Hiki i ka ʻū mau ke lilo i hōʻailona o ka maʻi puʻupuʻu (TB)? E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kēia.

I kekahi manawa, loaʻa iā kākou kahi ʻū e mau ana no nā pule, akā ʻaʻole mākou e nānā nui iā ia, ʻeā? Manaʻo paha kākou, "He ʻū wale nō kēia," akā he hōʻailona paha ia o kahi mea ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi. No laila, hoʻokahi maʻi e pono ai kākou e makaʻala, ʻo ia ka maʻi puʻupuʻu , a i ʻole TB e like me kā kākou e ʻike nei. No laila i kēia lā, e kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kēia maʻi ma nā ʻōlelo maʻalahi.

He aha ka maʻi puʻupuʻu (TB)?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he maʻi lele ka maʻi puʻupuʻu. Hoʻokumu ʻia ia e kahi bacteria i kapa ʻia ʻo `(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)`. Hoʻopilikia nui kēia maʻi i ko kākou mau māmā . Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi manawa hiki i kēia maʻi ke laha i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino ma waho o nā māmā, no ka laʻana, ka lolo, ka iwi kuamoʻo , a me nā puʻupaʻa.

I ka wā ma mua, ua pepehi kēia maʻi i ka nui o nā kānaka a puni ka honua. ʻOiai aia nā lāʻau lapaʻau holomua i kēia lā, he pilikia olakino koʻikoʻi nō ia ma nā ʻāina e like me Sri Lanka. ʻO ka poʻe me nā maʻi e like me ka HIV / AIDS, a i ʻole ko lākou mau ʻōnaehana pale ma muli o nā kumu ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi puʻupuʻu. ʻO kēia no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki i ko lākou kino ke pale aku i kēia bacteria.

He aha nā pae nui o ka maʻi puʻupuʻu?

Ke komo ka maʻi puʻupuʻu i loko o ke kino, ʻaʻole e maʻi koke nā kānaka a pau. Aia nā pae like ʻole o kēia. E nānā kākou i ke ʻano o lākou.

Loaʻa iā ʻoe kēia mau hōʻailona?

ʻAʻole hōʻike ka TB Latent i kekahi mau hōʻailona a hiki ke ʻike wale ʻia ma o ka hoʻāʻo ʻili a i ʻole ka hoʻāʻo koko.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona o ka TB hana .

Nā hōʻailona maʻamau i nā mākua:

• ʻO ke kuni e mau ana ma mua o 3 mau pule
• ʻUmiʻumi i ke koko me ka mucus
• ʻEha umauma
• ʻO ka pohō kaumaha a me ka nalowale o ka makemake no ke kumu ʻole
• Luhi mau
• kuni haʻahaʻa
• Ka hou nui ʻana, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka pō
• Anuanu

Nā hōʻailona maʻamau i nā keiki liʻiliʻi a me nā pēpē:

ʻOkoʻa iki paha nā hōʻailona i nā keiki ʻōpio.

• ʻO ka emi ʻana o ke kaumaha a i ʻole ka nele o ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kaumaha
• Ke kuni mau
• Ka emi ʻana o ka hana, ke kaumaha mau nei
• I nā pēpē, ke puʻupuʻu nei ka "wahi palupalu" ma luna o ke poʻo.
• Uē pinepine, paʻakikī i ka ʻai ʻana a i ʻole ka inu ʻana i ka waiū

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe a i ʻole kāu keiki kekahi o kēia mau hōʻailona, ​​​​mai hoʻowahāwahā iā lākou a e ʻike koke i ke kauka. ʻOiai inā he ʻeha umauma, he pilikia paha ia a pono ʻoe e hele koke i ka Emergency Department (ETU) o ka haukapila.

Pehea e laha ai ka maʻi puʻupuʻu? A pehea lā e laha ʻole ai?

He pilikia kēia i loaʻa i nā kānaka he nui. Hoʻolaha ʻia ka maʻi puʻupuʻu ma ka lewa , e like me ke anu a i ʻole ka maʻi palū.

E noʻonoʻo, i ka wā e ʻū ai, e kihe ana, e kamaʻilio ana, a e ʻakaʻaka paha kekahi kanaka me ka maʻi puʻupuʻu ikaika, e komo nā kulu liʻiliʻi e loaʻa ana nā germs mai ko lākou ala hanu i ka ea. Inā hanu kekahi kanaka olakino i kēlā ea, hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa i ka maʻi.

ʻO ia ke kumu a mākou e ʻōlelo nei he mea weliweli ke hoʻolilo i ka manawa nui ma ka lumi hoʻokahi me kahi mea me ka maʻi puʻupuʻu ikaika, ma kahi wahi i nele i ka ea.

Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai ka maʻi puʻupuʻu?

Ke ʻike ʻoe i ke kauka, e nīnau mua ʻo ia e pili ana i kāu mau hōʻailona, ​​​​e nānā iā ʻoe, a laila e kauoha i kekahi mau hoʻokolohua e kāpae i ka maʻi puʻupuʻu.

1. Hoʻāʻo ʻili (Mantoux Tuberculin Skin Test): ʻO kēia ke komo ʻana i kahi wai liʻiliʻi loa ma lalo o ka ʻili o kou lima. Ma hope o 2-3 mau lā, e nānā ʻia ka wahi no ka pehu ʻana. Hiki ke maikaʻi kēia hoʻāʻo ma muli o ka lāʻau pale BCG i hāʻawi ʻia i ka hapa nui o nā kānaka ma Sri Lanka i ka wā hānau. No laila, ʻaʻole hiki i kēia wale nō ke hōʻoia i ka maʻi.

2. Hoʻāʻo koko (Hoʻāʻo IGRA): He hoʻāʻo koko kūikawā kēia i kapa ʻia ʻo `(Interferon-Gamma Release Assays)`. ʻAʻole kēia i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka lāʻau pale `BCG`.

3. X-ray umauma: Inā maikaʻi nā hoʻokolohua ma luna, ʻo ka X-ray umauma ka hoʻokolohua aʻe. Hiki i kēia ke nānā i nā loli i loko o nā māmā inā he maʻi puʻupuʻu ikaika.

4. Hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka sputum: ʻO kēia ke ala maikaʻi loa a pololei loa e hōʻoia i ka TB ikaika. Hoʻokolokolo ʻia kekahi mau hāpana sputum i lawe ʻia i ke kakahiaka ma lalo o kahi microscope e ʻike pololei i ke alo o nā bacteria TB.

He aha nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka maʻi puʻupuʻu?

Eia ka nūhou maikaʻi loa: hiki ke ho'ōla loa ʻia ka maʻi puʻupuʻu!

No kēlā, pono ʻoe e lawe i kekahi mau antibiotics i ka manawa like.

• No ka TB huna:Pono ʻoe e lawe i ka lāʻau lapaʻau no 3 mahina a ʻoi aku paha e pale aku ai i ka maʻi mai ka lilo ʻana i mea ikaika.
• No ka maʻi TB ikaika: Pono e lawe mau ʻia kekahi mau ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau no ka liʻiliʻi he 6 mahina . Hiki ke hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka manawa mālama i 9-12 mahina ma muli o ke ʻano o ka maʻi.

E hana pinepine kāu kauka i nā hoʻokolohua koko e nānā i nā pilikia o ke akepaʻa i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi hopena ʻaoʻao mai ka lāʻau lapaʻau (e.g., nā loli o ka ʻike, ka melemele o ka ʻili, ka luaʻi ʻana), e haʻi koke i kāu kauka me ka ʻole o ka hoʻōki ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

Pehea e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke pale iā ʻoe iho mai ka maʻi puʻupuʻu?

• Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi TB ikaika: E noho mamao aku mai nā poʻe ʻē aʻe no nā pule mua ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau. E hiamoe ma kahi lumi ʻokoʻa. E uhi i kou waha a me kou ihu me kahi ʻiʻo ke ʻū ʻoe a i ʻole ke kihe. E ʻaʻahu i kahi pale maka ʻoki inā ʻoe e hele i waho i ka lehulehu. E mālama i nā puka makani e wehe i mea e hōʻoia ai i ka ea maikaʻi.
• Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi TB huna: E lawe i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a kāu kauka i kuhikuhi ai e like me ke kauoha. E pale kēia i kona lilo ʻana i mea hana.
• Palekana BCG: Hāʻawi ʻia kēlā me kēia pēpē ma Sri Lanka i ka palekana BCG i ka wā hānau. Mālama kēia i nā keiki mai nā ʻano maʻi puʻupuʻu koʻikoʻi (e.g. TB meningitis).