Dak spat dɛn na yu vishɔn? Ɔltin bɔt Skɔtoma insay simpul wɔd dɛn!

Yu dɔn ɛva notis se we yu luk sɔntin, yu kin si wan smɔl blak dɔt wantɛm wantɛm, ɔ sɔntɛnde yu kin si wan smɔl ples we nɔ klia na di midul pan wetin yu de si? Sɔntɛm yu nɔ bin pe atɛnshɔn tumɔs to am. Bɔt dɛn tin ya kin bi sayn fɔ prɔblɛm wit wi yay. Na dat wi go tɔk bɔt tide, wan sik we dɛn kɔl Scotoma . Natin nɔ de fɔ fred, lɛ wi ɔndastand dis simpul wan.

Wetin na Skɔtoma? Lɛ wi fɛn ɔltin simpul wan!

Fɔ tɔk am simpul wan, skɔtoma na wan kɔndishɔn usay wi gɛt dak ples na wi nɔmal vishɔnal fil, ɔ wan pat pan wi vishɔnal fil we wi nɔ de si. Tink bɔt am lɛk wan ɔ tu lɛta dɛn we nɔ klia we yu de rid nyuspepa, ɔ wan ples we de sho se i nɔ klia we yu de wach TV. Na dat i bi. Bɔrku tɛm, dis kin apun na wan yay, bɔt sɔmtɛm i kin apun na ɔl tu yay.

Dis na di Grik wɔd fɔ ‘daknɛs’. so, wetin de apin insay dis na dat di nεv dεm na di pat pan wi yay we dεn kכl `rεtina` , כ di `optik nεv` we de kכri mεsej frכm de to di bren, nכ de wok fayn fayn wan. Dɔn di mɛsej dɛn we de kɔmɔt na da pat de to di bren nɔ de go, so wi nɔ de si da pat de, lɛk blak ples. Sɔntɛnde dis kin bi fɔ sɔm tɛm, sɔmtɛm i kin bi fɔ ɔltɛm. Dis kכndyushכn kin apun wit sik dεm wae de afekt di optik nεv כ sכm pat dεm na di bren.

Aw wi de si tin? Mek wi ɔndastand smɔl.

Fɔ ɔndastand skɔtoma, i bɛtɛ fɔ jɔs ɔndastand aw wi de si tin. Imajin se yu de luk wan fayn fayn flawa.

1. Di layt de kɔmɔt frɔm da flawa de ɛn i de rich na yu yay.

2. We layt kam insay di yay, i kin fɔdɔm pan wan pat we tan lɛk skrin na di bak pat na di yay we dɛn kɔl di retina . Di retina gɛt bɔku bɔku sɛl dɛn we de fil di layt.

3. Dɛn sɛl ya kin chenj layt to ilɛktrik signal, jɔs lɛk di sɛns we de na kamɛra.

4. Dɔn, wan spɛshal nɛv we dɛn kɔl di optik nɛv kin kɛr dɛn ilɛktrik signal ya go na di bren.

5. Na di bren de analayz dis signal dem en mek yu andastan se, "Oh, dis na fayn fayn red flawa."

Yu ɔndastand naw? So, if ɛni bad tin ɔ damej de na di retina, di optik nɛv, ɔ di pat dɛn na di bren we gɛt fɔ du wit di we aw pɔsin de si, da mɛsej de nɔ de travul fayn. Na da tɛm de prɔblɛm dɛn we kin apin we pɔsin de si tin lɛk skɔtoma kin apin.

Yu tink se difrɛn kayn skɔtoma dɛn de?

Yɛs, difrɛn kayn skɔtoma dɛn de. Sɔm pipul dɛn kin kɔl dɛn bak ``scotomata`` (we min se i pas wan). dis klasification de bays pan usay di dak spat de apia, כ sכmtεm bay di kכla we yu si (e.g. ``xanthic scotoma`` - we yu si yכlכ spat).

mεnli, ‘positiv’ skotoma εn ‘nεgεtiv’ skotomaTu kayn glaukoma de. Insay ‘positiv’ yu kin rili si sɔntin, lɛk blak spat, lɛk kɔlɔ. Bɔt insay ‘negativ’ yu nɔ ivin no se yu gɛt da dak ples de. Na we dɔktɔ chɛk yu yay nɔmɔ dɛn kin no. i imכtant bak fכ no if i de na wan yay (`yunilateral` כ `monocular`) כ na di tu yay dεm (`bilateral` כ `binocular`).

Na sɔm pan di men kayn dɛn ya:

1. Sɛntral Skɔtoma

Wetin kin apin pan dis kes na dat di dak ples, ɔ blɔk, de rayt na di midul pan wetin yu de luk. Fɔ sɔm pipul dɛn, i kin tan lɛk blak ples we stret. Fɔ ɔda pipul dɛn, i kin tan lɛk se yu kin si am we yu luk stret bifo, bɔt di midul nɔ klia, i kin tan lɛk se i nɔ klia. Imajin se we yu luk pɔsin in fes, na di rayt say na in nos nɔmɔ yu go si. Dɛn kɔl dis `Sɛntral Skɔtoma`.

2. Skɔtoma we de shayn

Dis wan difrɛn smɔl. I tan lɛk wan patɛn we twist, wev, ɛn we de shayn. Sɔntɛnde, i kin kɔmɔt na layt to dak, dɔn i kin go bak to layt bak. Dis kin apin bikɔs di ilɛktrik signal dɛn na di bren nɔ fayn fɔ sɔm tɛm. If yu gɛt maygren wit aura , yu kin dɔn gɛt sɔntin we dɛn kɔl `scintillating scotoma.' Dɛn tin ya nɔ kin las fɔ lɔng tɛm ɛn dɛn kin go afta sɔm tɛm. Sɔm pipul dɛn kin si dɛn kayn tin ya we de shayn bifo dɛn gɛt maygren ed we de at.

3. Parasɛntral Skɔtoma

If na so i bi, di dak ples nɔ de jɔs midul wetin yu de luk, bɔt i de smɔl na di sayd . Dɔktɔ dɛn se i de insay 10 digri frɔm di say we yu de luk. Sɔntɛnde i kin pas wan `Paracentral Scotoma` lɛk dis.

4. Jɔnkshɔn Skɔtoma

dis kin apin we damej de pan di εria we wi optik nεv (`optik nεv`) εn di optik chiasm (`optik chiasm`) kכnekt. dis `optic chiasm` na wan εria we shep lεk 'X' nia di bεs pan di bren, usay di optik nεv de go insay di bren. dis na di say we sכm pan di fayv dεm we de kכmכt frכm di optik nεv dεm na di yay dεm de chenj. So if damej de ya, wan patikyula kayn we aw pɔsin nɔ de si fayn kin apin.

Naw yu gɛt rough aidia bɔt dɛn kayn ya? Mɛmba se na dɔktɔ dɛn nɔmɔ go ebul fɔ no dɛn tin ya kɔrɛkt wan.

Dis skotoma kin apin to ɔlman?

Infakt, wi ɔl gɛt wan nɔmal blaynd ples na wi yay . na di say we di optik nεv de go tru di rεtina to di bren. No sɛl nɔ de we de mek layt de na da say de. Bɔt wi nɔ kin notis am ɔltɛm. Yu no wetin? Wi bren rili kleva , i de ful-ɔp da gap de ɛn gi wi wan kɔmplit pikchɔ. Ɛn i balans bay di vishɔn frɔm di ɔda yay.

Bɔt di skɔtoma we wi de tɔk bɔt difrɛn frɔm di natura dak ples, ɛn na wan patikyula mɛrɛsin kin kam. So nɔto fɔ ɔlman, i kin apin fɔ sɔm rizin dɛn.

If yu gɛt skɔtoma, us sayn dɛn yu go gɛt?

Di sayn dɛm fɔ skɔtoma kin difrɛn frɔm wan pɔrsin to ɔda pɔrsin, ɛn kin difrɛn bak fɔ di kayn. Na sɔm kɔmɔn sayn dɛn ya:

• I tan lɛk se wan pat pan di pikchɔ we yu de luk dɔn blok ɔ distɔrj am. I kin tan lɛk blak ples, grey ples, ɔ blank ples.
• Nɔ ebul fɔ no difrɛns bitwin sɔm kɔlɔ dɛn. Fɔ ɛgzampul, rɛd kin tan lɛk brawn.
• Nid layt we rili brayt fɔ si fayn. Fɔ fil da vishɔn de kin wɔs pasmak na say dɛn we dak.
• Sɔntɛnde yu kin si smɔl smɔl tin dɛn we de flɔt bifo yu yay (`ay floaters`) ɔ si layt we de flash.

Impɔtant: If yu gɛt wan ɔ mɔ pan dɛn sik ya, nɔ ignore dɛn. I bɛtɛ fɔ go to ay dɔktɔ wantɛm wantɛm ɛn mek dɛn chɛk dɛn, bikɔs dɛn tin ya kin bi fɔs sayn fɔ se yu gɛt mɔ siriɔs sik.

Wetin kin mek pɔsin gɛt skɔtoma?

Nɔto wan tin de we kin mek pɔsin gɛt skɔtoma, bɔt bɔku. Dɛn tin ya kin bi mɔ prɔblɛm wit yu retina, bren, ɔ optik nɛv. Na sɔm pan di men tin dɛn we kin mek i apin:

• Kansa : Kansa na di bren ɔ di yay.
• Multiple Sclerosis (MS) : Dis na sik wae de afekt di nervous system.
• Damej to di retina : Fɔ ɛgzampul, injuri we pɔsin kin gɛt we sɔntin hit di yay, ɔ we di retina bɔn.
• Glaucoma : Dis na we di prɛshɔn we de insay di yay de go ɔp ɛn pwɛl di optik nɛv.
• Strɔk : Di damej pan di bren sɛl dɛn bikɔs di blɔd nɔ de flɔ to di bren.
• Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) : Dis na wan kכndyushכn we di sεntri vishכn na di yay de pwεl.
• Dayabitis : Dayabitis kin pwɛl di blɔd vesel dɛm na di yay.
• Di sayd ɛfɛkt dɛn we sɔm mɛrɛsin dɛn kin gɛt .

Naw lɛ wi si wetin na di patikyula tin dɛn we kin mek pɔsin gɛt di kayn skɔtoma we wi tɔk bɔt.

Di tin dɛn we kin mek pɔsin gɛt Sɛntral Skɔtoma

Dis kכndyushכn usai yu nכ kin si di εksakεt sεntrכm fכ wetin yu de luk kin kכz fכ:

• Dat we wi bin dɔn tɔk bɔt bifo tɛm se di sik we dɛn kɔl macular degeneration .
• Stroke , mɔ di wan dɛn we de afɛkt di pat dɛn na di bren we de kɔntrol di we aw pɔsin de si.
• Tumɔs dɛn na di bren .
• Ska dɛn we pɔsin kin gɛt we i wund in yay .
• Traumatik Bren Injuri (TBI) .

Di tin dɛn we kin mek pɔsin gɛt Junctional Scotoma

dis skotoma we de apin na di jכnkshכn fכ di optik nεv εn di optik chiasm kin kכz fכ:

• di tכmכro dεm na di pituitary gland : Dis gland de rili nia di optik chiasm.
• Ɔda kayn kansa, fɔ ɛgzampul , kraniopharyngioma .
• Aneurism na we di wכl dεm na di bכdi vεsul dεm wik εn bulge lεk balכn.
• Sɔm infɛkshɔn, fɔ ɛgzampul, sifilis ɛn TB .
• di kכndishכn dεm we de mek di maylin, lεk mכltipכl sklerכsis, de pwεl di maylin sεt we de rawnd di nεv dεm.

Di tin dɛn we kin mek pɔsin gɛt Paracentral Scotoma

Dɛn dak dak spat ya we de sho smɔl na di sayd na di sɛntrɔm fɔ si kin bi bikɔs ɔf:

• Glaucoma : Sɔntɛnde, arcuate paracentral scotoma kin apin.
• Retinopathy we gɛt fɔ du wit dayabitis .
• di rεtina tεr εn di rεtina dεtachmεnt .

Di tin dɛn we kin mek pɔsin gɛt Scintillating Scotoma

Skɔtoma, we kin tan lɛk shayn, wev pat, kin kam bikɔs ɔf:

• Maygren ed pen , dat na, ed pen we kin kam wit ɔ atɔl ‘aura’.
• Ay blɔd prɛshɔn (Hay blɔd prɛshɔn - Ay blɔd prɛshɔn) .
• Di chenj dɛn we de apin na di ɔmon lɛvɛl .
• sכm prכblεm dεm wit di bכdi we de kכlכt (`Coagulation disorders`).
• Retinitis Pigmentosa : Dis na grup fɔ sik dɛn we kin afɛkt di retina, we kin mek i nɔ de si smɔl smɔl.
• Retinopathy we gɛt fɔ du wit kansa .

Imajin aw dɛn tin ya we kin mek pɔsin gɛt difrɛn difrɛn tin dɛn kin apin. Na dat mek i impɔtant fɔ go to dɔktɔ if yu notis ivin smɔl chenj na yu yay.

Aw di dɔktɔ kin no se pɔsin gɛt skɔtoma?

If yu sɔspɛkt se yu gɛt skɔtoma, yu fɔ rili go to dɔktɔ we de mɛn yu yay. I go aks yu bɔt yu sik ɛn if ɛnibɔdi na yu famili dɔn gɛt prɔblɛm wit yu yay (mɛdikal istri). Afta dat, dɛn kin du dɛn tɛst ya:

• Kɔmplit ay ɛgzam : Dis na tɛst we nɔ de mek pɔsin fil pen. I min fɔ chɛk aw yu de si ɛn aw yu yay gɛt wɛlbɔdi bay we yu de yuz difrɛn we dɛn. Dis inklud fɔ shayn layt na yu yay ɛn alaw yu fɔ rid lɛta dɛn.
• Visual fild tɛst we dɛn kin du: Dis na smɔl spɛshal tɛst. I min fɔ kip yu yay na wan ples ɛn mɛzhɔ aw fa yu kin si rawnd yu ɛn aw yu de si tin na difrɛn pat dɛn na yu yay. Sɔntɛm yu go nid fɔ sidɔm bifo mashin we de aks yu if yu kin si smɔl layt. Dis na aw yu go ebul fɔ no ustɛm dɛn dak ples dɛn de.
• Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) : Dis na wan we bak we nɔ de mek pɔsin fil pen, we i de tek imej insay yu yay. I tan lɛk we dɛn de skan. i de tek kכros-sekshכnal imej dεm fכ di layεr dεm na di rεtina εn optik nεv. Dɛn kin yuz dis fɔ si if ɛnitin dɔn pwɛl ɔ swel.

Afta dɛn tɛst ya, if di dɔktɔ sɔspɛkt se di skɔtoma na ɔda mɛrɛsin (e.g. dayabitis, glaukoma, bren tumor), i kin se dɛn fɔ du ɔda tɛst (lɛk blɔd tɛst, MRI skan).

Aw dɛn kin trit Skɔtoma?

Fɔ trit skɔtoma rili na fɔ trit di ɔndalayn kɔndishɔn we mek i kam . Fɔ ɛgzampul, if di skɔtoma na glaukoma, dɛn kin kɔntrol am bay we dɛn de trit di glaukoma (drɔp fɔ di yay, tritmɛnt wit lɛsa, ɔ ɔpreshɔn). Semweso, pan tin dɛm lɛk macular degeneration, stroke, ɔr kansa, fɔ trit di ɔndalayn kɔndishɔn na di tin we impɔtant pas ɔl.

Bɔt sɔm skɔtoma dɛn nɔ nid spɛshal tritmɛnt . Fɔ ɛgzampul, if di scintillating scotoma we wi bin tɔk bɔt kam wit maygren, sɔntɛnde i kin go afta yu dɔn slip smɔl, rɛst, ɛn drink wata.

If yu gɛt skɔtoma lɛk dis wit maygren, yu dɔktɔ kin gi yu mɛrɛsin fɔ mek yu nɔ fil pen, spɛshal mɛrɛsin lɛk triptan , ɔ mɛrɛsin fɔ mek yu nɔ gɛt sik fɔ ɛp yu fɔ kɔntrol yu maygren.

Di tin we impɔtant pas ɔl na fɔ go to dɔktɔ, fɔ no di rayt tin we mek i sik, ɛn gɛt di rayt tritmɛnt, pas fɔ trit yusɛf.

I gɛt we fɔ mek dis skɔtoma nɔ apin?

Fɔ tɔk tru, naw, no we nɔ de fɔ mek skɔtoma nɔ apin ɔlsay na sɔm kes dɛm. Fɔ ɛgzampul, sɔm tin dɛn de we kin apin bikɔs ɔf di jɛnɛtiks.

Bɔt na di ɔda say, fɔ kɔntrol sɔm ɔndalayn kɔndishɔn dɛn kin ridyus di risk fɔ gɛt skɔtoma. Fɔ ɛgzampul:

• If yu gɛt maygren , fɔ yuz di mɛrɛsin dɛn we yu dɔktɔ gi yu fayn fayn wan ɛn fɔ ridyus di maygren kin mek bak di skɔtoma we gɛt fɔ du wit am nɔ bɔku.
• If yu gɛt dayabitis , i rili impɔtant fɔ kɔntrol yu blɔd shuga fɔ mek yu yay nɔ pwɛl bikɔs ɔf dayabitis.
• If yu gɛt ay blɔd prɛshɔn (haypa prɛshɔn) , yu nid fɔ kɔntrol dat bak.
• I rili impɔtant bak fɔ mek dɛn de chɛk yu yay ɔltɛm . Dis kin mek dɛn ebul fɔ no sik dɛn lɛk glaukoma ɛn trit dɛn kwik kwik wan.
• Fɔ fala wɛlbɔdi layf (fɔ it fayn, fɔ du ɛksɛsayz, ɛn fɔ avɔyd fɔ smok) na gud tin fɔ di ay wɛlbɔdi in jɔnaral, ɛn bak fɔ di wan ol bɔdi.

Fɔ tɔk am simpul wan, fɔ kia fɔ wi yay na di bɛst tin we wi go du.

Wetin kin apin if a gɛt skɔtoma? Wetin wi go ebul fɔ du tumara bambay?

Di tin we go apin to pɔsin we gɛt skɔtoma, if i go bɛtɛ, i go de di sem, ɔ i go wɔs , i go dipen pan di tin we mek i apin .

• Sɔm dak ples dɛn kin de fɔ shɔt tɛm. Fɔ ɛgzampul, we maygren dɔn, ɔ we blɔd prɛshɔn kam bak to nɔmal, di skɔtoma we gɛt fɔ du wit am nɔ de igen.
• Bɔt if ɔda sik kam wit skɔtoma, i nɔ kin go ɔ i kin big as tɛm de go. Fɔ ɛgzampul, skɔtoma we kin kam bikɔs ɔf glaukoma ɔ macular degeneration we dɛn nɔ trit kin big smɔl smɔl.

If yu gɛt skɔtoma, mɔ di sɛntral skɔtoma we wi bin tɔk bɔt, dat kin afɛkt yu ebul fɔ rid ɛn drayv . Bikɔs i at fɔ du dɛn tin dɛn de we yu nɔ ebul fɔ si di sɛntrɔm pan sɔntin.

If na so, yu kin tɔk to yu dɔktɔ bɔt tin dɛn we de ɛp yu fɔ si . Dɛn tin ya na:

• Layt we di rayt we
• Magnifiers fɔ rid
• Ikwipmɛnt we go ebul fɔ rid to yu

Tin dɛn lɛk dis kin ɛp yu fɔ du di wok dɛn we yu de du ɛvride.

Ustɛm a fɔ go to dɔktɔ if a gɛt skɔtoma? Wetin na di imejensi dɛn?

If yu notis ɛni chenj na yu yay ɔr yu sik dɛn de wɔs , go to dɔktɔ wantɛm wantɛm. Nɔ delay.

Bɔt if dɛn sik ya apin wantɛm wantɛm wit skɔtoma, dɛn kin bi imejensi. Kɔl 911 wantɛm wantɛm, ɔ go na di ɔspitul imejensi rum we de nia yu:

• Wan bad bad ed we kin bigin wantɛm wantɛm.
• Prɔblɛm dɛn we pɔsin kin gɛt we i de tɔk.
• Yu an ɛn yu fut ɔ yu fes nɔ de swɛla.
• Vɔmit.
• Layt we de flash ɛn flot bifo di yay, wit dak shado ɔ blak ples. dis na sayn dεm fכ di rεtina dεtachmεnt.Di sayn dɛm kin bi: If yu rεtina rɔtin ɔr detachment nɔr kin fil pen, bɔt na imejensi we nid fɔ gɛt tritmɛnt kwik kwik wan!

Mɛmba se if yu nɔ pe atɛnshɔn to dɛn bad bad sayn ya, dat kin mek yu si yu yay ɔltɛm ɔ ɔda siriɔs wɛlbɔdi prɔblɛm, so i impɔtant fɔ tek akshɔn kwik kwik wan.

Fɔ dɔn, tin dɛn fɔ mɛmba (Take-Home Message) .

Di wɔd ‘skɔtoma’ nɔ kin no yu lɛk di wɔd ‘blaynd ples’, bɔt dɛn ɔl tu min di sem tin. Skɔtoma kin bi vishɔn we yu de si we yu nɔ de si, ɔ i kin bi we yu nɔ de si fayn we yu want fɔ si sɔntin. Sɔm pipul dɛn we gɛt skɔtoma nɔ kin ivin no se dɛn gɛt am.

Jɔs lɛk ɛni ɔda sik, i impɔtant fɔ tɔk to yu dɔktɔ if yu notis ɛni chenj na yu yay . Sɔmtɛm dis kin bi smɔl tin, bɔt sɔmtɛm i kin bi sayn fɔ sɔmtin we siriɔs pasmak.

If yu gɛt wan sik wae de mek yu gɛt bɔrku prɔblɛm wit yu yay, tɔk to yu dɔktɔ bɔt tin dɛm wae kin ɛp yu (e.g., sɔpɔt grup dɛm, ɛp fɔ si smɔl). Yu yay na valyu tin, so na yu wok fɔ kia fɔ dɛn. Dɔn gɛt am? Nɔ wɔri, yu kin tɔk bɔt ɛnitin wit yu dɔktɔ ɛn yu kin fɛn sɔlv.

` Skotoma, dak spat, vishɔn, yay sik, retina, optik nɛv, glaukoma, maygren, ay ɛgzamin