Niaj hnub no koj tus menyuam puas nqhis dej ntau dua li niaj zaus? Nws puas yuav tsum tau tso zis ntau zaus? Nws puas xav tias nws poob phaus txawm tias nws noj mov zoo? Tej zaum cov no zoo li yooj yim xwb, tab sis qee zaum lawv yog thawj cov cim qhia ntawm tus mob hu ua ntshav qab zib hom 1 rau cov menyuam yaus. Qhov no yog ib qho mob ntev uas feem ntau tshwm sim ntawm cov menyuam yaus. Yog li ntawd, ua niam txiv, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau peb kom paub txog qhov no thiab tsis txhob ntshai txog nws.
Hais yooj yim xwb, tus kab mob ntshav qab zib hom 1 hauv cov menyuam no yog dab tsi?
Kab mob ntshav qab zib hom 1 yog ib yam kab mob uas lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis ua haujlwm zoo. Yog hais yooj yim xwb, peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob (cov tub rog uas tiv thaiv peb ntawm kab mob) ua yuam kev tawm tsam thiab rhuav tshem cov hlwb tsim insulin (hu ua beta cells) hauv peb lub txiav.
Xav txog nws, insulin yog tus yuam sij uas qhib lub qhov rooj rau cov suab thaj (glucose) hauv peb cov ntshav nkag mus rau hauv lub cev cov hlwb. Yog li thaum cov hlwb tsim insulin no raug rhuav tshem, lub cev tsis tsim cov insulin uas nws xav tau. Tom qab ntawd cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav nce siab heev. Qhov no hu ua ntshav qab zib hom 1.
Muaj coob tus neeg tsis nkag siab txog hom ntshav qab zib hom 1 thiab hom ntshav qab zib hom 2. Hauv hom ntshav qab zib hom 2, lub cev tsim cov insulin, tab sis cov cell tsis teb rau nws kom zoo (kev tsis kam insulin). Txawm li cas los xij, hauv hom 1, kev tsim cov insulin nres. Yog li ntawd, tus menyuam uas muaj hom ntshav qab zib hom 1 yuav tsum tau muab cov insulin los ntawm sab nraud txhua hnub kom muaj sia nyob.
Txawm hais tias tus mob no tuaj yeem tshwm sim rau txhua lub hnub nyoog, feem ntau pom nws nyob ib puag ncig hnub nyoog 5 xyoos lossis thaum lub sijhawm hluas (10-14 xyoos).
Vim li cas cov menyuam yaus thiaj li muaj tus mob no?
Tsis muaj ib qho laj thawj tseeb rau qhov no, tab sis cov kws kho mob ntseeg tias nws feem ntau yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ob yam tseem ceeb:
1. Kev Mob Los Ntawm Genetic: Ib txhia menyuam yaus muaj kev mob los ntawm genetic uas yuav ua rau muaj cov kab mob autoimmune. Tshwj xeeb, kev hloov pauv ntawm cov gene system hu ua "(HLA)" tau pom tias muaj feem cuam tshuam rau qhov no.
2. Tej Yam Uas Ua Rau Mob: Tus kab mob no tsis yog tsuas yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev xeeb tub xwb. Tej yam no yuav tsum tau ua rau mob los ntawm tej yam uas ua rau mob. Ib txhia ntawm cov yam no suav nrog:
- Qee cov tshuaj uas leej niam raug ua ntej tus menyuam yug los.
- Qee cov kab mob viral uas ib tug me nyuam yuav kis tau thaum yau.
- Tus menyuam txoj kev noj haus.
- Lub zej zog ntawm cov kab mob zoo hauv lub cev ('microbiome').
Vim li no, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yuav tsis meej pem thiab pib tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ('autoantibodies') tawm tsam cov hlwb uas tsim insulin. Raws li lub sijhawm dhau mus, thaum cov hlwb no raug rhuav tshem tag, cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob ntshav qab zib pib tshwm sim.
Yuav paub nws li cas? - Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb thiab xwm txheej ceev
Saib xyuas cov tsos mob no hauv koj tus menyuam. Lawv tuaj yeem maj mam zuj zus tuaj rau hnub, lub lis piam, lossis lub hlis.
| Cov tsos mob | Kev piav qhia |
|---|---|
| nqhis dej ntau dhau | Lub siab xav haus dej ntau dua li niaj zaus. |
| Pee ntau heev | Txawm tias yog ib tug me nyuam uas tau kawm siv chav dej lawm los kuj tuaj yeem pib ntub lub txaj thaum hmo ntuj. Cov ntaub so ntswg me me ntawm cov menyuam mos yuav puv sai sai. |
| Txawm tias noj zaub mov zoo los poob phaus | Txawm tias noj zaub mov zoo los kuj poob phaus yam tsis muaj laj thawj. |
| Kev tshaib plab ntau dhau | Thov zaub mov ntau zaus dua li niaj zaus, hais tias tshaib plab. |
| Kev qaug zog | Tus me nyuam pheej tsaug zog thiab tsis muaj sia nyob. |
| Pom kev tsis meej | Tus me nyuam yuav qhia tau rau koj txog tej kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov muag pom kev. |
| Kev kub ntxhov uas yuav tsum tau kho tam sim ntawd: DKA (Diabetic Ketoacidosis) | |
| Ua pa tsw qab txiv hmab txiv ntoo | Ua pa tsw ntxhiab zoo li txiv hmab txiv ntoo, cawv txiv hmab, lossis tshuaj ntxuav tes. |
| Ntuav thiab mob plab | ntuav ntau zaus thiab mob plab heev. |
| Ua pa sai | Ua pa sai dua. |
| Kev tsis meej pem thiab kev tsaug zog | Tus me nyuam tus cwj pwm hloov pauv, tsis meej pem, tsaug zog ntau dhau, lossis tsis nco qab. |
Tseem ceeb heev: DKA ('Diabetic Ketoacidosis') yog ib qho xwm txheej ceev uas ua rau tuag taus. Yog tias koj tus menyuam muaj ib qho ntawm cov tsos mob DKA saum toj no, coj lawv mus rau Chav Kho Mob Ceev (ETU) ze tshaj plaws tam sim ntawd.
Tus kws kho mob yuav ua li cas thiaj paub tseeb qhov no?
Thaum koj coj koj tus menyuam mus ntsib kws kho mob, lawv yuav ua ob peb qhov kev kuaj ntshav yooj yim kom paub tseeb tias koj muaj ntshav qab zib.
- Kev Ntsuas Ntshav Qab Zib: Cov ntshav qab zib raug ntsuas thaum yoo mov lossis txhua lub sijhawm (random).
- Kev Ntsuas A1c: Qhov kev ntsuas no tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav ntawm tus menyuam hauv peb lub hlis dhau los.
- Kev Kuaj Mob Antibody: Thaum paub tseeb tias muaj tus kab mob lawm, cov ntshav yuav raug kuaj seb puas muaj cov tshuaj antibody ('autoantibodies') tawm tsam cov hlwb tsim insulin kom paub tseeb tias nws puas yog ntshav qab zib hom 1.
- Qib C-peptide: Qhov kev kuaj no pab txiav txim siab seb lub cev tsim cov insulin ntau npaum li cas. Hauv cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib hom 1, qib no qis heev.
Yuav kho nws li cas? - Yuav ua li cas tswj qhov no
Kab mob ntshav qab zib hom 1 kho tsis tau. Tab sis yog tias koj tswj tau zoo, koj tus menyuam yuav muaj lub neej noj qab nyob zoo thiab nquag. Koj tus kws kho mob feem ntau yuav xa koj tus menyuam mus rau tus kws kho mob uas tshwj xeeb hauv kev kho mob ntshav qab zib (tus kws kho mob endocrinologist rau menyuam yaus). Muaj peb yam tseem ceeb rau kev tswj hwm.
1. Tshawb xyuas cov ntshav qab zib tsis tu ncua (Kev soj ntsuam ntshav qab zib)
Yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas tus menyuam cov ntshav qab zib ntau zaus hauv ib hnub siv lub tshuab ntsuas ntshav qab zib. Cov khoom siv tshiab, hu ua Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM), kuj tseem tuaj yeem saib xyuas cov ntshav qab zib tas li los ntawm lub sensor me me uas muab tso rau hauv qab daim tawv nqaij.
2. Kev txhaj tshuaj insulin
Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev tswj hwm. Koj tus menyuam yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj insulin txhua hnub, ntau zaus hauv ib hnub. Qee zaum yuav siv lub twj insulin. Qhov ntau npaum li cas ntawm insulin uas yuav muab yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb koj tus menyuam noj dab tsi, lawv ua si ntau npaum li cas, thiab lub sijhawm ntawm ib hnub. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav piav qhia qhov no rau koj.
3. Kev suav cov Carbohydrate thiab kev noj zaub mov
Koj yuav tsum kawm xam seb koj tus menyuam noj zaub mov muaj pes tsawg carbohydrates thiab txiav txim siab seb yuav tsum txhaj tshuaj insulin li cas. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nrhiav kev pab los ntawm tus kws noj zaub mov kom pab tau koj. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm no yog kom koj noj zaub mov kom zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig.
Peb yuav pab ib tug me nyuam uas muaj ntshav qab zib li cas?
Qhov no yog ib qho kev cov nyom rau ob leeg niam txiv thiab tus menyuam. Tab sis koj txoj kev txhawb nqa thiab tus cwj pwm zoo yog lub zog loj rau tus menyuam.
- Nyob twj ywm zoo: Feem ntau cov neeg uas muaj tus kab mob ntshav qab zib hom 1 ua neej nquag thiab noj qab nyob zoo, yog li ntawd tsis txhob ntshai.
- Tsis txhob liam koj tus menyuam: Qee zaum, txawm tias koj ua txhua yam kom raug los xij, koj cov ntshav qab zib tseem tuaj yeem nce thiab nqis. Tsis txhob cem koj tus menyuam, tsom mus rau yam uas yuav tsum tau ua rau lub sijhawm ntawd.
- Ua kom koj tus menyuam muaj kev ywj pheej: Maj mam qhia koj tus menyuam kom tswj tau lawv tus mob. Xyaum kuaj xyuas lawv cov ntshav qab zib thiab xam cov tshuaj insulin ntawm lawv tus kheej.
- Qhia rau lwm tus: Qhia rau tsev neeg, cov xib fwb, thiab cov phooj ywg ntawm tus menyuam txog qhov xwm txheej. Piav qhia rau lawv paub tias yuav ua li cas thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev.
- Npaj rau tej xwm txheej ceev: Cov ntshav qab zib qis heev (hypoglycemia) yog ib qho xwm txheej ceev. Khaws ib yam dab tsi zoo li koob tshuaj glucagon kom muab tau yog tias muaj xwm txheej ceev. Nug koj tus kws kho mob txog qhov no.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev
- Kab mob ntshav qab zib hom 1 tsis yog ib yam dab tsi uas yog los ntawm tus menyuam ua txhaum. Nws yog ib yam kab mob autoimmune uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
- Qhov no yog ib qho mob uas yuav kho tau mus ib txhis, tab sis nws tuaj yeem tswj tau zoo heev nrog kev kho mob insulin, kev noj zaub mov kom zoo, thiab kev saib xyuas cov ntshav qab zib.
- Yog tias koj tus menyuam muaj cov tsos mob xws li nqhis dej ntau dhau, tso zis ntau zaus, lossis poob phaus txawm tias noj mov zoo los xij, mus ntsib kws kho mob yam tsis muaj kev ncua.
- Ua pa tsw qab zoo li txiv hmab txiv ntoo, ntuav, mob plab, thiab tsaug zog ntau dhau (cov tsos mob ntawm DKA) yogMuaj xwm txheej ceev uas yuav tsum tau mus pw hauv tsev kho mob tam sim ntawd.
- Yog tias muaj kev txhawb nqa thiab kev kawm zoo, ib tug menyuam uas muaj tus kab mob ntshav qab zib hom 1 tuaj yeem ua neej zoo siab, noj qab nyob zoo, thiab vam meej.
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Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.
Ntxiv koj cov lus