Peb puas yuav tham txog cov teeb meem ntawm lub hlwb thiab tus txha caj qaum (NTDs) uas cuam tshuam rau lub hlwb thiab tus txha caj qaum ntawm tus menyuam uas loj hlob hauv plab?

Txawm koj yuav yug me nyuam los yog twb tau txais xov xwm zoo lawm, tej zaum koj yuav xav paub ntau yam txog tus me nyuam hauv koj lub tsev menyuam. Yuav muaj txiaj ntsig npaum li cas yog tias koj paub me ntsis txog kev noj qab haus huv ntawm koj tus menyuam? Yog vim li ntawd, hnub no peb yuav tham txog qee yam uas qee zaum tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum cev xeeb tub, tab sis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau yog tias koj paub txog nws ua ntej. Qhov ntawd yog neural tube defects , lossis raws li cov kws kho mob hu ua "Neural Tube Defects - NTDs". Tsis txhob txhawj, peb yuav tham txog qhov no yooj yim, hauv txoj kev uas koj tuaj yeem nkag siab.

Cov teeb meem ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv lub hlwb (NTDs) yog dab tsi? Hais yooj yim xwb...

Hais yooj yim xwb, cov kab mob NTDs yog ib hom mob uas muaj txij thaum yug los . Yog li ntawd, lawv yog cov mob uas tshwm sim thaum tus menyuam tseem nyob hauv plab. Lawv feem ntau cuam tshuam rau tus menyuam lub hlwb, tus txha caj qaum, lossis tus txha caj qaum (lub paj hlwb uas khiav hla tus txha caj qaum). Nco ntsoov, cov teeb meem no feem ntau tshwm sim ua ntej koj paub tias koj cev xeeb tub, feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv thawj lub hlis ntawm kev cev xeeb tub.

Qhov no yog qhov feem ntau tshwm sim. Thaum tus menyuam pib loj hlob hauv plab, ob sab ntawm tus menyuam lub pob txha caj qaum sib koom ua ke, tsim cov qauv zoo li lub raj. Qhov no yog qhov peb hu ua lub raj neural . Lub raj neural no yog qhov uas tom qab ntawd yuav loj hlob mus rau hauv lub hlwb thiab tus txha caj qaum ntawm tus menyuam. Yog li, yog tias lub raj neural no tsis kaw kom zoo, yog tias muaj qhov sib txawv me me lossis qhov tsis txaus nyob qhov twg, ces qhov mob no hu ua NTD tshwm sim. Nws zoo li thaum koj ua lub ru tsev, yog tias muaj qhov sib txawv nyob qhov twg, dej ntws los ntawm lub ru tsev.

Cov hom kab mob NTD tseem ceeb yog dab tsi?

Muaj ntau hom kab mob neural tube defects (NTDs) tseem ceeb. Cia peb saib txhua hom ua ke:

1. Kab mob Spina Bifida

Qhov no yog hom kab mob NTD uas feem ntau pom . Spina Bifida yog ib qho mob uas lub raj neural tube tsis kaw tag nrho ntawm qee qhov ntawm tus txha nqaj qaum thaum lub sijhawm cev xeeb tub. Dua li no, muaj ntau hom kab mob me me:

• Myelomeningocele (Qhib Spina Bifida):

Xav txog seb, thaum qee tus menyuam yug los, koj tuaj yeem pom ib lub hnab puv nrog dej tawm ntawm sab nraub qaum ntawm lawv tus txha nqaj qaum. Qhov no hu ua '(Myelomeningocele).' Sab hauv lub hnab tej zaum yuav yog ib feem ntawm tus menyuam lub hlwb txha nqaj qaum, cov ntaub so ntswg uas npog nws '(Meninges), cov hlab ntsha, thiab txawm tias cov kua dej uas nyob ib puag ncig lub hlwb '(Cerebrospinal Fluid - CSF)'. Qhov no yog hom mob '(Spina Bifida)' hnyav tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau .

• Meningocele:

Hauv qhov no, tej zaum yuav muaj ib lub hnab dej puv nkaus tawm hauv tus menyuam nraub qaum. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv qhov no, tus menyuam lub caj qaum tsis raug puas tsuaj, txhais tau tias tus caj qaum tsis nyob hauv lub hnab.

• Kab mob Spina Bifida Occulta:

Qhov no yog hom mob "(Spina Bifida)" uas tsis hnyav tshaj plaws. Hauv qhov no, muaj ib qho me me ntawm tus menyuam lub pob txha caj qaum, tab sis tsis muaj lub hnab pom. Tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsha lossis cov hlab ntsha. Feem ntau, qhov no tsis ua rau muaj teeb meem dab tsi. Qee zaum, koj yuav tsis paub tias koj muaj nws mus tas koj lub neej.

2. Kab mob hlwb tsis ua haujlwm

Qhov no yog ib qho mob hnyav heev. Anencephaly yog ib qho mob uas sab saud ntawm lub raj neural, qhov chaw uas lub hlwb loj hlob, tsis kaw kom zoo thaum lub sijhawm cev xeeb tub. Yog li ntawd, tus menyuam lub taub hau, daim tawv nqaij, thiab lub hlwb tsis loj hlob kom zoo. Qee qhov ntawm lub hlwb thiab pob txha taub hau yuav ploj tag. Cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub hlwb uas tseem tab tom loj hlob feem ntau raug nthuav tawm vim tsis muaj daim tawv nqaij lossis pob txha los npog nws. Tu siab, cov menyuam mos uas muaj tus mob no feem ntau yug los tuag lossis tuag tom qab yug los.

3. Kab mob hauv hlwb

Qhov no tshwm sim thaum lub raj xa dej ntawm lub hlwb tsis kaw zoo ze ntawm lub hlwb, ua rau muaj qhov qhib hauv lub taub hau. Lub hlwb ntawm tus menyuam thiab cov ntaub so ntswg uas npog lub hlwb (meninges) tuaj yeem tawm los ntawm qhov qhib no, ua rau muaj lub hnab tawm zoo li lub hnab. Qee zaum, tej zaum yuav muaj qhov qhib me me hauv lub qhov ntswg lossis hauv pliaj, uas tsis pom tseeb heev.

4. Iniencephaly

Qhov no kuj yog ib qho mob hnyav thiab tsis tshua muaj. Nws ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm tus txha nraub qaum. Feem ntau, lub caj dab tsis muaj kiag li, thiab lub taub hau yuav khoov rov qab deb heev uas tus menyuam lub ntsej muag yuav txuas rau lub hauv siab thiab daim tawv nqaij ntawm sab nraub qaum ntawm lub pob txha taub hau yuav txuas nrog. Cov menyuam mos uas muaj mob no feem ntau yug los tuag.

Cov kab mob (NTDs) no cuam tshuam rau leej twg? ​​​​Cov kab mob no feem ntau tshwm sim li cas?

Cov kab mob NTDs yog cov mob uas tshwm sim thaum yug los, txhais tau tias lawv cuam tshuam rau tus menyuam uas tseem tab tom loj hlob . Lawv kuj tshwm sim hauv thawj lub hlis ntawm kev cev xeeb tub.

Txawm hais tias cov kab mob NTD tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv qee lub tebchaws, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum paub txog lawv. Piv txwv li, hauv Tebchaws Meskas, qhov mob no pom muaj li ntawm 3,000 tus cev xeeb tub hauv ib xyoos. Ntawm lawv, Spina Bifida thiab Anencephaly yog qhov feem ntau. Txawm hais tias nws nyuaj rau nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv tseeb hauv Sri Lanka, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov mob no tuaj yeem tshwm sim rau txhua tus neeg.

Vim li cas cov teeb meem ntawm lub hlab ntsha hauv lub hlwb (NTDs) no thiaj tshwm sim?

Qhov tseeb, cov kws kho mob thiab cov kws tshawb fawb tseem tsis tau hais meej tias qhov ua rau muaj cov kab mob NTD no yog dab tsi. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv ntseeg tias nws yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm caj ces, kev noj haus, thiab ib puag ncig .

Tau pom tias qhov ua rau qhov no yog vim muaj cov folic acid tsawg hauv lub cev ntawm leej niam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ua ntej cev xeeb tub thiab thaum ntxov ntawm cev xeeb tub . Folic acid lossis folate yog cov khoom noj khoom haus tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob ntawm lub hlwb thiab tus txha caj qaum ntawm tus menyuam.

Cov tsos mob ntawm NTDs yog dab tsi?

Txhua hom kab mob NTD muaj nws cov tsos mob tshwj xeeb.

Rau cov menyuam mos uas muaj qee yam '(NTD')Tsis muaj tsos mob. Txawm li cas los xij, qee tus menyuam mos muaj teeb meem loj heev . Raws li tau hais ua ntej, cov menyuam mos uas muaj '(Iniencephaly)' thiab '(Anencephaly)' feem ntau tuag thaum yug los lossis tom qab yug los tsis ntev.

Cov tsos mob ntawm NTDs feem ntau muaj xws li:

• Teeb meem ntawm lub cev - piv txwv li, tuag tes tuag taw (poob ceg), tsis muaj peev xwm tswj tau cov zis thiab quav.
• Tsis pom kev (dig muag).
• Kev hnov ​​​​​​lus tsis zoo (lag ntseg).
• Kev tsis taus ntawm kev txawj ntse.
• Cov xwm txheej tsis nco qab, qee zaum txawm tias tuag.

Yog cov kws kho mob xav tias koj tus menyuam muaj "(NTD)", lawv yuav qhia koj ntxiv txog qhov no, vim tias cov mob no tuaj yeem txawv ntawm ib tus menyuam mus rau lwm tus.

Leej niam puas muaj tej yam tsos mob thaum cev xeeb tub?

Tsis yog. Txawm tias koj tus menyuam muaj "(NTD)" los xij, koj yuav tsis muaj cov tsos mob tshwj xeeb cuam tshuam nrog nws. Cov kws kho mob kuaj pom cov no los ntawm kev kuaj thaum cev xeeb tub.

Cov '(NTDs)' no raug txheeb xyuas li cas?

Feem ntau cov kws kho mob kuaj mob NTD los ntawm kev kuaj ua ntej yug menyuam thaum cev xeeb tub. Kev kuaj ultrasound tseem ceeb heev rau qhov no.

Cov kev kuaj twg siv los txheeb xyuas cov NTDs?

Cov kws kho mob siv cov kev kuaj no los kuaj NTDs ua ntej tus menyuam yug los:

• Kev Kuaj Ntshav: Thaum cev xeeb tub tau 16 txog 18 lub lim tiam, koj tus kws kho mob yuav hais kom kuaj seb puas muaj protein hu ua alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) hauv koj cov ntshav. Yog tias koj tus menyuam muaj tus kab mob NTD, cov protein no hauv cov ntshav ntawm leej niam feem ntau siab dua li qub (kwv yees li 75% - 80%). Yog tias koj cov AFP siab, koj tus kws kho mob yuav hais kom kuaj ntxiv, xws li kev ntsuas ultrasound.
• Kev Siv Ultrasound Rau Me Nyuam Mos (Ua Ntej Yug Me Nyuam): Kev siv ultrasound scan thaum cev xeeb tub yog txoj hauv kev tseeb tshaj plaws los nrhiav ntau yam NTDs. Cov kws kho mob feem ntau pom zoo kom siv scans thaum cev xeeb tub thawj peb lub hlis (lub lim tiam 11-14) thiab lub lim tiam thib ob (lub lim tiam 18-22). Cov scans no kuaj xyuas tus menyuam lub nraub qaum thiab lub taub hau kom pom tias puas muaj cov cim qhia txog NTDs.
• Kev kuaj amniocentesis: Qhov kev kuaj no tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas NTDs thiab lwm yam teeb meem thaum yug los. Nws suav nrog kev siv koob los kuaj me me ntawm cov kua amniotic uas nyob ib puag ncig tus menyuam. Qhov no feem ntau ua tiav ntawm 15 thiab 20 lub lis piam ntawm kev cev xeeb tub. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qee qhov kev pheej hmoo cuam tshuam nrog qhov kev kuaj no, yog li tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob txog nws.

Qee zaum, qee cov NTDs tuaj yeem kuaj pom tom qab tus menyuam yug los ntawm kev kuaj duab xws li MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) lossis CT (Computed Tomography) scans.

Cov kev kho mob rau NTDs yog dab tsi?

Rau cov mob xws li '(Spina Bifida)' thiab '(Encephalocele), muaj ntau txoj kev kho mob nyob ntawm seb qhov mob hnyav npaum li cas.

Tu siab kawg li, tsis muaj kev kho rau Anencephaly thiab Iniencephaly. Cov menyuam mos feem ntau tuag thaum yug los lossis tom qab yug los.

Kev Kho Mob Rau Kab Mob Spina Bifida Thiab Kab Mob Encephalocele

Kev kho mob rau ob qho mob no nyob ntawm seb qhov mob hnyav npaum li cas thiab seb tus menyuam puas muaj lwm yam teeb meem. Kev phais yog txoj kev kho mob tseem ceeb rau ob qho tib si.

Feem ntau tus kab mob encephalocele raug kho los ntawm kev phais, qhov twg ib feem ntawm lub hlwb uas tau tawm ntawm tus menyuam lub taub hau, nrog rau cov ntaub so ntswg uas nyob ib puag ncig nws, raug muab rov qab rau hauv lub taub hau, kaw qhov qhib hauv lub taub hau.

Myelomeningocele, hom kab mob spina bifida uas feem ntau pom muaj, feem ntau yog phais kho qhov qhib ntawm tus menyuam tus txha nqaj qaum. Qhov kev phais no tuaj yeem ua tau ua ntej tus menyuam yug los (phais menyuam hauv plab) lossis sai sai tom qab yug los (phais tom qab yug menyuam) .

Ob yam mob no yuav xav tau kev kho mob ntev , nyob ntawm tus menyuam tus mob. Raws li lub sijhawm dhau mus, yuav tsum tau phais ntxiv, lossis tej zaum yuav tsum tau kho cov teeb meem xws li hydrocephalus, uas yog cov kua dej ntau dhau nyob ib puag ncig lub hlwb.

Cov yam uas ua rau muaj tus kab mob NTD yog dab tsi?

Txhua tus poj niam yeej muaj peev xwm muaj menyuam nrog "(NTD)" tau. Txawm li cas los xij, qee yam tseem ceeb tuaj yeem ua rau qhov kev pheej hmoo no nce ntxiv. Cia peb saib seb lawv yog dab tsi:

• Tsis txaus Folate (folic acid): Qhov no tseem ceeb heev. Folate yog ib hom vitamin B-9. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob zoo ntawm tus menyuam. Yog tias folic acid tsis txaus ua ntej cev xeeb tub thiab hauv thawj ob peb lub hlis ntawm cev xeeb tub, muaj feem ntau dua los tsim NTD zoo li Spina Bifida.

Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj tab tom npaj yuav cev xeeb tub, lossis twb cev xeeb tub lawm, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum noj cov vitamins ua ntej yug menyuam uas koj tus kws kho mob tau sau tseg. Feem ntau nws raug pom zoo kom noj tsawg kawg 400 micrograms (mcg) ntawm folic acid txhua hnub. Nws tseem yog ib lub tswv yim zoo kom noj cov khoom noj uas muaj folate ntau (xws li spinach, pears).

• Keeb kwm tsev neeg muaj teeb meem ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv lub hlwb: Ib leej niam uas tau muaj ib tug menyuam uas muaj NTD yav dhau los muaj 2% txog 3% kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev muaj lwm tus menyuam uas muaj tib qho teeb meem. Yog tias koj xav paub ntau ntxiv txog qhov no, nws yog ib lub tswv yim zoo kom mus ntsib tus kws pab tswv yim txog caj ces.
• Qee cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev qaug dab peg: Cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm NTDs yog tias noj thaum cev xeeb tub. Yog tias koj tab tom noj tshuaj rau kev qaug dab peg, tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob ua ntej koj cev xeeb tub kom paub seb cov tshuaj yuav cuam tshuam li cas rau koj cev xeeb tub.
• Kab mob ntshav qab zib:Cov niam cev xeeb tub uas tsis tswj tau tus kab mob ntshav qab zib zoo yuav muaj feem ntau dua los yug menyuam uas muaj "(NTD)".
• Kev Rog Phem: Qhov kev pheej hmoo no kuj tseem siab dua rau cov niam uas rog dhau ua ntej cev xeeb tub.
• Kub lub cev nce ntxiv thaum cev xeeb tub thaum ntxov: Yog tias koj lub cev kub nce ntxiv (hyperthermia) thaum ntxov ntawm cev xeeb tub, txawm tias yog vim kub taub hau tas li lossis los ntawm kev siv chav sauna lossis pas dej kub, muaj kev pheej hmoo me me ntawm kev mob NTDs.
• Siv tshuaj opioid thaum cev xeeb tub thaum ntxov: Tshuaj opioid yog ib hom tshuaj loog mob uas ua rau yus quav tshuaj heev. Yog tias koj siv lawv thaum ob lub hlis thawj zaug ntawm cev xeeb tub, koj yuav muaj feem ntau dua rau tus menyuam uas muaj NTD. Yog tias koj cev xeeb tub thiab noj tshuaj uas muaj tshuaj opioid, qhia rau koj tus kws kho mob tam sim ntawd.

Ib tug menyuam mos uas muaj tus kab mob '(NTD)' puas muaj sia nyob tau?

Yog lawm, cov menyuam mos uas muaj qee qhov teeb meem ntawm lub hlab ntsha xws li '(Spina Bifida)' thiab '(Encephalocele)' tuaj yeem muaj sia nyob. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li tau hais ua ntej, cov menyuam mos uas muaj '(Anencephaly)' thiab '(Iniencephaly)' feem ntau tuag thaum yug los lossis tom qab yug los tsis ntev.

Cov menyuam mos uas muaj tus kab mob hu ua "(Spina Bifida)," tshwj xeeb tshaj yog "(Myelomeningocele)" lossis "(Encephalocele)," muaj feem yuav raug mob hlab ntsha ntau dua. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj mob xws li tuag tes tuag taw. Kev puas tsuaj ntawm hlab ntsha thiab kev poob haujlwm uas muaj thaum yug los feem ntau yog mus tas li. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ntau txoj kev kho mob uas tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ntxiv thiab teeb meem.

Ib txhia menyuam yaus uas muaj tus kab mob "Spina Bifida" tuaj yeem ciaj sia yam tsis muaj teeb meem lossis muaj teeb meem me me.

Kuv yuav saib xyuas kuv tus menyuam uas muaj tus kab mob '(NTD)' li cas?

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov qhov no: Tsis yog txhua tus menyuam mos uas muaj NTDs zoo ib yam. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov menyuam mos uas muaj Spina Bifida thiab Encephalocele raug kev cuam tshuam sib txawv. Nws tsis yooj yim sua kom paub tseeb tias koj tus menyuam yuav raug kev cuam tshuam li cas. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas koj tuaj yeem ua tau yog tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob txog koj tus menyuam tus mob thiab tau txais cov lus qhia los ntawm lawv.

Thaum koj tus menyuam loj hlob tuaj, nws yuav xav tau kev pab los ntawm ib pab kws kho mob los muab ntau yam kev kho mob uas lawv xav tau. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tawm tswv yim rau koj tus menyuam thiab xyuas kom meej tias lawv tau txais kev kho mob zoo tshaj plaws.

Thaum twg kuv yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob txog NTDs?

Yog koj tus menyuam yug los muaj tus kab mob NTD, lawv yuav tsum tau mus ntsib kws kho mob lossis pab pawg neeg kho mob tsis tu ncua kom saib xyuas lawv mus tas lawv lub neej.

Yog tias koj noj tshuaj rau tus mob qaug dab peg lossis tshuaj opioids, nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham ua ntej koj cev xeeb tub kom paub seb cov tshuaj yuav cuam tshuam li cas rau koj cev xeeb tub thiab qhov ua tau kom muaj menyuam nrog NTD.

Nws yog ib qho ib txwm muaj kev ntshai thiab xav tsis thoob thaum koj pom tias koj tus menyuam muaj "(NTD)". Tab sis nco ntsoov, koj tsis nyob ib leeg. Muaj ntau yam kev pab uas tuaj yeem pab koj thiab koj tsev neeg. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tham nrog tus kws kho mob uas paub txog "(NTDs)" kom paub seb koj tus menyuam yuav raug cuam tshuam li cas thiab yuav npaj li cas rau nws.

Thaum kawg, tej yam uas peb yuav tsum nco ntsoov (Cov Lus Coj Mus Tsev)

Vam tias qhov kev sib tham no tau muab qee qhov kev nkag siab rau koj txog "Neural Tube Defects - NTDs". Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kom paub txog cov no ua ntej.

• (NTDs) yog cov teeb meem kev loj hlob uas tshwm sim hauv lub hlwb thiab tus txha caj qaum ntawm tus menyuam thaum lub sijhawm cev xeeb tub thawj ob peb lub lis piam.
• Folic acid yog ib qho khoom noj khoom haus tseem ceeb heev rau kev tiv thaiv cov mob no. Kev noj folic acid txhua hnub txij li lub sijhawm koj npaj yuav cev xeeb tub thiab thaum thawj ob peb lub hlis ntawm cev xeeb tub tuaj yeem txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm NTDs.
• Cov kab mob NTDs tuaj yeem kuaj pom los ntawm kev siv ultrasound scans thaum cev xeeb tub.
• Txawm hais tias qee cov kab mob NTD muaj kev kho mob, xws li phais, qee cov mob hnyav tsis muaj kev kho mob.
• Yog koj muaj lus nug lossis kev txhawj xeeb txog NTDs, nco ntsoov nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham.

Peb vam tias cov ntaub ntawv no yuav pab tau koj. Thov kom koj nrhiav tau lub zog los muaj ib tug menyuam noj qab nyob zoo!

` Kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub paj hlwb (Neural Tube Defect), NTD, Spina Bifida, Anencephaly, Folic Acid, Cev xeeb tub, Kev puas tsuaj thaum yug los, Kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub paj hlwb (Neural Tube Defects)