Niaj hnub no, peb yuav tham txog ib yam dab tsi tseem ceeb rau koj lub cev. Xav txog koj lub cev zoo li cov kav dej hauv tsev; koj muaj ib lub network nyuaj ntawm cov "tubes" me me uas thauj cov as-ham thiab oxygen thoob plaws koj lub cev. Cov no hu ua koj cov hlab ntsha . Hais yooj yim, peb yuav tsis muaj sia nyob yog tsis muaj lawv.
Cov hlab ntsha sib txawv yog dab tsi?
Puas muaj ntau hom hlab ntsha sib txawv? Yog, muaj ob pawg tseem ceeb. Lawv lub hom phiaj sib koom yog nqa cov ntshav huv thiab muaj oxygen ntau los ntawm koj lub plawv mus rau txhua lub ces kaum ntawm koj lub cev.
Hom thawj yog cov hlab ntsha elastic . Xav txog tus neeg zov lub wicketkeeper ntes lub pob cricket uas khiav ceev; lawv yuav tsum nqus qhov kev cuam tshuam siab thawj zaug. Cov hlab ntsha no ua tib yam, txais cov ntshav siab ncaj qha los ntawm koj lub plawv ua ntej xa mus.
Hom thib ob yog cov hlab ntsha ntawm cov leeg nqaij . Ib yam li tus neeg uas ua si ntawd khiav mus xa lub pob mus rau qhov chaw uas nws xav tau mus, cov hlab ntsha no faib cov ntshav ntawd mus rau ntau yam nqaij thoob plaws koj lub cev.
Hauv luv luv:
- Cov hlab ntsha uas ywj pheej: Cov no muaj cov fibers uas ywj pheej ntau, ua rau lawv ncab thiab rov qab zoo li txoj hlua roj hmab. Lawv nyob ze tshaj plaws rau lub plawv. Piv txwv li suav nrog aorta thiab cov hlab ntsha hauv lub ntsws .
- Cov hlab ntsha ntawm cov leeg: Cov no muaj cov leeg nqaij du dua. Lawv yog cov uas muab cov ntshav faib rau qee qhov ntawm lub cev. Piv txwv li, cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub femoral (hauv koj ceg), cov hlab ntsha radial (ntawm koj lub dab teg, qhov chaw uas koj hnov koj lub plawv dhia), thiab cov hlab ntsha brachial (hauv koj txhais caj npab sab saud).
Qhov txawv ntawm cov hlab ntsha thiab cov leeg ntshav yog dab tsi?
Muaj coob tus neeg tsis nkag siab txog cov hlab ntsha thiab cov leeg ntshav. Cia peb piav qhia qhov txawv.
Cov hlab ntsha
- Lawv nqa cov ntshav huv uas muaj oxygen ntau los ntawm koj lub plawv mus rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev.
- Lawv cov phab ntsa muaj zog thiab muaj cov leeg nqaij vim lawv yuav tsum tiv taus qhov siab ntawm cov ntshav txhua zaus koj lub plawv dhia.
- Cov hlab ntsha tsis muaj cov qhov (valves); lub zog uas koj lub plawv tsim tawm txaus kom cov ntshav khiav mus rau ib qho kev taw qhia.
Cov leeg ntshav
- Tom qab koj cov hlwb thiab cov nqaij tau siv cov pa oxygen lawm, cov hlab ntsha no nqa cov ntshav uas tsis muaj pa oxygen (deoxygenated) rov qab mus rau koj lub plawv.
- Cov phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha nyias dua li cov hlab ntsha vim tias cov ntshav siab hauv lawv qis dua.
- Cov hlab ntsha muaj cov qhov (valves) kom tiv thaiv cov ntshav kom tsis txhob ntws rov qab.
Cov hlab ntsha pab koj cov kabmob ua haujlwm li cas?
Txoj hauj lwm tseem ceeb ntawm koj cov hlab ntsha yog los ncig cov pa oxygen thiab cov as-ham. Koj lub plawv tso cov ntshav uas muaj oxygen no mus rau hauv lub cev cov hlab ntsha loj tshaj plaws, lub aorta . Los ntawm qhov ntawd, nws nthuav tawm mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha me me thiab me dua, nthuav dav thoob plaws koj lub cev zoo li lub vas sab.
Nco ntsoov tias txhua lub cev hauv koj lub cev xav tau cov pa oxygen thiab cov khoom noj khoom haus no kom ua haujlwm tau. Koj cov hlab ntsha yog cov kev loj uas muab cov khoom tseem ceeb no.
Qee cov hlab ntsha yog mob siab rau cov kabmob tshwj xeeb, xws li:
- Cov hlab ntsha hauv lub plawv: Muab cov ntshav ncaj qha mus rau cov leeg nqaij plawv.
- Cov hlab ntsha carotid: Nqa cov ntshav mus rau koj lub hlwb, lub ntsej muag, thiab caj dab.
- Cov hlab ntsha vertebral: Muab cov khoom noj rau lub hlwb thiab tus txha caj qaum.
- Cov hlab ntsha Iliac: Muab cov ntshav rau thaj tsam pelvic.
- Cov hlab ntsha femoral: Muab cov ceg.
- Cov hlab ntsha subclavian: muab cov ntshav rau lub taub hau, caj dab, thiab caj npab.
- Cov hlab ntsha Celiac thiab mesenteric: Muab khoom rau koj lub cev zom zaub mov.
Cov lus tseeb txaus nyiam txog koj cov hlab ntsha!
Muaj qee yam zoo kawg nkaus uas yuav tsum paub txog koj cov hlab ntsha:
- Koj puas paub tias koj lub paj hlwb xa cov cim rau koj cov hlab ntsha kom nqaim lossis nthuav? Nov yog li cas koj cov ntshav siab raug tswj. Los ntawm kev kho lawv txoj kab uas hla, koj cov hlab ntsha ua rau koj cov ntshav siab ruaj khov.
- Txhua lub sijhawm, kwv yees li 10% ntawm koj cov ntshav tag nrho nyob hauv koj cov hlab ntsha.
- Qhov txaus nyiam yog tias cov hlab ntsha hauv lub ntsws yog tib txoj hlab ntsha uas nqa cov ntshav uas tsis muaj oxygen, thiab cov ntshav "qias neeg". Nws nqa cov ntshav ntawm lub plawv mus rau lub ntsws kom tau txais cov pa oxygen tshiab.
Lawv nyob qhov twg, lawv zoo li cas, thiab lawv ua li cas?
Cov hlab ntsha pib ntawm lub plawv nrog lub aorta thiab ceg tawm zoo li cov ceg ntoo, ncav cuag txhua qhov ntawm koj lub cev.
Lawv zoo li cov raj , tab sis tsis zoo li cov leeg ntshav, lawv cov phab ntsa tuab thiab muaj zog txaus los tswj cov ntshav siab uas tawm los ntawm lub plawv sab laug. Lawv yooj ywm heev.
Hais txog qhov loj, koj cov hlab ntsha loj tshaj plaws, lub aorta, muaj txoj kab uas hla li ntawm 10–25 hli (0.4–0.9 nti). Lwm cov hlab ntsha muaj txij li 3–5 hli (0.11–0.19 nti). Cov hlab ntsha me tshaj plaws, hu ua arterioles , tuaj yeem me li 0.01 txog 0.30 hli hauv txoj kab uas hla.
Cov hlab ntsha muaj peb txheej tseem ceeb:
1. Tunica intima: Txheej sab hauv uas muaj cov fibers elastic.
2. Tunica media: Txheej nruab nrab, nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov leeg nqaij du, uas tso cai rau cov hlab ntsha kom nqaim lossis dav raws li qhov xav tau.
3. Tunica externa: Cov txheej sab nraud uas txuas rau cov nqaij ntshiv ib puag ncig thiab yog cov chaw uas muaj cov hlab ntsha uas qhia rau cov hlab ntsha kom kho nws qhov loj.
Cov mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha uas feem ntau muaj yog dab tsi?
Tu siab kawg li, muaj ntau yam mob uas yuav cuam tshuam rau koj cov hlab ntsha. Qee yam suav nrog:
- Atherosclerosis (Cov hlab ntsha nqaim thiab tawv) : Qhov mob no tshwm sim thaum cov tshuaj xws li rog thiab cov roj cholesterol sib sau ua ke hauv koj cov phab ntsa hlab ntsha, ua rau lawv nqaim thiab tawv dhau sijhawm.
- Aneurysm : Ib feem ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha uas tsis muaj zog thiab loj zoo li lub npas. Yog tsis kho, qhov no yuav tawg tau.
- Ntshav Qhuav : Ib qho pob uas tsim nyob rau hauv ib txoj hlab ntsha uas thaiv kev ntws ntawm cov ntshav.
- Kab Mob Coronary Artery : Kev loj hlob ntawm atherosclerosis tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha uas muab ntshav rau koj lub plawv.
- Kab Mob Carotid Artery : Kev loj hlob ntawm atherosclerosis hauv cov hlab ntsha carotid, uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev xa ntshav mus rau koj lub hlwb.
- Ntshav Siab
- Cov roj cholesterol ntau
- Kab Mob Ntshav Qab Zib (PAD) : Kev nqaim ntawm cov hlab ntsha uas muab ntshav rau koj txhais tes thiab txhais ceg.
- Kab mob vasculitis (mob o ntawm cov hlab ntsha) : Ib qho mob uas cov phab ntsa ntawm koj cov hlab ntsha o thiab o.
Cov cim lossis tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha yog dab tsi?
Feem ntau, cov mob xws li ntshav siab thiab roj cholesterol ntau tsis qhia cov tsos mob thaum ntxov. Yog koj tsis paub, koj cov hlab ntsha yuav maj mam tawv, thiab cov plaque (cov roj cholesterol thiab rog sib sau ua ke) yuav pib txhaws lawv. Cov teeb meem no ua rau cov ntshav ntws tsis yooj yim, ua rau cov hlab ntsha nqaim lossis txhaws tag.
Qee cov cim qhia txog kab mob arterial muaj xws li:
- Mob hauv siab
- Mob plawv nres
- Mob stroke
- Mob loog los yog mob hauv koj ob txhais ceg
- Ua tsis taus pa
- Mob plab
- Qaug zog heev
Tseem Ceeb: Yog tias koj muaj ib qho ntawm cov tsos mob no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nrhiav kev kho mob tam sim ntawd, vim tias lawv tuaj yeem qhia txog tus mob hnyav.
Cov kev kuaj mob uas feem ntau siv los xyuas koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov hlab ntsha yog dab tsi?
Koj tus kws kho mob muaj ntau yam kev kuaj duab los soj ntsuam qhov xwm txheej ntawm koj cov hlab ntsha:
- Angiography : Ib txoj kev kho mob uas ib qho xim tshwj xeeb raug txhaj rau hauv cov hlab ntsha, ua raws li kev thaij duab X-ray.
- Kev Ntsuas CT (Computed Tomography)
- MRI (Kev Siv Duab Sib Nqus Sib Nqus)
- Echocardiogram : Kev kuaj mob ultrasound los ntsuas kev ua haujlwm ntawm koj lub plawv thiab nws cov hlab ntsha.
Cov kev kho mob uas feem ntau siv rau cov kab mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha yog dab tsi?
Kev kho mob rau cov kab mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha sib txawv ntau heev, xws li kev siv tshuaj mus rau kev phais mob:
- Kev hloov pauv hauv lub neej: (Peb yuav tham txog cov no sai sai no)
- Cov tshuaj siv los txo cov roj cholesterol lossis ntshav siab
- Cov tshuaj ua kom cov ntshav nyias
- Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev o, xws li corticosteroids
- Angioplasty : Ib txoj kev kho mob uas siv lub cuab yeej zoo li lub npas los nthuav cov hlab ntsha nqaim, feem ntau ua raws li kev tso stent.
- Kev phais plawv los ntawm kev phais plawv
- Kev phais mob bypass rau lwm cov hlab ntsha uas raug thaiv
- Carotid endarterectomy : Ib qho kev phais mob kom tshem tawm cov rog ntawm cov hlab ntsha carotid.
Cov kauj ruam yooj yim kom koj cov hlab ntsha noj qab nyob zoo
Yog li ntawd, koj ua tau dab tsi los pab kom koj cov hlab ntsha noj qab nyob zoo? Qhov tseeb, cov kauj ruam uas koj ua rau lub plawv noj qab nyob zoo yog yam uas koj cov hlab ntsha xav tau.
Nov yog qee cov kauj ruam yooj yim uas koj ua tau:
- Noj zaub mov kom zoo rau lub plawv. Tsis txhob noj cov khoom noj uas muaj roj trans thiab roj saturated ntau. Noj txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub, zaub ntsuab, thiab cov khoom noj uas muaj fiber ntau.
- Ua si nawv tsis tu ncua. Sim ua kom muaj zog tsawg kawg yog 30 feeb txhua hnub, xws li taug kev, khiav, lossis ua luam dej.
- Tsis txhob haus luam yeeb kiag li (luam yeeb, vapes, thiab lwm yam).
- Tsom ntsoov rau koj txoj kev pw tsaug zog (yog tias koj yog ib tug neeg laus, tsom mus rau xya txog cuaj teev ntawm kev pw tsaug zog zoo ib hmos).
- Tswj kev ntxhov siab kom zoo. Kev xyaum xws li kev xav, yoga, lossis ua koj cov haujlwm nyiam ua yuav ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv loj heev.
- Yog koj muaj ntshav siab, roj cholesterol ntau, lossis ntshav qab zib, ua raws li koj txoj kev npaj kho mob tas li.
- Tswj koj lub cev kom muaj qhov hnyav zoo.
- Txwv koj cov dej cawv.
Muaj coob tus neeg tsuas xav txog lawv lub plawv thaum lawv xav txog lawv lub plawv xwb, tiam sis koj cov hlab ntsha ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb heev. Lawv yog txoj kev uas xa cov pa oxygen, cov as-ham, thiab lwm yam khoom noj uas txhawb nqa txoj sia los ntawm koj cov ntshav. Thaum koj saib xyuas koj cov hlab ntsha, lawv yuav saib xyuas koj!
Nco ntsoov tias, vim tias ntshav siab thiab roj cholesterol ntau feem ntau tsis muaj tsos mob, kev kuaj mob tsis tu ncua yog qhov tseem ceeb kom ntseeg tau tias koj cov qib nyob rau hauv qhov zoo. Yog tias lawv tsis yog, nrhiav kev pab kho mob kom zoo yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws kom nyob twj ywm.
