He loli i ka ulu ʻana o kāu keiki? E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i ka Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD)

Ke kānalua iki nei kāu keiki liʻiliʻi e hui pū a pāʻani me nā keiki ʻē aʻe? A i ʻole ua manaʻo paha ʻoe he paʻakikī iā ia ke hoʻopuka i kona mau manaʻo i nā huaʻōlelo? I kekahi manawa, ma ke ʻano he makuahine a makua paha, ke ʻike ʻoe i nā mea liʻiliʻi e like me kēia, he mea maʻamau iā ʻoe ke manaʻo iki i ka makaʻu a me ke kānalua. ʻO ia ka mea a mākou e kamaʻilio ai i kēia lā.

He aha ka Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD)?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ka Pervasive Developmental Disorder , i hoʻopōkole pinepine ʻia ʻo "PDD", he huaʻōlelo i hoʻohana ʻia i ka wā ma mua e wehewehe i kekahi mau lohi ulu e hoʻopilikia ai i ka hiki o ke keiki ke launa pū, kamaʻilio, a kamaʻilio me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.

Akā, he mea maikaʻi ke ʻike. Ua kapa ʻia kēia maʻi e nā kauka ʻo Autism Spectrum Disorder , a i ʻole ASD no ka pōkole. Ua loli ka inoa i ka makahiki 2013. Ua lawe mai ka American Psychiatric Association (American Psychiatric Association) i ʻehā mau maʻi i hoʻokaʻawale mua ʻia ma lalo o hoʻokahi malu i kā lākou puke diagnostic, ʻo ka DSM-5. ʻO nā maʻi ʻehā:

• Ka maʻi autistic
• ʻO ka maʻi Asperger
• Ka maʻi hoʻopau kamaliʻi
• ʻO ka maʻi ulu ākea ʻaʻole i kuhikuhi ʻia (PDD-NOS)

No laila, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike ua lilo ʻo `(PDD)` i ʻāpana o ka māhele ākea ʻo `(ASD)`. Eia nō naʻe, ma loko o kēia ʻatikala, e hoʻohana mākou i ka `(PDD)` a me ka `(ASD)` e maʻalahi ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo.

Hiki i nā keiki me kēia ``(PDD)`` ke kū i nā pilikia like ʻole. Eia kekahi laʻana:

• Ka lohi ʻana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana e ʻōlelo, a i ʻole ka pilikia i ka hōʻike ʻana i nā manaʻo.
• Inā he loli iki i kā lākou hana maʻamau o kēlā me kēia lā, inā paha ma kā lākou hana maʻamau a i ʻole ma ke kaiapuni a lākou e noho nei, hiki ke paʻakikī iā lākou ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa iā ia. E noʻonoʻo, inā ʻoe e lawe iā lākou i ke kula ma kahi ala ʻokoʻa ma mua o ka mea maʻamau a lākou e hele ai, e huhū paha lākou.
• Ke paʻakikī ke launa pū me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe a me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ko lākou mau manaʻo.

Pehea ka maʻamau o kēia kūlana PDD?

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo PDD kekahi o nā maʻi maʻamau i ka māhele ASD. ʻO 47% wale nō o ka poʻe i ʻike ʻia me ASD i ʻōlelo ʻia e hāʻule i loko o kēia māhele.

He aha nā hōʻailona o ka PDD?

ʻO nā hōʻailona nui o nā keiki me PDD ka paʻakikī i ke kamaʻilio ʻana a me ka launa pū ʻana me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe . Hiki iā lākou ke ʻike i kēia mau mea:

• Ke hana hou ʻana i ka mea like: Nā mea e like me ke peahi ʻana i kou mau lima, ka hoʻoluliluli ʻana i kou kino i mua a i mua, a i ʻole ke pāʻani ʻana me ka mea pāʻani like ma ke ʻano like.
• Ka paʻakikī o ka hōʻike ʻana i nā manaʻo ma ka ʻōlelo:He paʻakikī i kekahi mau keiki ke hoʻokumu i nā huaʻōlelo, aʻo kekahi poʻe e lōʻihi ka manawa e hoʻomaka ai e ʻōlelo.
• Hiki ke paʻakikī ke hoʻololi i nā loli i nā hana maʻamau o kēlā me kēia lā: E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, hiki i nā loli liʻiliʻi ke loaʻa ka hopena nui iā lākou.
• Ke pale ʻana i ka nānā maka ʻana: Ke nānā aku nei a i ʻole ka nānā ʻole ʻana i nā maka i ka wā e kamaʻilio ai.
• Paʻakikī ke kamaʻilio ʻana: Ka lohi o ka pane ʻana i ka wā e nīnau ai kekahi, a i ʻole ka paʻakikī e hoʻomaka a hoʻomau paha i kahi kamaʻilio.
• Paʻakikī ke kāohi ʻana i nā manaʻo o kekahi: huhū koke, a i ʻole ke kaumaha a hopohopo paha.
• Ke loli nei ke ʻano o ka leo: I kekahi manawa ke ʻōlelo ʻana ma ke ʻano like ('leo palahalaha'), a i ʻole ke ʻōlelo ʻana me ka leo kiʻekiʻe loa.

ʻO ka mea nui, ʻaʻole like nā keiki āpau me PDD. Loaʻa paha i kekahi mau keiki nā hōʻailona liʻiliʻi loa, aʻo kekahi poʻe e ʻoi aku ka pilikia. Hāʻule ka hapa nui o ka poʻe ma waena.

He aha nā kumu o PDD?

ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā kānaka noiʻi hoʻokahi kumu no ka PDD. Akā, manaʻoʻiʻo lākou ua hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hui pū ʻana o nā kumu. ʻO nā mea nui:

• ʻIke Hoʻoilina: Manaʻo ka nui o nā loea he kuleana ko nā genes i ka ulu ʻana o PDD. Akā ke hoʻāʻo nei lākou e ʻike pono pehea. He nui ka poʻe me PDD i loaʻa kekahi mau loli i kā lākou mau genes, i kapa ʻia he mau mutations gene . ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua ʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema ma mua o 100 mau genes ma nā chromosomes like ʻole e pili ana i ka ASD ma kekahi ʻano. Akā he paʻakikī loa ia. ʻAʻole like nā mutations o nā kānaka a pau me PDD i kā lākou mau genes āpau. Eia kekahi, hiki ke loaʻa kekahi o kēia mau mutations i ka poʻe ʻaʻohe PDD. Ua ʻae ka hapa nui o nā kānaka noiʻi i kēia manawa hiki i kekahi mau mutations genetic ke hana i kekahi mau hōʻailona a i ʻole kaohi i ke koʻikoʻi o kēlā mau hōʻailona. Ma ka liʻiliʻi loa, hiki i kēia mau mutations ke hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka PDD.

• Nā kumu kaiapuni: Manaʻo ʻia he predisposition genetic kou e hoʻomohala i ka PDD. A laila, hiki i ka hōʻike ʻana i kekahi mau kumu kaiapuni ke hoʻonui i kēia pilikia. No ka laʻana, inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi mutation genetic, loaʻa kahi maʻi, a i ʻole ua hōʻike ʻia i kahi toxin, ʻoi aku ka nui o kou loaʻa ʻana i ka PDD.

• ʻO Biology: Ke nānā nei nā kānaka noiʻi i nā mea olaola e hoʻonui ai i ka pilikia o PDD. Hiki i kēia ke komo pū me nā kūlana e hoʻopilikia ai i kāu metabolism, ʻōnaehana pale, a i ʻole kekahi mau ʻāpana o ka lolo.

He aha nā kumu pilikia no ka PDD?

ʻO kahi mea pilikia kekahi mea e hoʻonui ai i ka likelika o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi maʻi. Ua ʻike nā loea i kekahi mau mea pilikia no ka PDD:

• Loaʻa kahi kaikunāne a kaikuahine paha me PDD a i ʻole kekahi ʻano ASD ʻē aʻe.
• ʻO kekahi mau kūlana hoʻoilina, e like me ka fragile X syndrome a i ʻole Down syndrome .
• ʻOi aku ka makahiki o nā mākua i ka wā hānau o ke keiki ma mua o 35 mau makahiki (ʻoi aku hoʻi ka makahiki o ka makuahine - 'makahiki makuahine kiʻekiʻe').
• ʻO ka hānau ʻia ʻana me ke kaumaha hānau haʻahaʻa loa.

He aha nā pilikia e hiki ke loaʻa mai ka PDD?

ʻOiai he mau pilikia kūikawā ko kēlā me kēia kanaka me PDD, hiki ke ʻokoʻa loa ke koʻikoʻi o nā hōʻailona. Hiki i kekahi mau keiki me PDD ke kamaʻilio maʻamau, aʻo kekahi poʻe ʻaʻole paha e ʻōlelo iki. Hiki i kāu kauka ke kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻoholo i ke ʻano o ke kōkua e pono ai kāu keiki. ʻO ka ʻike mua a me ka mālama ʻana e hiki ke kōkua pinepine i ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā hōʻailona o kāu keiki.

Pehea e ʻike ai nā kauka i ka PDD?

ʻAʻohe hoʻāʻo lab kikoʻī a i ʻole ka hoʻokolohua lapaʻau e hiki ai ke ʻike i ka PDD. Akā, nānā nā kauka i ke ʻano o ke kanaka a nānā i ko lākou mōʻaukala ulu ʻana.

Ke paipai nei ka American Academy of Pediatrics e nānā ʻia nā keiki āpau no ka ASD ma waena o 18 a me 24 mau mahina. Hana ka nui o nā kauka i kēia nānā ʻana i ka wā o kā lākou nānā ʻana i ka ulu ʻana a me ke olakino. I loko o kēia manawa, e kamaʻilio a pāʻani kāu kauka me kāu keiki. E nīnau pū lākou iā ʻoe i nā nīnau e pili ana i ke ʻano o kāu keiki, ke kamaʻilio ʻana, a me ka neʻe ʻana ma ka home.

ʻOiai ua hana pinepine ʻia kēia mau hōʻailona i ka wā kamaliʻi, hiki i nā kauka ke hōʻoia i ka PDD a me ka ASD i nā keiki makua, nā ʻōpio, a me nā pākeke. Inā manaʻo ʻoe he PDD a i ʻole kahi maʻi pili paha kāu keiki, e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻāʻo iā ʻoe a kuhikuhi paha iā ʻoe i kahi loea ma ASD.

Pehea e mālama ʻia ai ka PDD?

Hoʻohana nā kauka i nā ʻano lāʻau like ʻole e mālama ai i ka PDD. ʻO nā mea nui:

• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau kākoʻo
• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau
• Lāʻau lapaʻau hoʻohui

ʻOkoʻa paha nā koho lapaʻau mai kēlā kanaka a kēia kanaka. ʻO ka mea e pono ai no kekahi kanaka, ʻaʻole paha e pono no kekahi. He ʻokoʻa nā pono o kēlā me kēia kanaka. E hana kāu kauka i kahi hoʻolālā lapaʻau pilikino e kōkua iā ʻoe a i ʻole kāu keiki e loaʻa ke kōkua a lākou e pono ai.

Nā lāʻau lapaʻau kākoʻo

ʻO ke ʻano nui o ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka PDD, ʻo ia ka mālama kākoʻo. Hiki ke komo pū me kēia:

• Hoʻōla ʻōlelo: Kōkua i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hiki ke kamaʻilio a hoʻomaopopo i nā huaʻōlelo.
• Hoʻōla hana: Kōkua i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ke kino a aʻo i nā hana o kēlā me kēia lā, e like me ka ʻauʻau ʻana, ke kāhiko ʻana, a me ka palaki ʻana i nā niho.
• Hoʻōla kino: Kōkua i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mākau kaʻa, aʻo pehea e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ai, a hoʻonui i ka ikaika.
• Ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻano hana i hoʻopili ʻia (ABA): He ʻano hana lapaʻau kēia e hoʻāʻo nei e hoʻonui i nā ʻano maikaʻi a hōʻemi i nā ʻano maikaʻi ʻole.

Nā lāʻau lapaʻau

ʻAʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau e hiki ke mālama pololei i ka PDD. Eia nō naʻe, he nui ka poʻe me PDD i loaʻa i nā kūlana ʻē aʻe, e like me ka maʻi attention-deficit/hyperactivity (ADHD) , ka hopohopo , a me ke kaumaha . I ia mau hihia, hiki i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ke kōkua i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ko lākou ola holoʻokoʻa.

Lāʻau lapaʻau hoʻohui

ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau hoʻohui ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hana kuʻuna ʻole me nā lāʻau lapaʻau kuʻuna. Hiki i kēia ke komo i nā mea he nui, e like me:

• Hoʻōla kiʻi
• Hoʻōla mele
• Lomilomi
• ʻAkipuʻu
• Yoga
• Noʻonoʻo pono

Hiki i kāu kauka ke kōkua iā ʻoe e loaʻa nā lāʻau lapaʻau kōkua e hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i kou olakino holoʻokoʻa a me kou olakino.

Hiki ke pale ʻia ka PDD?

ʻAʻole. ʻAʻohe mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hana e pale aku i ka PDD a i ʻole kekahi kūlana ʻē aʻe e hāʻule ana ma lalo o ka māhele o ASD. ʻOiai ʻoe a i ʻole kāu keiki i loaʻa ia mea, ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo ua hana hewa ʻoe. Nui nā kumu e hoʻomohala ai ka poʻe i ka PDD, ʻaʻohe o ia mau mea ma lalo o kou mana. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻohe hōʻike ʻepekema e hōʻike ana nā lāʻau pale keiki i ke kumu o ka PDD a i ʻole ASD.

ʻO ke ala maikaʻi loa e mālama ai i ka PDD, ʻo ia ka ʻike mua ʻana i ka maʻi a hoʻomaka i nā hana lapaʻau i ka wā mua . Akā, ʻaʻole loa e lohi ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, no ka mea, hiki ke kōkua ka lāʻau lapaʻau i kēlā me kēia makahiki.

Āhea wau e ʻike ai i kaʻu kauka?

Inā manaʻo ʻoe he PDD kāu keiki a i ʻole kekahi maʻi like, e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i nā nānā ʻana i ka ulu ʻana. E haʻi aku ʻo ia iā ʻoe inā he maʻamau nā nānā ʻana o kāu keiki a inā pono ʻoe e ʻike i kahi loea no ka hoʻāʻo hou aku.

Inā he kanaka makua ʻoe a manaʻo ʻoe he maʻi paha kou i kapa ʻia ʻo PDD a i ʻole ASD, e noi i kāu kauka ʻohana a kauka mālama mua paha no ke kōkua. Me ka ʻike nui ʻana i ka ASD, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kumuwaiwai a me ke kākoʻo i loaʻa i kēia lā ma mua o kekahi mau makahiki i hala. ʻAʻole loa e lohi ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kākoʻo āu e pono ai.

Inā paha ʻo ʻoe a i ʻole kāu keiki, hiki ke hopohopo ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hōʻailona o kahi maʻi ulu - e like me ke komo ʻana i loko o kahi honua hou. A i ʻole he mea hōʻoluʻolu paha ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi pane i kahi nīnau āu i noʻonoʻo ai no ka manawa lōʻihi. Eia nō naʻe, aia kāu kauka ma laila nou. ʻIke nui ka poʻe loea e pili ana i ka ASD i kēia lā ma mua o hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha mau makahiki i hala.

I ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, nā mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai (Leka Lawe-Home)

ʻIke iki ka poʻe me ASD i ke ao nei me ka ʻokoʻa iki - akā ʻaʻole ia he mea maikaʻi ʻole. ʻO ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi ʻano, a i ʻole ke kauoha, i kou ola o kēlā me kēia lā he ala maikaʻi loa ia e kākoʻo iā ʻoe iho. He ala maikaʻi nō hoʻi ia e hōʻike ai i kāu keiki ua aloha ʻoe iā lākou e like me lākou.

Mai hopohopo. ʻAʻole ʻoe hoʻokahi. Inā kānalua ʻoe he PDD a ASD paha kou, e ʻimi pono i ke aʻo lapaʻau. Hiki i ke komo mua ʻana ke kōkua nui i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka wā e hiki mai ana o kāu keiki. E hoʻomanaʻo, he mea waiwai kēlā me kēia keiki, a hiki iā mākou ke kōkua i kēlā me kēia keiki e hoʻokō i ko lākou hiki piha.

ʻO ka maʻi ulu ākea, PDD, Autism Spectrum Disorder, ASD, Ka ulu ʻana o ke keiki, Ka ulu ʻana o ka lolo, Nā mākau pilikanaka, Nā pilikia kamaʻilio, Nā mana hoʻoilina, Ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻano