Yu dɔn yɛri di wɔd ‘ Stem Cells ’ bifo? Sɔntɛm yu yɛri bɔt am frɔm dɔktɔ, na TV sho, ɔ na nyuspepa atikul. Pan ɔl we dis kin tan lɛk tɔpik we nɔ izi fɔ tɔk bɔt, fɔ tru, dɛn stem sɛl ya na wan pan di tin dɛn we rili wɔndaful na wi bɔdi. Tide, wi go tɔk bɔt dis insay wan rili simpul we, insay wan we we yu go ɔndastand.
Fɔ tɔk am simpul wan, wetin na dɛn stem sɛl dɛn ya?
Imajin se yu gɛt wan bɔnch Lego pies dɛn we gɛt di sem kayn. Yu kin yuz dɛn Lego pis dɛn de fɔ bil os, motoka, ship, ɛnitin we yu want. Stem sɛl dɛn tan lɛk dat.
stεm sεl dεm na wan kayn "bεsik" כ "masta" sεl na wi bכdi we gεt di pכtεnshal fכ bi eni כda tכp spεshal sεl.
Fɔ ɛgzampul, wan stem sɛl kin divɛlɔp to skin sɛl, bren sɛl ( nerve cell), at mɔsul sɛl, bon sɛl, ɔ blɔd sɛl. Dɔn bak, dɛn sɛl ya kin mek mɔ stem sɛl dɛn, dat min se dɛn kin sheb ɛn mek sɛl dɛn lɛk dɛnsɛf bak ɛn bak. Dis wɔndaful abiliti na di rizin we mek dɛn dɔn gɛt big impɔtants pan mɛrɛsin.
So, wetin mek dɛn stem sɛl ya impɔtant so?
Dɛn sɛl ya rili impɔtant we dɛn go du risach bɔt di mɛrɛsin tumara bambay bikɔs dɛn ebul fɔ du am. Dɛn impɔtant fɔ tri men rizin dɛn.
1. Cell-based therapies: Imajin se pɔsin dɔn gɛt at atak ɛn wan pat pan in at dɔn day ɛn wik. Sayɛnsman dɛn biliv se tumara bambay, dɛn go ebul fɔ yuz stem sɛl dɛn fɔ mek nyu at sɛl dɛn we gɛt wɛlbɔdi ɛn transplant dɛn na di say we dɔn pwɛl fɔ mek di at kam bak . Dis na wetin wi kɔl rijeneretiv mɛrɛsin . Dɛn dɔn ɔlrɛdi de yuz dis we fɔ sɔm blɔd sik ɛn kansa dɛn fayn fayn wan .
2. Fɔ ɔndastand aw sik dɛn kin apin:Sayɛnsman dɛn kin wach wan stem sɛl, fɔ ɛgzampul, we i de divɛlɔp to nɛv sɛl na lab. Dis kin mek dɛn ebul fɔ stɔdi gud gud wan wetin kin apin to di nerve cells na sik dɛn lɛk Parkinson’s disease ɔ Alzheimer’s disease . If yu ɔndastand gud gud wan aw wan sik kin kam, dat kin ɛp fɔ fɛn tritmɛnt.
3. Fɔ tɛst nyu mɛrɛsin: Bifo dɛn gi pipul dɛn nyu mɛrɛsin ɛn tɛst am, i nid fɔ no if i sef ɛn i go wok. So, dɛn kin mek spɛshal sɛl dɛn we gɛt fɔ du wit di sik we dɛn de tɔk bɔt (fɔ ɛgzampul, pankrias sɛl dɛn fɔ dayabitis) na di lɛbɔraytri frɔm stem sɛl dɛn, ɛn dɛn kin yuz di nyu mɛrɛsin pan dɛn sɛl dɛn de ɛn dɛn kin tɛst di ifɛkt dɛn we i gɛt.
Wetin na di men kayn stεm sεl dεm?
Tu men kayn stεm sεl dεm de. Lɛ wi luk dɛn tin ya wan bay wan.
| Di kayn sɛl we dɛn kin yuz | Simpul ɛksplen |
|---|---|
| di εmbrayonik stεm sεl dεm | dis dεm de kכmכt frכm di εli stej εmbriyo dεm we dεn gi, we dεn nכ yuz afta in vitro fεtilayzεshכn (IVF). Dɛn sɛl ya gɛt di wɔndaful pawa fɔ bi ɛni kayn sɛl na di bɔdi. Dis na di rizin we mek dɛn kin kɔl dɛn bak ‘pluripotent’ . Dɛn gɛt bɔku pawa fɔ mek di tisu ɛn ɔgan dɛn we sik dɔn pwɛl. |
| Adult Stem Sɛl dɛn | Pan ɔl we dɛn gɛt dɛn nem, dɛn sɛl ya de na di bɔdi fɔ pikin dɛn, pikin dɛn, ɛn big pipul dɛn. dεn nכ kin ebul fכ du bכku bכku wan lεk di εmbrayo sεl dεm. fכ egzampl, wan big stεm sεl na di skin kin כnli mek mכr skin sεl dεm. Bɔt dɛn rili impɔtant bak. di stεm sεl dεm na di כmbilikal kכd bכdi de insay dis kכtכg bak. |
| Indyuz Pluripotεnt Sεm Sεl dεm (iPSCs) . | Dis na di las tin we sayɛns dɔn mek. naw sayɛnsman dεm kin tek wan nכmal big sεl, lεk yu skin sεl, εn mek sכm jεnεtik chenj na di lab, εn tכn am bak to ‘potentially viable’ εmbrayo stεm sεl. dis na big big bכku bכku bכku wan, biכs i de avכyd di ethical issues we de asai fכ yuz εmbriyo. |
Us tritmɛnt dɛn de du naw we dɛn de yuz dɛn stem sɛl ya?
Bɔku pipul dɛn kin tink se stem sɛl kin mɛn ɔl di sik dɛn, bɔt di rial tin difrɛn.
Di tritmɛnt we dɛn dɔn gri fɔ pas ɔl ɛn we dɔn wok fayn fayn wan na di wɔl na fɔ transplant bon mɛro . Dis involv fɔ transplant stem sɛl dɛn we de mek blɔd. Dɛn kin gɛt dɛn tin ya frɔm bon mɛro ɔ ɔmbilikal kɔd blɔd.
Dɛn kin yuz dis tritmɛnt mɔ fɔ:
- Fɔ blɔd kansa: Fɔ ɛgzampul, fɔ sik dɛn lɛk lukimia ɛn limfoma .
- Ɔda sik dɛn we kin kam wit blɔd: Sik dɛn lɛk sikɛl sɛl anemia .
- Fɔ bil bak di bon mɛrɔ we dɔn pwɛl bikɔs ɔf kansa tritmɛnt: Dɛn kin yuz dis tritmɛnt fɔ mek di bon mɛrɔ we dɔn pwɛl bak bikɔs ɔf kemotɛrapi ɔ redyushɔn.
di imכtant tin na dat mכst stεm sεl tritmεnt fכ כda sik dεm (e.g. at at, dayabitis, Parkinson) stil de na di risεch stej . So, if yu yɛri bɔt dis kayn tritmɛnt sɔmsay, i rili impɔtant fɔ tink tumɔs ɛn fɔ tru fɔ tɔk to yu dɔktɔ bifo yu disayd fɔ du sɔntin.
Ɛni prɔblɛm de wit dɛn tritmɛnt ya?
Yɛs, lɛk ɔl di mɛrɛsin dɛn, sɔm prɔblɛm dɛn de we kin mek pɔsin gɛt prɔblɛm.
- If dɛn sɛl ya gro we dɛn nɔ ebul fɔ kɔntrol, i pɔsibul fɔ mek kansa tɔŋ dɛn kam.
- di jεnεtik dεmεj kin apin na di sεl dεm we dεn gro na di labכtכri.
- sכmtεm di bכdi kin no dεn nyu sεl dεm ya we dεn transplant as "fכrin" εn rijek (attak) dεm.
- sכm risk dεm de bak we de fכ di mεtכd dεm (e.g., כpεrayshכn) we de kכlekt כ injεkt sεl dεm insay di bכdi.
Chalenj dɛn we de na stem sɛl risach
Pan ɔl we dɛn dɔn de du risach bɔt big pipul dɛn stem sɛl dɛn fɔ lɔng lɔng tɛm, na insay 1998 nɔmɔ dɛn bigin fɔ du risach bɔt di stɛm sɛl dɛn we de na di εmbrayo. So bɔku tin stil de fɔ no bɔt dɛn.
Wan pan di men prɔblɛm dɛn na di tin dɛn we gɛt fɔ du wit gud abit dɛn . difrεn opinion dεm de fכ gεt sεl frכm εmbriyo, εn sכm pipul dεn nכ gri wit dis risach.
כda chalenj na di difεlεnt fכ gro di big pipul stεm sεl dεm na di lab εn dεn ay risk fכ gεt jεnεtik dεfεkt. Wit ɔl dis, sayɛnsman dɛn stil de tray fɔ pul di sikrit dɛn fɔ dɛn wɔndaful sɛl dɛn ya.
Mɛsej we dɛn kin kɛr go na os
- stεm sεl dεm na "masta" sεl dεm we kin bi eni tכp sεl na di bכdi.
- Naw, dɛn de yuz dɛn tin ya fayn fayn wan ɛn dɛn dɔn gri fɔ mek dɛn transplant bon mɛrɔ fɔ blɔd kansa lɛk lukimiya.
- Stem sel tritmɛnt fɔ sik dɛm lɛk Pakinsin, dayabitis, ɛn at sik stil de na di risach stej ɛn dɛn nɔr de yuz am yet as rutin tritmɛnt.
- Pan ɔl we sɔm prayvet institiushɔn dɛn kin tɔk se dɛn de gi tritmɛnt dɛn we go mek dɛn du risach, dɛn nɔ go ebul fɔ no se dɛn go sef ɛn dɛn go ebul fɔ du am fayn fayn wan.
- Bifo yu disayd bɔt ɛni tritmɛnt we dɛn go gi yu stem sɛl, mek shɔ se yu tɔk to yu dɔktɔ we sabi du di wok ɛn aks fɔ di rayt advays.
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