Aia ke kahe koko i loko o kou maka? E aʻo kākou e pili ana i ke kahe koko retinal!

Ua manaʻo paha ʻoe e hiki i nā kīʻaha koko liʻiliʻi i loko o ko kākou mau maka ke poha a kahe ke koko? I kekahi manawa hiki ke hana ʻia kēia me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia e kākou. I kēia lā e kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i ia ʻano maʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kahe koko retinal, a i ʻole e like me kā mākou e kapa nei ma nā huaʻōlelo lapaʻau, `(Retinal Hemorrhage)`. Mai hopohopo, e wehewehe mākou i nā mea āpau e pili ana i kēia ma nā ʻōlelo maʻalahi.

He aha ke kahe koko o ka Retinal?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ke kahe koko retinal ke kahe ʻana o ke koko ma ka retina, kahi ʻāpana o kou maka. Ua like ka retina me ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni i loko o kahi kāmela, kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai nā kiʻi a mākou e ʻike ai. Hana ʻia kēia kahe koko ke hōʻino ʻia nā kīʻaha koko palupalu ma ka retina.

Hiki ke hana ʻia kēia inā ʻoe e kuʻi ikaika i kou poʻo, a i ʻole ma muli o kekahi mau maʻi e hoʻopilikia ana i ka maka, a i ʻole ma muli o nā maʻi e hoʻopilikia ana i nā kīʻaha koko. ʻO ka hapa pinepine, hoʻokahi wale nō maka e hoʻopilikia ai kēia ʻano (kapa mākou iā ia he 'unilateral retinal hemorrhage'). Eia naʻe, i kekahi manawa, hiki ke hana ʻia i nā maka ʻelua i ka manawa hoʻokahi (kapa mākou iā ia he 'bilateral retinal hemorrhage').

E noʻonoʻo, ke kahe nei ke koko o kekahi poʻe i loko o ko lākou mau maka e like me kēia a ʻaʻohe hōʻailona. ʻAʻole lākou i ʻike ua hana ʻia. Eia naʻe, hiki i kekahi ke nalowale i ko lākou ʻike. Inā he mau loa kēia pōʻino a ʻaʻole paha, pili ia i ke kumu o ke kahe ʻana o ke koko a me ka nui o ke koko i nalowale.

ʻOkoʻa ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana ma muli o ke kumu. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, ʻaʻole pono kekahi mālama kūikawā no ke kahe koko liʻiliʻi. Eia nō naʻe, inā ua pilikia kou ʻike a i ʻole he pilikia o ka makapō mau loa, pono paha nā inikini, ka mālama laser, a i ʻole ke ʻoki ʻana.

Inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi mau loli i kou mau maka a i ʻole ka ʻike, e ʻike koke i kahi loea maka. Inā nalowale koke kou ʻike i kekahi a i ʻole nā ​​maka ʻelua, pono ʻoe e hele pololei i ka lumi pilikia.

He aha nā ʻano o nā hemorrhages retinal?

E hoʻokaʻawale kāu loea maka i kēia kahe koko ma muli o kahi i hana ʻia ai i loko o ka retina. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i kekahi manawa e kona ʻano. I kekahi manawa hiki i kēia kahe koko ke hoʻopilikia i kekahi mau papa o ka retina ('multilayered retinal hemorrhage').

Eia kekahi o nā ʻano nui i ʻike ʻia:

• ʻO nā kahe koko intraretinal: He mau waimaka a haki paha kēia i loko o ka ʻiʻo retinal. I kekahi manawa ua kapa ʻia lākou he "dot-and-blot hemorrhages" no ka mea ua like lākou me nā kiko a i ʻole nā ​​kiko.
• Nā kahe koko o ka papa o ke aʻalolo retinal:ʻO ka papa optic nerve fiber layer (RNFL) he hōʻiliʻili o nā hunaola nerve e hoʻopili ana i ka retina i ke aʻalolo optic. ʻO nā ʻano hemorrhages e hoʻopilikia ai i ka RNFL e komo pū me nā hemorrhages lapalapa (e like me nā lapalapa), nā hemorrhages disc (e like me nā ʻāpana i loko o kahi ʻāpana lāʻau), a me nā hemorrhages splinter (e like me nā ʻāpana i loko o kahi ʻāpana lāʻau).
• ʻO nā kahe koko preretinal: Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia e ka haehae ʻana i loko o ka membrane e hoʻokaʻawale ana i ka lua vitreous mai ka retina. I kekahi manawa ua kapa ʻia lākou he ʻano waʻa a i ʻole ke ʻano D no ka mea ua ʻike ʻia lākou he ʻano "waʻa" a i ʻole "D".
• Nā kahe koko Vitreous: Ua piha ka ʻaoʻao o loko o ko kākou mau maka i kahi mea like me ka gel i hana ʻia me ka wai a me ke collagen. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he gel vitreous. Hiki mai kēia ʻano ke kahe ke koko mai ka retina i loko o ka lua i loaʻa ai kēia vitreous.

ʻO wai ka mea i ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hemorrhages retinal?

Hiki i kēia maʻi ke hiki i kekahi. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka loaʻa ʻana o ia ma ka poʻe me kekahi mau maʻi olakino. Eia kekahi laʻana:

• Nā pae cholesterol kiʻekiʻe i loko o ke koko (hyperlipidemia)
• Ke koko kiʻekiʻe (hypertension)
• Ka lahilahi a me ka paʻakikī o nā aʻa (atherosclerosis)
• ʻO ka maʻi diabetes (ʻO ka maʻi diabetes mellitus)
• Ka Hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana o ka Macular

ʻOi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o kēia pilikia no ka poʻe e hoʻohana ana i nā lāʻau hoʻomāmā koko (e like me ka aspirin a i ʻole warfarin).

Mai kahaha, hiki i nā pēpē hānau hou ke loaʻa i kēia maʻi i kekahi manawa. Ma kahi o ka hapalua o nā pēpē i hānau ʻia ma o nā ʻano hānau kōkua, e like me ka vacuum extraction a i ʻole ka forceps delivery, loaʻa paha ka retinal hemorrhage i ka wā hānau.

ʻOi aku ka nui o ka poʻe ma luna o 40 mau makahiki e loaʻa i kēia maʻi ma muli o nā pilikia maka maʻamau e hele mai me ka ʻelemakule.

He aha nā hōʻailona o ka hemorrhage retinal?

Nui ka poʻe i loaʻa i kēia maʻi akā ʻaʻole lākou e ʻike i kekahi mau hōʻailona.

Eia nō naʻe, inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona, ​​​​e ʻike paha ʻoe i nā loli i kou ʻike. ʻO nā hōʻailona maʻamau:

• Ka nalowale koke ʻana o ka ʻike.
• ʻO ka ʻino mālie a i ʻole ka pohihihi o ka ʻike.
• ʻO ke ʻano o nā kiko makapō ma ka ʻike.
• Nā kiko ʻeleʻele a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​kikoʻī i ka ʻike.
• Ke ʻike ʻana i nā kukui (nā ʻālohilohi) a i ʻole ka manaʻo e like me nā mea (nā lana) i mua o nā maka.

He aha nā kumu o nā hemorrhages retinal?

ʻO ke kumu nui o kēia ma muli o ka hōʻino lōʻihi ʻana i nā maka a i ʻole nā ​​​​kīʻaha koko, a i ʻole ma muli o kahi ʻeha koke (trauma). ʻO nā kumu maʻamau:

• Ka ʻeha.
• Nā maʻi vascular (nā kūlana e hoʻopilikia ai i kou mau kīʻaha koko).
• Nā maʻi autoimmune.

Eia kekahi, hiki i nā maʻi e like me ka leukemia a me nā maʻi e like me ka bacterial endocarditis ke hana i kēia. I ka poʻe ma luna o 40 mau makahiki, hiki ke hana ʻia kēia ʻano e nā maʻi maka e pili ana i ka makahiki e like me ka macular degeneration.

ʻOiai inā ʻike ʻoe he kekahi o kēia mau kūlana kou, mai manaʻo e loaʻa maoli iā ʻoe kahi hemorrhage retinal. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hana ʻia kēia kūlana ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole ʻoe i ʻike he kekahi o kēia mau kūlana kou.

ʻO ia ke kumu he mea nui ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau maʻamau i hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā hōʻailona mua o kahi maʻi e hiki ai ke alakaʻi i nā kahe koko retinal i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

He aha ka mea e hana ʻia ma muli o ka trauma?

Aia kekahi mau ʻano ʻeha e hana ai i kēia:

• Nā ʻeha maka: ʻO kēlā me kēia ʻeha i ke poʻo a i ʻole nā ​​​​maka hiki ke hōʻino i nā kīʻaha koko i loko o ka retina.
• ʻO ka Shaken Baby Syndrome: ʻO ka lulu ʻana i kahi pēpē a keiki liʻiliʻi paha e hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe i ke koko i loko o ko lākou lolo a me ka retina. He mea weliweli loa kēia, no laila e pale i ka lulu ʻana i nā keiki liʻiliʻi.
• Maʻi kiʻekiʻe: Ke piʻi koke ʻoe i kahi kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke loli ke kaomi i loko o kou mau maka a hoʻoulu i ke kahe koko i loko o kou retina. Hiki nō hoʻi kēia ke hana i nā mea luʻu scuba e piʻi koke mai ana mai ka wai hohonu.
• ʻAʻai make kalapona monoxide (CO): Hana ʻia kēia ke hanu ʻoe i nā uahi e loaʻa ana ke kalapona monoxide (CO). ʻO ka hanu ʻana i nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ka CO, ʻoiai no kekahi mau minuke, hiki iā ʻoe ke maʻi loa a make paha.

He aha ka mea e hana ai ma muli o nā maʻi vascular?

Hiki ke hana ʻia nā kahe koko retinal e nā maʻi e hōʻino a ālai paha i kou mau kīʻaha koko. ʻOi aku ka weliweli o kēia mau maʻi no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou e hōʻike pinepine i nā hōʻailona a hiki i ka wā e ulu ai nā pilikia. ʻO nā maʻi kīʻaha koko maʻamau e hoʻoulu ai i nā kahe koko retinal:

• Ke koko kiʻekiʻe (Hypertension)
• Kolesterol kiʻekiʻe
• Nā Pale ʻAla Retinal (RVO)
• ʻO ka Preeclampsia ma hope o ka hānau ʻana
• Anemia

He aha ka mea e hana ai ma muli o nā maʻi autoimmune?

ʻO nā maʻi autoimmune ke hoʻouka hewa kāu ʻōnaehana pale i kou kino ponoʻī ma kahi o ka pale ʻana iā ʻoe. ʻAʻole maopopo loa ke kumu o kēia. Hiki i kekahi mau ʻano maʻi autoimmune ke hōʻino i kou retina a hoʻoulu i ke kahe koko. Nā laʻana:

• ʻO ka maʻi diabetes (ʻO ka maʻi diabetes mellitus)
• Lupus
• Vasculitis (ka mumū o nā kīʻaha koko)

Pehea e ʻike ai i ke kahe koko o ka retina?

E hana kāu kauka ophthalmologist i kahi hoʻokolokolo maka.ʻO kēia ka mea i ʻike ʻia. E nānā ʻo ia i kou mau maka (me loko) a hana i kahi hoʻāʻo ʻike maka .

Eia kekahi, hiki ke hana ʻia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe e ʻike ai i ke kumu o ke kahe ʻana o ke koko a i ʻole e ʻike i ka nui o ka pōʻino i hana ʻia i ka retina. ʻO nā hoʻokolohua maʻamau:

• He hoʻāʻo koko e nānā i nā maʻi a me nā pae cholesterol.
• ʻO Angiography ( kahi hoʻokolohua e lawe i nā kiʻi o nā kīʻaha koko).
• Kiʻi Hoʻohui Makeneka (MRI) .

Pehea e mālama ʻia ai nā kahe koko retinal?

ʻO ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i kēia ma muli o kekahi mau kumu:

• He aha ke kumu?
• Pehea ka nui o ka hopena i kou ʻike?
• Pehea ke koʻikoʻi o ke kahe koko retinal?

ʻAʻole pono ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā. Inā he koko liʻiliʻi kou, ʻaʻole ia e ʻoi aku ka ʻino, a ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopilikia i kou ʻike, ʻo ka mea paha āu e hana ai, ʻo ia ke nānā ʻia kou mau maka e kāu kauka e ʻike inā e ho'ōla wale ke koko.

Eia nō naʻe, inā makemake ʻoe i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kekahi o kēia mau mea:

• E hoʻoponopono i ke kahe ʻana o ke koko me ka laser a i ʻole cryotherapy .
• ʻO ke ʻoki kino e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ke kaomi i loko o ka maka a hoʻopili hou i ka retina.
• Ke hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi lāʻau e like me ka anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) a i ʻole corticosteroid e hōʻemi i ka pehu i loko o ka maka.

Pehea ka lōʻihi e ho'ōla ai mai ke kahe koko retinal?

E haʻi aku kāu loea maka iā ʻoe i ka lōʻihi o ka manawa e hoʻōla ai, ma muli o kāu mau hōʻailona a me ke kumu o ke kahe ʻana o ke koko. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, hiki ke hala kekahi mau pule e hoʻōla ai ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana.

I kou wā e ho'ōla ai, pono paha ʻoe e pale i ka lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau hoʻokahe koko, e like me nā lāʻau hoʻomaha ʻeha ma luna o ke kauka (OTC NSAID). E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka maka e pili ana i kēia.

He aha ka mea e hana ai inā loaʻa iaʻu kahi hemorrhage retinal?

Ua ho'ōla piha ka nui o ka po'e mai kēia ma'i, ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana.

Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi manawa hiki i ke kahe koko retinal ke hōʻeha mau loa i kou retina, e hoʻopilikia ana i kou ʻike no ke koena o kou ola. A i ʻole, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ka ʻike haʻahaʻa ma hope o kēia kūlana.

Pehea e pale ai i ke kahe koko ʻana o ka retina?

ʻO ke ala maikaʻi loa e pale aku ai i kēia, ʻo ia ke pale aku i nā kūlana e hoʻoulu ai. Eia kekahi mau mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hana:

• ʻAi ʻana i ka meaʻai olakino haʻahaʻa i nā momona saturated a me trans, cholesterol, sodium (paʻakai), a me ke kō.
• Hoʻoikaika kino mau.
• E mālama i kahi kaumaha olakino e kūpono iā ʻoe.
• ʻOi aku ka kaohi ʻana i nā kūlana olakino, e like me ka maʻi diabetes, ke koko kiʻekiʻe, a me ka cholesterol kiʻekiʻe.
• Ke hoʻōki nei i ka puhipaka.
• Nā nānā maʻamau me ke kauka a me ke kauka maka.

Āhea wau e nānā ai i koʻu mau maka?

ʻO ka nānā mau ʻana i kou mau maka a me kou ʻike maka e hiki ke kōkua i kāu loea maka e ʻike i nā pilikia i ka wā mua. ʻO ka pinepine o kou nānā ʻana i kou mau maka e pili ana i kou mau makahiki:

• Nā mākua ma lalo o 40 mau makahiki: I kēlā me kēia ʻelima a ʻumi makahiki.
• Nā pākeke ma waena o 40 a me 54 mau makahiki: I kēlā me kēia ʻelua a ʻehā mau makahiki.
• Nā mākua ma luna o 55 mau makahiki: I kēlā me kēia makahiki hoʻokahi a ʻekolu.

Inā ʻoe e komo i nā aniani maka, nā lepili maka, a i ʻole makemake ʻoe i kahi mea kōkua ʻike maka ʻē aʻe, pono paha ʻoe e nānā pinepine i kou mau maka. Pono pū ka poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes e nānā pinepine ʻia ko lākou mau maka. E nīnau i kāu kauka maka i ka pinepine o kou nānā ʻana i kou mau maka.

Āhea wau e ʻike ai i ke kauka?

Inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi loli i kou mau maka a i ʻole ka ʻike, e ʻike koke i ke kauka a i ʻole ophthalmologist .

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi o kēia mau hōʻailona , ​​e hele pololei i ka lumi pilikia (ER):

• Ka nalowale koke ʻana o ka ʻike.
• ʻEha nui o ka maka.
• Inā ʻike ʻoe i nā kukui hou ('flashes') a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea ('floaters') i mua o kou mau maka.

He aha nā nīnau e pono iaʻu e nīnau aku i kaʻu kauka?

Inā ʻike ʻoe he hemorrhage retinal kou, hiki iā ʻoe ke nīnau i kāu kauka i kēia mau nīnau:

• He aha ke kumu o kēia kahe koko retinal i loko o koʻu maka?
• He aha ke ʻano o ke kahe koko retinal i loaʻa iaʻu?
• E pono anei iaʻu ke ʻoki kino?
• E loaʻa anei kēia i ka hopena mau loa i koʻu ʻike?

He like anei ke kahe koko retinal a me ka retinal detachment?

ʻAe, ʻoiai he mau pilikia koʻikoʻi kēia mau mea ʻelua e hoʻopilikia ana i ka retina, aia kahi ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā mea ʻelua.

ʻO ke kahe koko retinal kahi kūlana e haki ai nā kīʻaha koko i loko o ka retina a kahe ke koko ma muli o ka hōʻino ʻia o kou maka. Hiki ke hana koke ʻia kēia, ma muli o kahi ʻeha, a i ʻole hiki ke hana i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, e like me ka maʻi o nā kīʻaha koko.

Ka Wehe ʻana o ka RetinalʻO kēia ka manawa e huki ai kou retina mai ke kino ma ke kua o kou maka e kākoʻo ana iā ia. Hiki i kēia ke kumu i ke kahe koko ma ka retina. ʻAʻole ʻeha ka hemo ʻana o ka retina. Eia nō naʻe, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā loli i kou ʻike, e like me nā kukui uila koke, ka ʻike peripheral blurred, a i ʻole ka nalowale koke o ka ʻike ma kekahi maka. Hiki ke hana ʻia ka hemo ʻana o ka retina ma muli o nā ʻeha a me nā kūlana e like me ka uveitis, ʻo ia ka mumū o ka papa waena o ka maka.

Inā nalowale kou ʻike ma kekahi a i ʻole nā ​​​​maka ʻelua, a inā hoʻomaka ʻoe e ʻike i nā kukui hou a me nā mea lana, e hele koke i ka lumi pilikia.

He mea like anei ke kahe koko retinal a me ke kahe koko subconjunctival?

ʻO kēia mau mea ʻelua he mau hihia o ke kahe ʻana o ke koko i loko o ka maka. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma kahi e kahe ai ke koko.

Hoʻopilikia nā kahe koko retinal i ka retina - ka papa o nā cell ma ke kua o ka maka.

ʻO ke kahe koko subconjunctival he kīʻaha koko i pohā ma luna o ka ʻili o kou maka. He membrane lahilahi a moakaka ka conjunctiva e pale ana i kou maka. ʻO ka maʻamau, he ʻulaʻula wale nō ke ʻano o kēia, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopilikia i kou ʻike, a ho'ōla ia iho.

ʻO ka mea hope loa, leka lawe i ka home:

He kūlana ka hemorrhage retinal e pono ai ka nānā ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke mālama maikaʻi ʻia. ʻO ka mea nui loa, ʻo ia ke ʻimi koke i ke kōkua lapaʻau inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi mau loli i kou mau maka a i ʻole ka ʻike.

• Hiki i nā hoʻokolohua maka maʻamau ke kōkua i ka ʻike ʻana i ia mau pilikia i ka wā mua.
• Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā maʻi e like me ka maʻi diabetes a i ʻole ke koko kiʻekiʻe, e kaohi pono iā lākou.
• ʻO ka hahai ʻana i kahi nohona olakino ʻaʻole ia he mea maikaʻi wale no nā maka, akā no ke kino holoʻokoʻa.

E hoʻomanaʻo, he mea makamae loa kou mau maka, no laila ʻo kou kuleana ke mālama iā lākou.

ʻO ke kahe koko ma ka retina, retina, ke kahe koko ma ka maka, ka nalowale o ka ʻike, ka maʻi maka, ka maʻi kō, ke koko kiʻekiʻe