Yu go mɔs dɔn yɛri di wɔd ‘ Stem Cells ’ sɔmsay. Sɔntɛm na fim, na nyuspepa, ɔ na intanɛt. Sɔm pipul dɛn se dis kin mɛn ɛni sik. Ɔda wan dɛn se i kin mek pɔsin fred smɔl. So wetin rili na dɛn stem sɛl dɛn ya? Yu tink se dis rili na sɔntin we go chenj di we aw mɛrɛsin go de tumara bambay? Mek wi tok abaut am ekzakli, rili simpul, tide.
Fɔ tɔk am simpul wan, wetin na dɛn stem sɛl dɛn ya?
Tink bɔt wan bɔl we dɛn mek wit kle. Wi kin mek ɛnitin wit da bɔl de we dɛn mek wit kle, lɛk dɔl, pɔt, animal. Na so stem sɛl dɛn tan. dis na di ‘masta sεl dεm’ כ ‘masta sεl dεm’ na wi bכdi. Dɛn sɛl dɛn ya gɛt tu wɔndaful tin dɛn we dɛn ebul fɔ du.
1. fכ mek mכr stεm sεl dεm (Self-renewal): wan stεm sεl kin sheb εn mek mכr stεm sεl dεm we na di sem kayn.
2. Difrɛns: Dis na di abiliti we rili wɔndaful. dis stεm sεl dεm kin tכn to εni spεshal sεl tכp we wi bכdi nid. Fɔ ɛgzampul, dɛn kin bi blɔd sɛl , bren sɛl ( nyuron ), at mɔsul sɛl, skin sɛl , bon sɛl , ɛn ɔda tin dɛn.
No ɔda sɛl nɔ de na wi bɔdi we gɛt dis abiliti. Na dat mek dɔktɔ ɛn sayɛnsman dɛn rili lɛk dɛn stem sɛl dɛn ya.
Wetin mek stem sɛl dɛn rili impɔtant?
Sayɛnsman dɛn biliv se di pawa we dɛn sɛl dɛn ya gɛt kin mek big difrɛns pan di mɛrɛsin we dɛn go gɛt tumara bambay. Dɛn impɔtant fɔ tri men rizin dɛn.
| Impɔtant tin | Simpul ɛksplen |
|---|---|
| Di tritmɛnt dɛn we dɛn kin yuz fɔ mɛn dɛnsɛf | Imajin se wan pat pan pɔsin in at gɛt sik. Aw i go fayn if wi kin yuz stem sɛl fɔ mek nyu at mɔsul sɛl dɛn ɛn transplant dɛn na di pat we gɛt sik? Dɛn kɔl dis mɛrɛsin we de mek pɔsin gɛt layf bak . I min fɔ mek ɔ fɔ mek di tisu ɔ ɔgan dɛn we dɔn pwɛl bak. |
| Fɔ ɔndastand aw sik dɛn kin apin | We wi wach aw stem sɛl de divɛlɔp to kansa sɛl ɔ ɔda sik sɛl na di lɛbɔtri, wi kin ɔndastand mɔ bɔt aw dɛn sik dɛn de kin rili apin. Dis no go rili ɛp fɔ fɛn nyu tritmɛnt. |
| Fɔ tɛst nyu drɔgs | Bifo dɛn gi pipul dɛn nyu mɛrɛsin, dɛn nid fɔ tɛst am fɔ si if i nɔ bad ɛn i go wok. dεn kin yuz stεm sεl dεm fכ gro sεl dεm we rilet to di sik (e.g., liva sεl dεm) na di labכtכri, εn dεn kin tεst di nyu dכg pan dεn sεl dεm de. Dis kin mek dɛn ɔndastand mɔ bifo dɛn tɛst pipul dɛn. |
Wetin na di men kayn stεm sεl dεm?
Wi de tɔk mɔ bɔt tu kayn stem sɛl dɛn.
1. di εmbrayonik stεm sεl dεm
dis na di ‘super’ sel dεm we kin du כltin. As di nem sho, dεn kin gεt dεm frכm εmbriyo dεm. spεshal wan, dεn kin gεt dεm fכ risεch frכm εmbriyo dεm we dεn nכ de yuz afta in vitro fεtilayzεshכn ( IVF ) εn dεn kin yuz dεm (wit di fכl kכnsεnt fכ di mama εn papa).
כda nem fכ dεn sεl dεm ya na ``pluripotent`` sεl dεm. Dis min se dɛn kin bi ɛni kayn sɛl na di bɔdi. Bikɔs dɛn nɔ ebul fɔ du dis, dɛn gɛt bɔku pawa fɔ mek di tisu dɛn we sik dɔn pwɛl. כltu, biכs dεn kin gεt dεm frכm εmbriyo dεm, sכm ethical debat dεm de na di wכl bכt dis.
2. Adult Stem Sεl dεm
pan tap di nem "adult," dεn sεl dεm ya de insay כl di pikin dεm, pikin dεm, εn big pipul dεm bכdi. Bɔt dɛn nɔ gɛt pawa lɛk di stɛm sɛl dɛn we de na di εmbrayo. Dɛn kin de smɔl smɔl na difrɛn say dɛn lɛk di bon mɛro, di skin, di bren, ɛn di liva.
di big pipul stεm sεl dεm kin כnli mek sεl dεm we spεsifi k to di tisu we dεn de insay fכ egzampl, wan stεm sεl na di skin kin mek nyu skin sεl dεm, bכt nכto at sεl dεm.
Di las tin we dɔn apin na sayɛns: iPS sɛl dɛn
Sayɛnsman dɛn dɔn fɛn sɔntin we wɔndaful naw. dεn kin tek nכmal sεl we de gro lεk wi skin εn ‘riprogram’ am na di labכtכri fכ bihayv lεk εmbrayo stεm sεl. dεn kכl dεn tin ya indyuz pluripotεnt stεm sεl dεm (iPS sεl dεm) . dis dכn opin big chans fכ du risεch we nכ de wit di ethical issues dεm we kכnεkt wit εmbriyo.
Us tritmɛnt dɛn de yuz naw wit stem sɛl?
Dis na wetin bɔku pipul dɛn want fɔ no. Na ya wi nid fɔ ɔndastand di difrɛns bitwin di tritmɛnt dɛn we dɛn de yuz naw fayn fayn wan ɛn di tritmɛnt dɛn we dɛn de op fɔ tumara bambay .
Naw, tritmɛnt dɛn we dɛn dɔn gri fɔ ɛn yuz
Di tritmɛnt we kɔmɔn ɛn we de wok fayn pas ɔl na di wɔl tide na we dɛn de transplant stem sɛl we de mek blɔd . Sɔntɛm yu dɔn yɛri bɔt dis as ‘bon mɛro transplant.’
Dɛn kin yuz dis tritmɛnt mɔ fɔ:
- Fɔ blɔd kansa (e.g. Lukimia, Limfoma) .
- Fɔ sɔm blɔd sik dɛn (e.g. `Sickle cell anemia`) .
- Fɔ bil bak bon mɛrɔ we dɛn dɔn pwɛl bay kemotɛrapi fɔ kansa
fכ dis, dεn kin gεt stεm sεl dεm frכm di bon mכro fכ wan hεlty dona, כ frכm di כmbilikal kכd blכd we dεn bכn pikin.
Di tin dɛn we wi go ebul fɔ du tumara bambay ɛn di we aw di risach go go bifo
Sayɛnsman dɛn op se dɛn go yuz stem sɛl tritmɛnt dɛn fayn fayn wan fɔ bɔku ɔda sik dɛn tumara bambay. I impɔtant fɔ mɛmba se dɛn tin ya stil de na di risach stej .
- Dis sik we dɛn kɔl Parkinson
- Dis sik we dɛn kɔl Alzaima
- Shuga
- At sik
- Spinal kɔd injuri dɛn
- Atraytis we pɔsin kin gɛt
Impɔtant: If ɔganayzeshɔn se i "garanti stem cell therapy" fɔ dɛn sik ya, tink tumɔs. Dɛn nɔ dɔn gri fɔ dɛn tin ya yet as tritmɛnt dɛn we dɛn kin du ɔltɛm. Tɔk bɔt ɛnitin wit yu dɔktɔ.
Yu tink se dɛn tritmɛnt ya nɔ bad? Ɛni risk dɛn de we kin apin?
Lɛk ɛni nyu mɛdikal tɛknɔlɔji, stem sɛl tɛrapi gɛt in risk ɛn prɔblɛm dɛn. Sayɛnsman dɛn no bɔt dɛn tin ya gud gud wan ɛn dɛn de wok fɔ fɛn we fɔ sɔlv dɛn.
- Risk fɔ gɛt kansa:Bikɔs di stem sɛl dɛn gɛt di pawa fɔ sheb kwik kwik wan, sɔntɛnde dɛn kin sheb we dɛn nɔ ebul fɔ kɔntrol ɛn mek tumbu.
- di jεnεtik dεm we dεn pwεl: I kin bi se di sεl dεm we dεn gro na di labכtכri kin gεt sכm jεnεtik damej.
- imyun sistεm rεjεkshכn: wi כwn imyun sistεm kin atak sεl dεm we dεn gi wi frכm כdasay na di bכdi, trit dεm lεk ‘fכrin εnimi'.
- Risk dεm fכ di tritmεnt mεtכd: Risk dεm we de asai wit כpεrayshכn prosidכs fכ gεt כ injεkt sεl dεm (e.g., injεkshכn insay di bren, at).
Risach de go bifo fɔ mek dɛn nɔ gɛt bɔku prɔblɛm dɛn ya. So, fɔ gɛt dɛn kayn tritmɛnt ya frɔm say dɛn we dɛn nɔ gri fɔ tek, ɛn we nɔ fayn, kin rili denja.
Mɛsej we dɛn kin kɛr go na os
- stεm sεl dεm na spεshal kayn ‘masta sεl’ we kin bi eni sεl na di bכdi. Dɛn gɛt bɔku pawa fɔ du mɛrɛsin.
- Naw, dɛn kin yuz stem sɛl tɛrapi mɔ ɛn mɔ ɛn dɛn kin yuz am bɔku bɔku wan fɔ blɔd kansa lɛk lukimiya ɛn sɔm blɔd sik dɛn nɔmɔ.
- Di tritmɛnt fɔ sik dɛn lɛk dayabitis, Pakinsin, ɛn at sik stil de na di risach stej ɛn dɛn nɔ dɔn gri fɔ yuz am ɔlsay.
- Bifo yu biliv ɛnitin we yu si na di intanɛt ɔ ɔdasay bɔt stem sɛl tɛrapi, mek shɔ se yu aks yu dɔktɔ ɔ pɔsin we sabi du mɛrɛsin bɔt am.
- Tek tɛm bad bad wan pan "stɛm sɛl klinik dɛm" we dɛn nɔ gri fɔ, we nɔ gɛt bɛtɛ standad. Nɔ put yu wɛlbɔdi pan denja.
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