He aha nā pūnaewele T? E aʻo hou kākou e pili ana i nā pale o ko kākou kino!

Ua manaʻo paha ʻoe he pūʻali koa liʻiliʻi akā ikaika loa ko kākou i loko o ko kākou kino e hakakā i nā maʻi? ʻO nā pūnaewele T kahi ʻāpana kūikawā o kēia pūʻali koa e pale aku iā kākou mai nā ʻenemi e like me nā maʻi a me nā bacteria me ka ʻike ʻole o kākou. Ua like kēia me nā koa liʻiliʻi i loko o ko kākou kino. I kēia lā, e kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kēia mau koa liʻiliʻi ma ke ʻano maʻalahi.

He aha maoli nā pūnaewele T?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo nā pūnaewele T kahi ʻano o nā pūnaewele koko keʻokeʻo i loko o ko kākou koko. Ma nā ʻōlelo lapaʻau, ua kapa ʻia lākou he lymphocytes. ʻO kēia mau pūnaewele, i kapa ʻia he lymphocytes, he kuleana koʻikoʻi loa ia i loko o kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale . ʻO ka ʻōnaehana pale ka ʻōnaehana pale e hakakā ana i nā germs, e like me nā virus, bacteria, a me nā fungi, e komo i loko o ko kākou kino. ʻAʻole wale ia, hana pū kēia ʻōnaehana e luku i nā mea e hōʻino ai i ke kino, e like me nā pūnaewele maʻi kanesa.

ʻElua ʻano nui o nā koa i loko o kā mākou pūʻali lymphocyte. ʻO lākou nā pūnaewele T a me nā pūnaewele B. I ka hui pū ʻana, pale lākou iā mākou.

• Nā pūnaewele B: Hana kēia mau pūnaewele i nā protein kūikawā i kapa ʻia he antibodies. Hele kēia mau antibodies a luku i nā pathogens.
• Nā pūnaewele T: Hana iki kēia i kahi ʻokoʻa. Hele pololei nā pūnaewele T i kā mākou mau pūnaewele ponoʻī i loaʻa i nā germs a luku i nā mea e like me nā pūnaewele kanesa. Hoʻouna pū lākou i nā hōʻailona i nā pūnaewele ʻē aʻe i loko o ka ʻōnaehana pale, e haʻi ana iā lākou, "ʻO kēia ke ʻano o kā mākou hakakā."

Aia kekahi mau ʻano nui o nā pūnaewele T?

ʻAe, aia ʻelua mau hui nui o nā pūnaewele T. E like me ka pūʻali koa he pūʻali hoʻouka kaua a me kahi luna kauoha. E ʻike kākou ʻo wai lākou.

Ma waho aʻe o kēia mau ʻano nui ʻelua, aia kekahi mau pūnaewele T hoʻoponopono . ʻO kā lākou hana ke kāohi i ka hana o nā pūnaewele T ʻē aʻe ke pau ka hakakā a i ʻole ke pono. He mea nui loa kēia, no ka mea, inā ʻaʻole, hiki i kā mākou mau pūnaewele T ke hoʻouka i kā mākou mau pūnaewele olakino ponoʻī.

Pehea e hana ai kēia mau pūnaewele T?

ʻO nā pūnaewele T kekahi ʻāpana o ka ʻōnaehana pale hoʻololi. E noʻonoʻo iā lākou he "ʻōnaehana pale akamai" holomua loa. Ke nānā mau nei lākou i nā ʻenemi. Ke ʻike lākou i kahi ʻenemi, hoʻouka lākou i kahi hoʻouka kaua kūikawā e kūʻē i kēlā ʻenemi.

Ke ʻike ka ʻōnaehana pale i kahi ʻenemi, loaʻa iā ia ke kelepona T kikoʻī e hiki ke luku i kēlā ʻenemi a kāhea iā ia e hana. A laila hana kēlā kelepona T i nā tausani kope o ia iho. ʻO nā kelepona T e hui pū me kēia hakakā ua kapa ʻia he mau kelepona effector . ʻO kēia mau kelepona effector ka mea e luku ai i ka ʻenemi a pale iā mākou mai nā maʻi.

Mālama nā pūnaewele T iā mākou ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke kaua. ʻO kekahi mau pūnaewele T, ma kahi o ka lilo ʻana i mau pūnaewele hoʻoulu, lilo lākou i mau pūnaewele hoʻomanaʻo . ʻAʻole hakakā kēia mau pūnaewele hoʻomanaʻo. Akā, hoʻomanaʻo lākou i nā kikoʻī o ka ʻenemi. Inā hoʻi hou mai ka ʻenemi like i ke kino, ʻae kēia mau pūnaewele hoʻomanaʻo i ka ʻōnaehana pale e ʻike koke iā ia a hoʻomaka i kahi hoʻouka me ka hoʻolālā kahiko like.

Pehea e hoʻomākaukau ai kahi pūnaewele T no ke kaua (hoʻāla ʻia)?

ʻAʻole hele wale kahi pūnaewele T a kaua. Pono e hoʻāla mua ʻia. Aia kekahi mau ʻanuʻu no kēlā.

1. ʻO ka mea mua, loaʻa i kahi cell kūikawā i kapa ʻia he antigen-presenting cell (APC) nā hōʻike o ka ʻenemi (no ka laʻana, kahi ʻāpana o kahi virus) a hoʻopili iā ia i kahi ʻano i kapa ʻia ʻo ka major histocompatibility complex (MHC) . Ua like kēia me ke kiʻi ʻana o kahi mākaʻi i kahi ʻaihue a kau iā ia ma kahi papa hoʻolaha. ʻAʻole hiki i nā cell T ke ʻike pololei i ka ʻenemi, hiki iā lākou ke ʻike iā ia ke hōʻike ʻia ma kēia MHC.

2. A laila, komo mai ke kelepona T a hoʻopaʻa i kēia MHC. Akā, ʻaʻole hiki i nā kelepona T āpau ke hoʻopaʻa i kēlā me kēia MHC. Hiki i nā kelepona T pepehi kanaka (CD8+) ke hoʻopaʻa wale i ke ʻano I MHC. Hiki i nā kelepona T kōkua (CD4+) ke hoʻopaʻa wale i ke ʻano II MHC. Ua like ia me kahi hoa pili no ke kī a me ka laka.

3. Ke hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia nā mea āpau ma kēia ʻano, hoʻāla ʻia ka pūnaewele T. ʻO ia ka manawa e komo ai i ke kaua. He mea nui loa kēia hoʻonohonoho ʻana, no ka mea, hōʻoia ia e komo ka pūnaewele T kūpono no kēlā ʻenemi i ke kaua.

Ma hea kahi i hana ʻia ai nā pūnaewele T a aia i loko o ko kākou kino?

Ua like ke ola o nā pūnaewele T me kahi huakaʻi liʻiliʻi. Ma nā pae like ʻole o kēlā huakaʻi, aia lākou ma nā wahi like ʻole.

• Kahi Hānau - Iwi ʻAoʻao: ʻO ka ʻiʻo palupalu i loko o ko kākou mau iwi, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka iwi ʻaoʻao, kahi e ulu mua ai nā pūnaewele T. E like me nā pūnaewele koko āpau, hoʻomaka nā pūnaewele T ma ke ʻano he mau pūnaewele kumu hematopoietic .
• Kula Hoʻomaʻamaʻa - Thymus: A laila hele kēia mau pūnaewele T ʻōpiopio (i kapa ʻia he thymocytes) i ka thymus, kahi ʻōkana ma waenakonu o luna o ko kākou umauma, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia. Ua like ka thymus me ke "kula hoʻomaʻamaʻa koa" no nā pūnaewele T. Maanei, ua hoʻāʻo ʻia lākou e ʻike inā hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopaʻa pono i ka MHC a ʻaʻole e hoʻouka i kā mākou mau pūnaewele olakino ponoʻī. Maanei nō hoʻi lākou e loaʻa ai kā lākou "kāleka ʻike" - CD4 a i ʻole CD8. ʻO nā pūnaewele T wale nō i hala i kēia mau hoʻokolohua a pau e hoʻokuʻu ʻia.
• Nā Māhele Hana - ʻIʻo Lymphatic a me ke Koko: A laila hele nā ​​​​pūnaewele T i hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi ʻia i kā mākou ʻōnaehana lymph, e like me ka spleen, tonsils, a me nā lymph nodes. Ke kaʻapuni nei kekahi i loko o ke koko. Maanei lākou e noho ai, e kali ana i kahi kāhea e hana.

He aha nā maʻi a me nā kūlana e hoʻopilikia ai i nā pūnaewele T?

Aia kekahi mau ʻano maʻi e hoʻopilikia ai i ka hana o nā pūnaewele T. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale nui ʻia kēia mau mea he mau maʻi autoimmune a me nā maʻi immunodeficiency . I nā maʻi autoimmune, hoʻouka hewa ka ʻōnaehana pale i kā mākou mau cell olakino ponoʻī. ʻO nā maʻi immunodeficiency nā kūlana i hoʻonāwaliwali ʻia ai ka ʻōnaehana pale.

ʻO kekahi mau kūlana e hiki ke hoʻopili i nā pūnaewele T:

• Leukemia lymphocytic koʻikoʻi: He ʻano maʻi kanesa e hoʻomaka ana i loko o ke koko a me ka iwi iwi.
• ʻO ka lymphoma Hodgkin makua:He ʻano maʻi ʻaʻai koko e hoʻomaka ana i loko o ka ʻōnaehana lymphatic.
• Nā lymphomas T-cell: Nā maʻi kanesa e hoʻomaka ana i loko o nā pūnaewele T.
• HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus): Hoʻouka nui kēia maʻi i kā mākou mau pūnaewele T kōkua (nā pūnaewele CD4+ T). Hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i ka haki ʻana o ke kikowaena kauoha o ka ʻōnaehana pale, e alakaʻi ana i ka AIDS.
• ʻO ka maʻi DiGeorge: He kūlana genetic e pale ai i ke kino mai ka hana ʻana i nā cell T olakino kūpono.
• ʻO ka hemahema pale kino i hui pū ʻia (SCID): He hui o nā maʻi genetic kakaikahi kahi i nāwaliwali loa ai ka ʻōnaehana pale ma muli o nā pilikia me nā pūnaewele T.

He aha ka helu maʻamau o nā pūnaewele T?

ʻO ke kūlana maʻamau o nā pūnaewele T i loko o kahi kanaka makua olakino:

• Helu o nā CD4 (nā pūnaewele kōkua T): Ma waena o 500 - 1,200 mau pūnaewele no ka millimeter cubic.
• Helu o nā CD8 (nā pūnaewele pepehi kanaka T): Ma waena o 150 - 1,000 mau pūnaewele no ka millimeter cubic.

Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke ʻokoʻa iki kēia mau waiwai ma muli o ka lab e hana ana i kāu hoʻāʻo koko. No laila , ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kamaʻilio ʻana me kāu kauka e loaʻa ai ka ʻike pololei loa e pili ana i nā waiwai i kāu hōʻike.

He aha ke ʻano o ka emi ʻana o nā pūnaewele T?

ʻO ka helu haʻahaʻa o nā cell T ʻo ia hoʻi ka nāwaliwali o ka ʻōnaehana pale. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻoi aku kou maʻalahi i nā germs. Hiki ke loaʻa kekahi mau kumu no ka helu haʻahaʻa o nā cell T. No ka laʻana, ʻo nā maʻi genetic i loaʻa i ka wā hānau, nā maʻi i loaʻa ma hope, e like me ka HIV, a i ʻole kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau (e like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau maʻi kanesa) hiki ke hana i ka helu haʻahaʻa o nā cell T.

He aha ke ʻano o ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā pūnaewele T?

He mea kākaʻikahi ka hana nui ʻana o nā pūnaewele T. Hana pinepine ia i ka wā e hana ai ka ʻōnaehana pale i nā pūnaewele T he nui loa e hakakā ai i kahi maʻi i loko o ke kino. Hiki i kekahi ʻano maʻi kanesa ke hoʻonui i nā pūnaewele T.

Pehea e hiki ai iā mākou ke hoʻonui i ka ikaika o kā mākou mau pūnaewele T?

Aia kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole nā ​​​​lāʻau lapaʻau e hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā cell-T, akā pono e lawe ʻia ma lalo o ka nānā ʻana o ke kauka. E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana iā lākou. Akā, he nui nā mea hiki iā mākou ke hana e hoʻomau i ko mākou ʻōnaehana pale ma ke ʻano laulā. I kekahi manawa ʻo ke ala maikaʻi loa e pale aku ai i kā mākou mau cell-T, ʻo ia ka hana nui ʻole ʻana iā lākou. ʻO ia hoʻi ka noho mamao ʻana mai nā germs i ka hiki a me ka mālama pono ʻana i kou kino.

• E ʻai i ka meaʻai maikaʻi a kaulike .
• E kiʻi i kāu mau lāʻau pale āpau i ka manawa kūpono.
• E hōʻalo loa i ka waiʻona a me ka puhipaka .
• E hiamoe maikaʻi ma ka liʻiliʻi he 7-8 mau hola i kēlā me kēia pō.
• E hana i ka hoʻoikaika kino kaulike ma ka liʻiliʻi he 150 mau minuke i kēlā me kēia pule.
• I ka maikaʻi loa e like me ka hikiE holoi i kou mau lima me ke kopa.