Ua lohe anei ʻoe e pili ana i ka 'Black Death' mai nā puke mōʻaukala? E kahaha paha ʻoe i ka ʻike ʻana ua hana ʻia kēia maʻi ahulau nui, ka mea i hoʻoweliweli i ka honua holoʻokoʻa i ka wā ma mua, a hiki i kēia lā. I ka lāʻau lapaʻau hou, kapa mākou i kēia maʻi he ahulau. Mai hoʻoweliweli i ka inoa iā ʻoe; ʻaʻole e like me ka wā ma mua, inā ʻike ʻia a mālama ʻia i ka wā mua, hiki ke ho'ōla loa ʻia. E kūkākūkā kākou i nā mea āpau e pono ai ʻoe e ʻike maopopo.
He aha maoli ke ahulau?
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ke ahulau he maʻi lele e hoʻopilikia ana i nā kānaka a me nā holoholona, i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka bacteria Yersinia pestis . Hoʻolaha pinepine ʻia e nā ʻuku. E noʻonoʻo i kēia ʻano: ke nahu kahi ʻuku i kahi holoholona i loaʻa i ka maʻi e like me ka rodent a i ʻole ka squirrel, komo ka bacteria i loko o ka ʻuku. Ke nahu kēlā ʻuku iā ʻoe, komo ka bacteria i kou kino, a loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka maʻi ke laha ma o ka hoʻopili pololei ʻana me nā holoholona i loaʻa i ka maʻi a i ʻole nā mea maʻi.
ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ua ʻoi aku ko kākou ʻike i kēlā mau maʻi lele ma mua o ko kākou mau kūpuna, e lilo ai ke ahulau i mea kakaikahi loa i kēia lā. He mau tausani wale nō hihia i hōʻike ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, ua manaʻo ʻia he maʻi koʻikoʻi loa ia.
He aha nā ʻano nui o ke ahulau?
Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke ahulau i ʻekolu ʻano nui, kēlā me kēia me nā ʻano kūikawā. Kōkua ka papa ma lalo nei e wehewehe i kēia no ʻoe.
| ʻAno ahulau | Ka Hoʻoili ʻana a me ke ʻAno |
|---|---|
| Maʻi ahulau Bubonic | ʻO kēia ke ʻano maʻamau, i laha pinepine ʻia e ka nahu ʻana o kahi ʻuku i loaʻa i ka maʻi. I loko o 2-8 mau lā, hoʻonui ka bacteria i loko o nā lymph nodes, e hoʻoulu ai iā lākou e pehu. Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau lymph nodes ʻeha a pehu hoʻi he "buboes." |
| Maʻi ahulau Septicemic | Hiki ke hana ʻia kēia mai nā nahu ʻuku a i ʻole ka lawelawe ʻana i kahi holoholona i loaʻa i ka maʻi. Inā ʻaʻole i mālama ʻia, hiki i ka maʻi Bubonic ke holomua i kēia pae i ka wā e komo ai ka bacteria i ke koko. |
| Maʻi ahulau Pneumonia | ʻO kēia ke ʻano koʻikoʻi loa a weliweli hoʻi no ka mea ʻo ia wale nō ke ʻano e hiki ke laha pololei mai ke kanaka a i ke kanaka. Hoʻolaha ʻia ia ma ka hanu ʻana i nā kulu lele mai ka ʻū ʻana a i ʻole ka ʻūhā ʻana o ke kanaka. Holo wikiwiki loa ia (i loko o 1-3 mau lā). |
He aha nā hōʻailona?
ʻIke pinepine ʻia nā hōʻailona ma hope o 1 a 8 mau lā ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻana. ʻIke mua ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i nā hōʻailona maʻamau e like me ka luhi nui, ke kuni koke, ke anu, a me ke poʻo ʻeha . Ma hope mai nā hōʻailona kikoʻī ma muli o ke ʻano.
Nā Hōʻailona o ka Maʻi Bubonic
ʻO ka hōʻailona nui ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o nā "buboes" - nā ʻōpū lymph ʻeha a pehu i loaʻa pinepine ʻia ma nā armpits, groin, a i ʻole ka ʻāʻī. Me ka ʻole o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hiki i ka bacteria ke laha i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.
Nā Hōʻailona o ka Maʻi ʻAʻai Septicemic
ʻOi aku ka ʻino o kēia ma mua o ka maʻi ahulau Bubonic no ka mea ke komo pololei nei ka bacteria i ke koko. ʻO nā hōʻailona penei:
- Ke kahe ʻana o ke koko mai ka waha, ka ihu, a i ʻole ka ʻōpū, a me ke kahe ʻana o ke koko ma lalo o ka ʻili .
- Ka ʻeleʻele ʻana o nā ʻiʻo, ʻoiai ma nā manamana lima, nā manamana wāwae, a i ʻole ka ihu.
- ʻEha nui o ka ʻōpū , ka maʻi pākī , ka luaʻi ʻana , a me ka haʻalulu.
Nā Hōʻailona o ka Maʻi Pneumonic
ʻO kēia ke ʻano laha ʻole a make loa. Me ka ʻole o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, he make ia.
- ʻEha ka umauma.
- ʻŪhū, i kekahi manawa me ke koko.
- Paʻakikī ka hanu ʻana.
- Ka luaʻi a me ka luaʻi.
Inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi o kēia mau hōʻailona—ʻoi aku hoʻi inā ua noho ʻoe ma kahi i ʻike nui ʻia ai nā ʻiole —e ʻimi koke i ke kōkua lapaʻau ma kāu keʻena pilikia kūloko . I nā hihia o ka maʻi ahulau, he mea koʻikoʻi kēlā me kēia hola.
ʻIke a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau
Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona a ua noho ʻoe ma kahi i ʻike ʻia ai ke ahulau a i ʻole he pilikia paha, e noʻonoʻo kāu kauka i kēia hōʻailona. No ka hōʻoia ʻana, e kauoha lākou i nā hoʻokolohua lab ma nā hāpana koko a i ʻole ka wai i lawe ʻia mai kahi lymph node pehu e nānā no Yersinia pestis .
He mea koʻikoʻi ka manawa no ka mālama ʻana.
Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona, e hoʻokomo kāu kauka iā ʻoe i ka haukapila a hoʻomaka koke i ka lāʻau antibiotic. ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau:
- ʻO Ciprofloxacin
- ʻO Doxycycline
- Gentamicin
- ʻO Levofloxacin
He kūpono loa kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau, a me nā lāʻau antibiotic, hoʻōla ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i loko o hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha pule. Eia nō naʻe, e hoʻomanaʻo me ka ʻole o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, he make ka maʻi ahulau no ka hapa nui o ka poʻe. Inā he kānalua kou no nā hōʻailona, e hele koke i ka lumi pilikia.
Pehea e pale ai iā ʻoe iho
ʻAʻohe lāʻau pale i loaʻa ākea no ke ahulau, no laila ke kī ka pale ʻana. Eia kekahi mau hana maʻalahi e noho palekana ai:
- E mālama i kou home maʻemaʻe: E sila i nā lua a i ʻole nā māwae e hiki ai i nā ʻiole ke komo i loko o kou hale.
- E hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kou wahi a puni: E mālama i kou pā hale ma ka wehe ʻana i nā puʻu o ka lau nahele, ka lāʻau, a i ʻole ka pōhaku kahi e peʻe ai nā holoholona.
- E hoʻohana i ka mea pale pepeke: Inā ʻoe e hele wāwae ana a i ʻole e kipa ana i nā wahi kuaʻāina, e hoʻohana i kahi mea pale pepeke me ka DEET ma kou ʻili e pale aku ai i nā ʻuku.
- E pale i nā holoholona hihiu: Mai hoʻopā i nā holoholona hihiu ola a make paha. Inā pono ʻoe e lawelawe iā lākou, e ʻaʻahu mau i nā mīkina lima.
- E mālama i kāu mau holoholona: E hōʻoia i kāu mau ʻīlio a me nā pōpoki e lawe ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono no ka pale ʻana i nā ʻuku.
- Mai ʻae i nā holoholona e auwana ana i waho e hiamoe i loko o kou wahi moe.
Leka Lawe-Home
- He maʻi bacteria koʻikoʻi ka maʻi ahulau i hiki ke ho'ōla ʻia me ka mālama koke ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau .
- Hoʻolaha nui ʻia ia ma o ka nahu ʻana o nā ʻuku e noho ana ma luna o nā holoholona i loaʻa i ka maʻi e like me nā rodents.
- ʻO nā hōʻailona pinepine ka wela koke, nā anu, a me nā ʻōpū lymph pehu a ʻeha (buboes).
- Inā ʻike ʻoe i kēia mau hōʻailona, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma hope o ke kipa ʻana i nā wahi i loaʻa pinepine ai nā rodents, e ʻimi koke i ke kōkua lapaʻau .
- ʻO ka mālama ʻana i kahi ʻāina maʻemaʻe, ka pale ʻana i ka launa pū ʻana me nā holoholona hihiu, a me ka mālama ʻana i kāu mau holoholona e hiki ke kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi.
Maʻi ahulau, Make ʻEleʻele, Maʻi lele, Yersinia pestis, Maʻi ahulau Bubonic
