana i nā hōʻailona, hiki i ke kauka ke hana i nā mea e like me:
- Ke lawe nei i kahi hoʻāʻo swab mai kou ihu a i ʻole ka puʻu.
- Ke hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā laʻana koko, mimi, ʻōpala, a i ʻole ka lawai.
- ʻO ka biopsy kahi hoʻokolohua e pili ana i ka lawe ʻana i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka ʻili a i ʻole nā ʻiʻo ʻē aʻe.
- Nā kukuna X o nā ʻāpana o ke kino i hoʻopilikia ʻia, Nā hoʻāʻo kiʻi e like me nā scan CT a i ʻole nā scan MRI (MRI) .
Pehea e mālama ʻia ai nā maʻi lele?
Aia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma ke kumu o ke kūlana . I kekahi manawa, paipai paha kāu kauka i ka nānā ʻana i kāu mau hōʻailona ma kahi o ke kuhikuhi ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Hiki ke komo pū nā koho lapaʻau:
- Nā lāʻau antibiotic no nā maʻi bacteria.
- Nā lāʻau lapaʻau antiviral no nā maʻi viral (akā hiki ke hoʻomalu ʻia ka hapa nui ma ka home me nā lāʻau lapaʻau ma luna o ke kauka).
- Nā lāʻau lapaʻau antifungal (me nā lotions a me nā kirīmi) no nā maʻi fungal.
- Nā lāʻau antiparasitic no nā maʻi parasitic.
- I kekahi manawa, pono ke ʻoki ʻana e mālama i nā maʻi fungal a bacteria paha.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau no nā maʻi prion i kēia manawa.
I ka manawa hea e pono ai iaʻu ke ʻike i ke kauka?
Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona o kahi maʻi lele, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻomaikaʻi ma hope o hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha pule , e ʻike pono i ke kauka. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi maʻi mau, ʻo ka ʻike pinepine ʻana i ke kauka a me ka ʻimi ʻana i ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e kōkua i ka pale ʻana i kou kūlana mai ka ʻino ʻana.
Inā ʻoe e hoʻolālā ana e huakaʻi i nā ʻāina ʻē, e kamaʻilio pū me kāu kauka e pili ana i kēlā. Hiki iā ia ke haʻi iā ʻoe pehea e pale aku ai iā ʻoe iho mai nā maʻi i maʻamau i ka ʻāina āu e kipa aku nei. A i ʻole, inā ua huakaʻi ʻoe i hala koke nei a ke ʻike nei ʻoe i nā hōʻailona, ʻo ka haʻi ʻana i kāu kauka e pili ana i ia mea hiki ke kōkua iā ia e hoʻoholo i nā hoʻokolohua hou āu e pono ai e hana.
ʻAʻole anei hiki iā kākou ke pale iā kākou iho mai kēia mau maʻi lele? (Ka pale ʻana)
ʻAʻohe ala hoʻokahi e hiki ke pale iā ʻoe 100% mai nā maʻi lele. Eia nō naʻe, he nui nā hana maʻalahi e hiki ai iā mākou ke hana e hōʻemi i ka pilikia o ka maʻi . Hiki iā ʻoe ke noʻonoʻo iā ia e like me ke kumu hoʻohālike tīhi Swiss . Ua manaʻo ʻia kēia e kekahi kanaka i kapa ʻia ʻo James Reason, PhD. E noʻonoʻo he nui kāu mau ʻāpana tīhi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma luna o kekahi. Loaʻa i kekahi o nā ʻāpana nā lua. Akā ke hoʻopaʻa pū ʻoe i kekahi mau ʻāpana, ua uhi ʻia ka lua i hoʻokahi ʻāpana e ka ʻāpana ʻē aʻe. Pēlā ʻoe e hoʻopaʻa ai i kēia mau pale.
Eia kekahi mau hana palekana:
- Ke kiʻi ʻana i nā lāʻau pale i ʻōlelo ʻia: E nīnau i kāu kauka i nā lāʻau pale kūpono iā ʻoe.
- E makaʻala i ka palekana o ka meaʻai: E pale i ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai maka a i ʻole ka meaʻai i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻole ʻia, e mālama a hoʻomehana i ka meaʻai ma ka mahana kūpono, e holoi a ʻili paha i nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu, a e holoi pono i nā mea hana i hoʻohana ʻia i ka wā e kuke ai.
- E holoi pono i kou mau lima me ke kopa a me ka wai: He mea nui loa ka holoi ʻana i kou mau lima ma mua o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka meaʻai, ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana, ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lua, ma hope o ka hoʻopā ʻana i nā ʻōpala holoholona a kanaka paha, a ma hope o ka māla ʻana a i ʻole ka hana ʻana me ka lepo.
- Ke noʻonoʻo nei i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe:E uhi i kou waha a me kou ihu i ka wā e ʻū ai a i ʻole e ʻūhā ana. E hōʻemi i ka launa pū ʻana me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe ke maʻi ʻoe a i ʻole kekahi. E ʻaʻahu i ka pale maka inā pono ʻoe e noho a puni nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. Mai kaʻana like i nā mea pilikino, nā mea ʻai, a i ʻole nā mea pilikino ʻē aʻe me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.
- E hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā ʻili a me nā mea i hoʻopā pinepine ʻia: nā mea e like me nā kelepona, nā papa ʻaina, nā ʻūpā puka, a me nā mea pāʻani.
- Nā hana moe kolohe palekana: E hoʻohana i ka condom a i ʻole ka dental dam i ka wā e moe ai.
- E pale iā ʻoe iho mai nā pepeke: E hoʻohana i ka mea pale namu, e uhi iā ʻoe iho me ka nui o nā lole e like me ka hiki, a e nānā i nā makika ke hele ʻoe i loko o ka nahele a i ʻole kahi mauʻu lōʻihi.
He aha nā maʻi lele e kū mai ana?
Pili kēia i nā maʻi i ʻike hou ʻia, a i ʻole e hoʻopilikia nei i nā kānaka he nui ma mua o ka wā ma mua. Ke hana ʻia nei kahi noiʻi kūikawā ma luna o ia mau maʻi.
He aha nā maʻi lele maʻamau i nā keiki ʻōpio?
ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o nā pēpē a me nā keiki i nā maʻi lele. ʻO kēia no ka mea ke ulu nei ko lākou ʻōnaehana pale . ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke hahai i nā ʻano hoʻomaʻemaʻe like me nā pākeke. ʻO kekahi o nā maʻi lele maʻamau i nā keiki:
- Anu
- Maʻi ʻelima
- Maʻi lima, wāwae, a me ka waha (HFMD)
- Flu
- Ilo ʻūlū
- RSV
- ʻIlo ʻāʻī
- ʻO Roseola (kahi kuni me nā kiko ʻulaʻula ma ka ʻili)
- ʻĀʻī ʻeha
- ʻO ka ʻū ʻana (pertussis)
Noho mākou me nā virus, bacteria, fungi, a me nā parasites i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, he ʻumi manawa ka nui o nā bacteria i loko o kou kino ma mua o nā cell kanaka - ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke ola me ka ʻole o lākou! Eia nō naʻe, hiki i kekahi o kēia mau mea liʻiliʻi i ko mākou honua ke hoʻopōʻino iā mākou.
ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, he nui nā mea maʻalahi hiki iā ʻoe ke hana e mālama iā ʻoe iho a me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i ke olakino. ʻO nā hana maʻalahi e like me ka holoi ʻana i kou mau lima a me ka uhi ʻana i kou waha i ka wā e ʻū ai a ʻū paha ʻoe e hiki ke kōkua i ka pale ʻana i kāu poʻe aloha a me nā hoalauna mai nā maʻi koʻikoʻi. ʻO kahi mea liʻiliʻi āu e hana ai e hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻopakele ʻana i ke ola o kekahi.
E hoʻomanaʻo kākou i nā mea nui loa (Leka Lawe-Home)
- ʻO nā maʻi laha nā maʻi i hoʻoulu ʻia e nā germs (viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites) hiki ke laha mai kekahi kanaka a i kekahi kanaka .
- ʻO nā maʻi like ʻole, mai ke anu maʻamau a i nā maʻi koʻikoʻi, e hāʻule ana i loko o kēia māhele.
- ʻO nā hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi (holoi lima, uhi i kou waha i ka wā e ʻū ana), ka loaʻa ʻana o nā lāʻau pale i ʻōlelo ʻia , a me nā hana ʻai palekana e kōkua nui i ka pale ʻana i kēia mau maʻi.
- Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona, ʻoiai inā he koʻikoʻi a ʻaʻole hoʻi e hoʻomaikaʻi i loko o kekahi mau lā, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻimi ʻana i ke kōkua lapaʻau .
- Hiki i kā mākou mau hana liʻiliʻi ke hāʻawi i ka palekana nui no mākou iho a me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i loko o ke kaiāulu.
No laila, e ho'āʻo kākou a pau e noho olakino, me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i kēia mau mea, ʻeā?
nā maʻi lele, nā germs, nā virus, bacteria, fungi, parasites, nā maʻi, nā hōʻailona, ka pale ʻana, ka lāʻau lapaʻau
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