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Txuag koj tus menyuam cov ntshav hlab ntaws rau yav tom ntej? (Kev Khaws Cov Ntshav hlab ntaws) Cia peb tham txog qhov no!

Txuag koj tus menyuam cov ntshav hlab ntaws rau yav tom ntej? (Kev Khaws Cov Ntshav hlab ntaws) Cia peb tham txog qhov no!

Yog tias koj yog ib leej niam lossis leej txiv uas tab tom yuav muaj menyuam tshiab, tej zaum koj yuav tau hnov ​​​​​​lo lus 'Cord Blood Banking'. Hais yooj yim, qhov no txhais tau tias qee cov ntshav tseem ceeb uas tseem tshuav ntawm txoj hlab ntaws thiab lub placenta, uas raug pov tseg tom qab tus menyuam yug los, raug coj mus khaws cia kom muaj kev nyab xeeb kom nws siv tau los kho txhua yam mob uas yuav tshwm sim yav tom ntej. Qhov no yog ib qho teeb meem kub hauv Sri Lanka tam sim no. Yog li qhov no puas tsim nyog nws tiag? Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev ua qhov no yog dab tsi? Nws ua li cas? Cia peb tham txog txhua yam no kom meej thiab sib haum xeeb hnub no.

Vim li cas cov ntshav qaum thiaj muaj nqis heev?

Xav txog seb, feem ntau tom qab yug me nyuam, txoj hlab ntaws thiab lub tsev menyuam raug pov tseg. Tab sis hauv cov ntshav uas tshuav nyob rau hauv txoj hlab ntaws no, muaj ib hom cell tshwj xeeb uas muaj peev xwm ua tau txhua hom cell hauv peb lub cev. Peb hu cov stem cell no. Nws zoo li daim ntaub dawb paug. Ib yam li peb tuaj yeem kos duab rau ntawm daim ntaub ntawd, cov stem cell no kuj tuaj yeem tsim mus ua ntau hom cell hauv peb lub cev, xws li cov ntshav thiab cov hlwb tiv thaiv kab mob.

Cov noob hlwb no zoo ib yam li cov noob hlwb uas pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov pob txha. Yog li ntawd, lawv tuaj yeem siv los kho ntau dua 80 yam kab mob uas ua rau tuag taus. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, "Kev hloov pauv los ntawm cov ntshav hlab ntaws tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb los cawm txoj sia ntawm cov menyuam yaus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg uas muaj kab mob sib xyaw ua ke (SCID), qee yam mob qog noj ntshav, thiab cov kab mob ntshav xws li mob ntshav dawb."

Qee zaum, cov ntshav hlab ntaws uas cov kws tshawb fawb pub dawb li no yog siv los tsim thiab sim cov kev kho mob tshiab. Qhov no txhais tau tias txawm tias nws tsis pab tau ib tug neeg hauv tsev neeg los xij, nws tuaj yeem pab txhawb kev tshawb fawb txog kev kho mob.

Qhov txawv ntawm cov tsev txhab nyiaj pej xeem thiab cov tsev txhab nyiaj ntiag tug yog dab tsi?

Muaj ob txoj kev tseem ceeb los khaws cov ntshav hlab ntaws. Ib txoj yog pub rau lub tsev txhab nyiaj hauv xeev. Qhov thib ob yog khaws cia rau hauv lub tsev txhab nyiaj ntiag tug. Muaj qhov sib txawv loj ntawm ob txoj kev no. Cia peb saib seb lawv yog dab tsi.

Feature Cov Tsev Txhab Ntshav Pej Xeem Cov Tsev Txhab Ntshav Ntiag Tug
Tus nqi Dawb kiag li. Qhov no yog kev pub dawb. Kim heev . Koj yuav tsum tau them tus nqi pib thiab tus nqi saib xyuas txhua xyoo.
Kev Muaj Tswv Cuab Cov ntshav uas coj los kuaj no yuav yog cov khoom pej xeem li. Yuav muab rau txhua tus neeg mob uas xav tau kev pab. Koj tsev neeg muaj cai tag nrho rau cov qauv ntshav.
Muaj Tsis muaj kev lees paub tias cov ntshav uas koj pub yuav muaj rau koj lossis koj tsev neeg yog tias koj xav tau. Tej zaum nws tau muab rau lwm tus neeg mob, siv rau kev tshawb fawb, lossis pov tseg yog tias qhov ntau tsis txaus. Yog tias ib tug neeg hauv koj tsev neeg xav tau nws, koj tuaj yeem siv tus qauv ntawd.

Yog li, puas tsim nyog tso nyiaj rau hauv tsev txhab nyiaj ntiag tug?

Nov yog lo lus nug tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Thaum koj saib cov ntaub ntawv suav, qhov uas ib tug menyuam yaus siv lawv cov noob hlwb tsawg heev, kwv yees li 1 ntawm 5,000 . Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias tsuas yog ib tug ntawm 5,000 tus menyuam yaus thiaj li yuav muaj lub cib fim ntawd.

Txawm li cas los xij, qhov muaj feem uas ib tug me nyuam yuav tsum tau cov hlwb stem cell pub dawb yog 1 ntawm 2,500 . Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias lawv yuav tsum tau lwm tus li ob npaug ntau dua li siv lawv li.

Qhov teeb meem ntxiv yog seb tus kwv tij puas siv tau cov ntshav no. Tsuas muaj 25% xwb uas tus kwv tij yuav muaj 100% qhov sib phim zoo tag nrho. Kuj tseem muaj 25% uas nws yuav tsis sib phim kiag li. Yog li ntawd, tsis tau lees tias tus kwv tij yuav siv tau cov ntshav no.

Ib tug neeg laus, txhais tau tias yog niam txiv, muaj tsawg dua txoj hauv kev siv cov ntshav no, vim tias cov ntshav uas tau los ntawm txoj hlab ntaws feem ntau tsis txaus rau lub cev ntawm ib tug neeg laus.

Vim li no, American Academy of Pediatrics (American Academy ofTxawm tias cov koom haum kho mob loj hauv ntiaj teb, xws li Lub Koom Haum Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Ntiaj Teb (WHO ), pom zoo kom muab cov ntshav muaj nqis no rau lub tsev txhab nyiaj hauv xeev dua li tso rau hauv tus kheej.

Koj sau cov ntshav ntawm txoj hlab ntaws no li cas?

Txawm koj xav pub ntshav los yog khaws cia rau hauv koj tus kheej, qhov no yog ib yam uas yuav tsum tau npaj ua ntej. Koj yuav tsum qhia rau koj tus kws kho mob thiab tsev kho mob ua ntej koj yug menyuam thiab npaj cov khoom siv khaws ntshav uas tsim nyog.

Ntau lub tsev txhab nyiaj hauv xeev xav kom cov niam txiv sau npe ntawm 28 thiab 34 lub lis piam ntawm kev cev xeeb tub . Lawv kuj tseem kuaj xyuas keeb kwm kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov niam pub menyuam.

Thaum lub sijhawm yug menyuam, cov ntshav no tuaj yeem raug khaws cia ua ntej lossis tom qab lub placenta yug los. Tom qab txiav thiab clamped tus menyuam txoj hlab ntaws, tus kws kho mob lossis tus nais siv ib rab koob me me los rub qee cov ntshav seem ntawm cov hlab ntaws. Cov txheej txheem no tsis mob thiab tsis ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau tus menyuam lossis leej niam.

Tom qab ntawd, ib qho kev pabcuam xa khoom tshwj xeeb yuav coj cov ntshav no mus rau lub tsev khaws ntshav. Nyob ntawd, cov noob hlwb raug cais tawm ntawm cov ntshav seem thiab khaws cia rau hauv cov kua nitrogen hauv qab cov xwm txheej cryogenic.

Yuav ua li cas xaiv lub txhab nyiaj ntshav qaum uas tsim nyog?

Yog koj txiav txim siab yuav tau txais cov kev pabcuam no los ntawm ib lub tsev txhab nyiaj ntiag tug, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tshawb nrhiav nws kom zoo zoo.

Cov kws tshaj lij ceeb toom kom tsis txhob hais lus loj loj thiab hais dhau qhov tseeb xws li "kho tau cov kab mob zoo li mob hlwb tuag tes tuag taw tag nrho." Ua ntej xaiv lub tsev txhab nyiaj, nco ntsoov tshawb nrhiav cov lus tseeb no:

  • Kev ruaj khov nyiaj txiag ntawm lub tuam txhab: Saib seb lub tuam txhab tau ua lag luam ntev npaum li cas thiab lawv cov ntaub ntawv nyiaj txiag zoo li cas.
  • Tus naj npawb ntawm cov qauv uas lawv ua: Ib lub tsev kawm ntawv uas tswj hwm ntau cov qauv feem ntau muaj kev paub dhau los thiab txoj kev ua haujlwm zoo dua.
  • Yog tias lub tuam txhab tawm haujlwm: Nrhiav seb puas muaj txoj cai meej meej txog qhov tshwm sim rau koj cov qauv.
  • Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov nqi: Cov nqi pib thiab cov nqi saib xyuas txhua xyoo yog dab tsi? Nug seb cov nqi ntawd puas ruaj khov lossis lawv puas tuaj yeem nce ntxiv raws sijhawm.
  • Kev Pom Zoo: Xyuas seb lub tsev kawm ntawv puas muaj cov qauv lees paub thoob ntiaj teb. Nws yog ib qho cim zoo yog tias nws tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm cov koom haum xws li 'FACT' (Lub Tuam Txhab rau Kev Pom Zoo ntawm Cellular Therapy) thiab 'AABB' (American Association of Blood Banks). Txhua lub tsev txhab ntshav yuav tsum tau sau npe nrog lub koom haum tswj hwm xws li FDA (Food and Drug Administration).
  • Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Kho Mob:Nrhiav seb cov kws kho mob yog leej twg uas qhia cov tswv yim rau lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawd thiab lawv cov kev tsim nyog yog dab tsi.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog, tsis txhob txiav txim siab txog qhov no ib leeg xwb. Tham txog qhov no kom meej nrog koj tus kws kho mob poj niam (VOG) thiab nrhiav nws cov lus qhia.

Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev

  • Cov noob hlwb uas pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntawm txoj hlab ntaws yog ib qho khoom muaj nqis heev uas tuaj yeem kho tau ntau yam kab mob loj.
  • Thaum koj pub qhov no rau lub tsev txhab nyiaj hauv xeev, koj tuaj yeem pab cawm ntau tus neeg uas xav tau kev pab yam tsis tas them nqi.
  • Kev tso nyiaj rau hauv ib lub tsev txhab nyiaj ntiag tug kim heev, thiab qhov uas ib tus menyuam lossis ib tug neeg hauv tsev neeg yuav tsum tau siv nws yog qhov tsawg heev.
  • Thaum xaiv ib lub tsev txhab nyiaj ntiag tug, ua tib zoo tshawb nrhiav lawv qhov kev ntseeg siab, kev paub dhau los, thiab kev lees paub thoob ntiaj teb.
  • Ua ntej yuav txiav txim siab txog qhov no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham thiab nrhiav nws cov lus qhia tshaj lij.

Cov ntshav qaum, kev khaws cov ntshav qaum, cov noob hlwb, lub txhab ntshav, cev xeeb tub, yug menyuam, kev kho mob noob hlwb, lub txhab ntshav qaum rau pej xeem, lub txhab ntshav qaum ntiag tug
⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

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Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.

Ntxiv koj cov lus

Thov xam: 8 + 1 =
Txuag koj tus menyuam cov ntshav hlab ntaws rau yav tom ntej? (Kev Khaws Cov Ntshav hlab ntaws) Cia peb tham txog qhov no!
Rau Cov Niam TxivJuly 6, 2026

Txuag koj tus menyuam cov ntshav hlab ntaws rau yav tom ntej? (Kev Khaws Cov Ntshav hlab ntaws) Cia peb tham txog qhov no!

Yog tias koj yog ib leej niam lossis leej txiv uas tab tom yuav muaj menyuam tshiab, tej zaum koj yuav tau hnov ​​​​​​lo lus 'Cord Blood Banking'. Hais yooj yim, qhov no txhais tau tias qee cov ntshav tseem ceeb uas tseem tshuav ntawm txoj hlab ntaws thiab lub placenta, uas raug pov tseg tom qab tus menyuam yug los, raug coj mus khaws cia kom muaj kev nyab xeeb kom nws siv tau los kho txhua yam mob uas yuav tshwm sim yav tom ntej. Qhov no yog ib qho teeb meem kub hauv Sri Lanka tam sim no. Yog li qhov no puas tsim nyog nws tiag? Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev ua qhov no yog dab tsi? Nws ua li cas? Cia peb tham txog txhua yam no kom meej thiab sib haum xeeb hnub no.

Vim li cas cov ntshav qaum thiaj muaj nqis heev?

Xav txog seb, feem ntau tom qab yug me nyuam, txoj hlab ntaws thiab lub tsev menyuam raug pov tseg. Tab sis hauv cov ntshav uas tshuav nyob rau hauv txoj hlab ntaws no, muaj ib hom cell tshwj xeeb uas muaj peev xwm ua tau txhua hom cell hauv peb lub cev. Peb hu cov stem cell no. Nws zoo li daim ntaub dawb paug. Ib yam li peb tuaj yeem kos duab rau ntawm daim ntaub ntawd, cov stem cell no kuj tuaj yeem tsim mus ua ntau hom cell hauv peb lub cev, xws li cov ntshav thiab cov hlwb tiv thaiv kab mob.

Cov noob hlwb no zoo ib yam li cov noob hlwb uas pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov pob txha. Yog li ntawd, lawv tuaj yeem siv los kho ntau dua 80 yam kab mob uas ua rau tuag taus. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, "Kev hloov pauv los ntawm cov ntshav hlab ntaws tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb los cawm txoj sia ntawm cov menyuam yaus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg uas muaj kab mob sib xyaw ua ke (SCID), qee yam mob qog noj ntshav, thiab cov kab mob ntshav xws li mob ntshav dawb."

Qee zaum, cov ntshav hlab ntaws uas cov kws tshawb fawb pub dawb li no yog siv los tsim thiab sim cov kev kho mob tshiab. Qhov no txhais tau tias txawm tias nws tsis pab tau ib tug neeg hauv tsev neeg los xij, nws tuaj yeem pab txhawb kev tshawb fawb txog kev kho mob.

Qhov txawv ntawm cov tsev txhab nyiaj pej xeem thiab cov tsev txhab nyiaj ntiag tug yog dab tsi?

Muaj ob txoj kev tseem ceeb los khaws cov ntshav hlab ntaws. Ib txoj yog pub rau lub tsev txhab nyiaj hauv xeev. Qhov thib ob yog khaws cia rau hauv lub tsev txhab nyiaj ntiag tug. Muaj qhov sib txawv loj ntawm ob txoj kev no. Cia peb saib seb lawv yog dab tsi.

Feature Cov Tsev Txhab Ntshav Pej Xeem Cov Tsev Txhab Ntshav Ntiag Tug
Tus nqi Dawb kiag li. Qhov no yog kev pub dawb. Kim heev . Koj yuav tsum tau them tus nqi pib thiab tus nqi saib xyuas txhua xyoo.
Kev Muaj Tswv Cuab Cov ntshav uas coj los kuaj no yuav yog cov khoom pej xeem li. Yuav muab rau txhua tus neeg mob uas xav tau kev pab. Koj tsev neeg muaj cai tag nrho rau cov qauv ntshav.
Muaj Tsis muaj kev lees paub tias cov ntshav uas koj pub yuav muaj rau koj lossis koj tsev neeg yog tias koj xav tau. Tej zaum nws tau muab rau lwm tus neeg mob, siv rau kev tshawb fawb, lossis pov tseg yog tias qhov ntau tsis txaus. Yog tias ib tug neeg hauv koj tsev neeg xav tau nws, koj tuaj yeem siv tus qauv ntawd.

Yog li, puas tsim nyog tso nyiaj rau hauv tsev txhab nyiaj ntiag tug?

Nov yog lo lus nug tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Thaum koj saib cov ntaub ntawv suav, qhov uas ib tug menyuam yaus siv lawv cov noob hlwb tsawg heev, kwv yees li 1 ntawm 5,000 . Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias tsuas yog ib tug ntawm 5,000 tus menyuam yaus thiaj li yuav muaj lub cib fim ntawd.

Txawm li cas los xij, qhov muaj feem uas ib tug me nyuam yuav tsum tau cov hlwb stem cell pub dawb yog 1 ntawm 2,500 . Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias lawv yuav tsum tau lwm tus li ob npaug ntau dua li siv lawv li.

Qhov teeb meem ntxiv yog seb tus kwv tij puas siv tau cov ntshav no. Tsuas muaj 25% xwb uas tus kwv tij yuav muaj 100% qhov sib phim zoo tag nrho. Kuj tseem muaj 25% uas nws yuav tsis sib phim kiag li. Yog li ntawd, tsis tau lees tias tus kwv tij yuav siv tau cov ntshav no.

Ib tug neeg laus, txhais tau tias yog niam txiv, muaj tsawg dua txoj hauv kev siv cov ntshav no, vim tias cov ntshav uas tau los ntawm txoj hlab ntaws feem ntau tsis txaus rau lub cev ntawm ib tug neeg laus.

Vim li no, American Academy of Pediatrics (American Academy ofTxawm tias cov koom haum kho mob loj hauv ntiaj teb, xws li Lub Koom Haum Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Ntiaj Teb (WHO ), pom zoo kom muab cov ntshav muaj nqis no rau lub tsev txhab nyiaj hauv xeev dua li tso rau hauv tus kheej.

Koj sau cov ntshav ntawm txoj hlab ntaws no li cas?

Txawm koj xav pub ntshav los yog khaws cia rau hauv koj tus kheej, qhov no yog ib yam uas yuav tsum tau npaj ua ntej. Koj yuav tsum qhia rau koj tus kws kho mob thiab tsev kho mob ua ntej koj yug menyuam thiab npaj cov khoom siv khaws ntshav uas tsim nyog.

Ntau lub tsev txhab nyiaj hauv xeev xav kom cov niam txiv sau npe ntawm 28 thiab 34 lub lis piam ntawm kev cev xeeb tub . Lawv kuj tseem kuaj xyuas keeb kwm kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov niam pub menyuam.

Thaum lub sijhawm yug menyuam, cov ntshav no tuaj yeem raug khaws cia ua ntej lossis tom qab lub placenta yug los. Tom qab txiav thiab clamped tus menyuam txoj hlab ntaws, tus kws kho mob lossis tus nais siv ib rab koob me me los rub qee cov ntshav seem ntawm cov hlab ntaws. Cov txheej txheem no tsis mob thiab tsis ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau tus menyuam lossis leej niam.

Tom qab ntawd, ib qho kev pabcuam xa khoom tshwj xeeb yuav coj cov ntshav no mus rau lub tsev khaws ntshav. Nyob ntawd, cov noob hlwb raug cais tawm ntawm cov ntshav seem thiab khaws cia rau hauv cov kua nitrogen hauv qab cov xwm txheej cryogenic.

Yuav ua li cas xaiv lub txhab nyiaj ntshav qaum uas tsim nyog?

Yog koj txiav txim siab yuav tau txais cov kev pabcuam no los ntawm ib lub tsev txhab nyiaj ntiag tug, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tshawb nrhiav nws kom zoo zoo.

Cov kws tshaj lij ceeb toom kom tsis txhob hais lus loj loj thiab hais dhau qhov tseeb xws li "kho tau cov kab mob zoo li mob hlwb tuag tes tuag taw tag nrho." Ua ntej xaiv lub tsev txhab nyiaj, nco ntsoov tshawb nrhiav cov lus tseeb no:

  • Kev ruaj khov nyiaj txiag ntawm lub tuam txhab: Saib seb lub tuam txhab tau ua lag luam ntev npaum li cas thiab lawv cov ntaub ntawv nyiaj txiag zoo li cas.
  • Tus naj npawb ntawm cov qauv uas lawv ua: Ib lub tsev kawm ntawv uas tswj hwm ntau cov qauv feem ntau muaj kev paub dhau los thiab txoj kev ua haujlwm zoo dua.
  • Yog tias lub tuam txhab tawm haujlwm: Nrhiav seb puas muaj txoj cai meej meej txog qhov tshwm sim rau koj cov qauv.
  • Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov nqi: Cov nqi pib thiab cov nqi saib xyuas txhua xyoo yog dab tsi? Nug seb cov nqi ntawd puas ruaj khov lossis lawv puas tuaj yeem nce ntxiv raws sijhawm.
  • Kev Pom Zoo: Xyuas seb lub tsev kawm ntawv puas muaj cov qauv lees paub thoob ntiaj teb. Nws yog ib qho cim zoo yog tias nws tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm cov koom haum xws li 'FACT' (Lub Tuam Txhab rau Kev Pom Zoo ntawm Cellular Therapy) thiab 'AABB' (American Association of Blood Banks). Txhua lub tsev txhab ntshav yuav tsum tau sau npe nrog lub koom haum tswj hwm xws li FDA (Food and Drug Administration).
  • Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Kho Mob:Nrhiav seb cov kws kho mob yog leej twg uas qhia cov tswv yim rau lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawd thiab lawv cov kev tsim nyog yog dab tsi.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog, tsis txhob txiav txim siab txog qhov no ib leeg xwb. Tham txog qhov no kom meej nrog koj tus kws kho mob poj niam (VOG) thiab nrhiav nws cov lus qhia.

Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev

  • Cov noob hlwb uas pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntawm txoj hlab ntaws yog ib qho khoom muaj nqis heev uas tuaj yeem kho tau ntau yam kab mob loj.
  • Thaum koj pub qhov no rau lub tsev txhab nyiaj hauv xeev, koj tuaj yeem pab cawm ntau tus neeg uas xav tau kev pab yam tsis tas them nqi.
  • Kev tso nyiaj rau hauv ib lub tsev txhab nyiaj ntiag tug kim heev, thiab qhov uas ib tus menyuam lossis ib tug neeg hauv tsev neeg yuav tsum tau siv nws yog qhov tsawg heev.
  • Thaum xaiv ib lub tsev txhab nyiaj ntiag tug, ua tib zoo tshawb nrhiav lawv qhov kev ntseeg siab, kev paub dhau los, thiab kev lees paub thoob ntiaj teb.
  • Ua ntej yuav txiav txim siab txog qhov no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham thiab nrhiav nws cov lus qhia tshaj lij.

Cov ntshav qaum, kev khaws cov ntshav qaum, cov noob hlwb, lub txhab ntshav, cev xeeb tub, yug menyuam, kev kho mob noob hlwb, lub txhab ntshav qaum rau pej xeem, lub txhab ntshav qaum ntiag tug
⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

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Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.

Ntxiv koj cov lus

Thov xam: 8 + 1 =