Lwaki kookolo abaawo?

Kookolo kigambo ekitiisa abantu bangi mu nsi ya leero. Naye mu butuufu si kyama. Kookolo kiva ku nkola ezimu ez’akavuyo ezibeerawo mu kibuga ekinene ekiyitibwa omubiri gwaffe. Mu kitundu kino, tujja kulaba engeri amateeka g’ekibuga ky’omubiri gwaffe gye gamenyebwamu n’embeera ya kookolo n’ebaawo.

Omubiri gwaffe gulinga ekibuga ekigondera amateeka!

Okusooka, katutunuulire omubiri gwaffe nga gulinga ekibuga ekifugibwa obulungi, ekigondera amateeka.

Bannansi b’ekibuga: Obutoffaali

Obukadde n’obukadde bwa bannansi ababeera mu kibuga kino bayitibwa butoffaali. Buli emu ku butoffaali buno bulina omulimu ogw’enjawulo gwe guweereddwa. Era waliwo ekiragiro, etteeka, mwe balina okukolera: ddi lwe balina okukula, ddi lwe balina okufuula bannansi abapya (obutoffaali obupya) (Cell Division), ddi lwe balina okuwummula oluvannyuma lw’okumaliriza obulamu bwabwe obw’obuweereza (Programmed Cell Death - Apoptosis). Bino byonna bibaawo okusinziira ku nteekateeka eteereddwawo.

Ekitabo ky'amateeka g'ekibuga: DNA

DNA kye kitabo ky’amateeka ekinene ekiragira engeri ekibuga kino kyonna gye kikola, buli munnansi (cell) by’alina okukola ne by’atalina kukola. Buli katoffaali kakola okusinziira ku biragiro ebiri mu kitabo kino ekya DNA.

Ensobi mu Kitabo ky’Amateeka: Enkyukakyuka

Naye, oluusi ensobi zisobola okubaawo mu kitabo kino ekinene eky’amateeka. Ng’ebbaluwa oba ekigambo mu kitabo ekisubwa. Ensobi zino mu kitabo kino eky'amateeka ga DNA tuziyita "enkyukakyuka."

Ensobi Zino Zibaawo Zitya?

Waliwo ensonga bbiri enkulu lwaki ekitabo kino eky’amateeka kikyamu:

1. Ensobi ezikolebwa mu ngeri eyeetongodde: Nga tukola bannansi abapya (obutoffaali) mu kibuga, ensobi entonotono zisobola okubaawo mu ngeri ey’okwekolako nga bakoppa ekitabo ky’amateeka (DNA).
2. Ebikosa ebweru ( Carcinogens ): Ensonga ezimu ez’ebweru nazo zisobola okwonoona ekitabo kino eky’amateeka. Nga yinki bw’egwa, empapula ezaaka, n’ennukuta okuzikira. Ensonga ez'ebweru ezonoona ekitabo kino eky'amateeka tuziyita " Carcinogens ." (Kino tujja kukyogerako mu bujjuvu oluvannyuma).

Poliisi y’omu kibuga: Enkola y’okuddaabiriza DNA

Ekirungi ekibuga kyaffe kirina ekibinja ky’abaserikale ba poliisi abalina ebitone (genes related to DNA Repair Mechanisms). Omulimu gwabwe kwe kunoonya n’okuddaabiriza ensobi mu kitabo ky’amateeka (DNA) amangu ddala nga zibaddewo. Ebiseera ebisinga abaserikale bano aba poliisi batereeza ensobi ezo. Naye oluusi, singa omuwendo gw’ensobi gweyongera, oba singa poliisi (obuzaale obuddaabiriza) yennyini eyonoonese, ensobi zino teziyinza kulongoosebwa.

Engeri Obujeemu bwa Kkookolo gye Butandikiramu

Wano obuzibu we butandikira. Enkyukakyuka mu kitabo ky’amateeka bwe zikuŋŋaanyizibwa, era amateeka abiri agasinga obukulu mu kufuga ekibuga bwe gamenyebwa, bannansi abamu (obutoffaali) batandika okujeema.

Okumenya Amateeka Abiri Amakulu

Amateeka abiri amakulu agamenyeddwa ge gano:

1. Etteeka erifuga siginiini okutandika okuzimba (okugabanya obutoffaali).
2. Etteeka likugira okuzimba okuteetaagisa oba okutasaana.

"Toyimiriza kuzimba!" Okuzibikira obubonero (Oncogenes) .

Waliwo omukungu w'ekibuga awa akabonero akalaga nti "tandike okuzimba" (okutandika okugabanya obutoffaali) (obuzaale obwa bulijjo obwa kino buba proto-oncogenes). Olw'ensobi eri mu katabo k'amateeka ga DNA, akabonero k'omukungu ono kazibiddwa, era asigala aleekaana nti "Tandika okuzimba! Zimba ebisingawo! Zimba ebisingawo!" (obuzaale buno obukyamu buba bwa oncogenes). Kiringa okulinnya ku accelerator y’emmotoka n’esibira! Kale obutoffaali butandika okwawukana nga tebuyimiridde.

Okumenya "Mukomye okuzimba okukyamu!" signal (Obuzaale obuziyiza ebizimba) .

Ate era, ebizimbe bwe biba bizimbibwa mu kibuga mu ngeri eteetaagisa, waliwo omuserikale omulala agamba nti "Stop!", n'asindika ttiimu eziddaabiriza (DNA Repair) singa wabaawo ensobi yonna mu kuzimba, era bwe kiba tekisoboka, n'alagira okumenya ekizimbe ekikola ensobi ( Apoptosis - cell death) (obuzaale obukwatagana ne kino ye Tumor Suppressor Genes ). Olw'ensobi ezo eza DNA, omuserikale ono "Stop!" siginiini elekera awo okukola. Nga buleeki ku mmotoka bwe zikoma okukola nga zikaddiye!

Ekiva mu butoffaali okumenya amateeka: Ebizimba bya kookolo

Kati teebereza, kiki ekibaawo nga accelerator esibidde ne buleeki ne zilekera awo okukola?

Ebizimbe Ebitafugibwa Ebitakkirizibwa

• Bannansi (obutoffaali) bakyagenda mu maaso n’okwawukana nga tebayimiridde, nga bamenya amateeka.
• Ne bwe kiba kikyamu, tekijja kuddabirizibwa.
• Zisigala nga ziriwo nga teziwummudde (okufa - apoptosis) mu kiseera ekituufu.

Ebibinja bino eby'obutoffaali ebimenya amateeka ne byeyawulamu ne bikula wamu mu ngeri eteetaagisa bye tuyita "ebizimba." Ziringa ebizimbe ebizimbibwa nga tebirina lukusa mu kibuga.

Ebizimba Ebitali Birungi n’Ebibi

Waliwo ebika bibiri eby’ebizimbisibwa bino ebitakkirizibwa (ebizimba):

• Ebizimba ebitali bya bulabe: Abo abamenya amateeka mu kifo kimu: Bano balinga abo abamenya amateeka ne bazimba ekizimbe ekitono ekimenya amateeka mu kifo kimu. Kisigala we kyatondebwa, era tekisaasaana mu bibuga birala. Naye okusinziira ku kifo we kiri (nga okuziba ekkubo), kiyinza okukutawaanya katono.
• Ebizimba Ebibi: Abayeekera abatabangula ekibuga: Bano be bantu abasinga okuba ab’obulabe! Tebakoma ku kuzimba mu ngeri emenya amateeka. Era bamenya bbugwe w’ettaka lyabwe (okulumba) ne babuuka ku ttaka lye batudde.

Okusaasaana kw’obuyeekera: Okulumba n’okusaasaana

Ebizimba bino ebibi tebikoma awo.

Okuwamba ettaka eryawambibwa: Okulumba

Obutoffaali obwo obw’abayeekera (Obutoffaali bwa kookolo bumenya ensalo z’ekifo we busibuka (ekitundu) ne bulumba ebitundu ebiramu ebigyetoolodde n’ettaka (okulumba).

Amatwale amapya mu bibuga eby’ewala: Metastasis

Eky’obulabe ennyo, obutoffaali buno obw’abayeekera butambula ku nguudo ennene ez’ekibuga (emisuwa) n’enguudo ez’ebbali (emisuwa gy’amazzi), era ne butuuka n’okugenda mu bitundu eby’ewala eby’ekibuga (ebitundu ebirala eby’omubiri - amawuggwe, ekibumba , obwongo, n’ebirala), gye buteekawo amatwale amapya agatali mu mateeka (ebizimba eby’okubiri oba okusaasaana). Kino kiyitibwa "metastasis". Guno gwe mutendera ogusinga okuba ogw’obulabe ogwa kookolo.

Ensonga ez’ebweru ezikosa akabi ka kookolo

Kati katutunuulire ebintu eby’ebweru (carcinogens) ebyonoona ekitabo ky’amateeka (DNA) kye twayogeddeko emabegako. Zino zezongera obulabe bwa kookolo.

Ebintu Ebyonoona Ekitabo ky'Amateeka mu Kibuga

• Taaba: Okufaananako okwokya ekitabo ky’amateeka: Sigala, beedi, omukka gwa sigala, n’okukamula taaba (oluusi ne betel) balabe bakulu abonoona ennyo ekitabo ky’amateeka (DNA). Kino kye kivaako kookolo mungi ng’amawuggwe, akamwa, n’emimiro.
• Omwenge: Ng’ekiziyiza okukwasisa amateeka: Okunywa omwenge ekisusse tekikoma ku kwonoona mateeka mu ngeri etali ya butereevu, wabula n’okutaataaganya enkola y’omubiri okuddaabiriza. Kyongera obulabe bwa kookolo ng’ekibumba, emimiro, n’amabeere.
• Endya Etali nnungi & Omugejjo : Okufaananako n’okunafuya ebikozesebwa mu kibuga: emmere erimu ebiwuziwuzi ebitono, erongooseddwa n’erimu amasavu amangi/ssukaali, obutaba na bibala n’enva endiirwa, n’omugejjo bikosa obulamu bw’ekibuga okutwalira awamu n’obutebenkevu bw’ekitabo ky’amateeka, okwongera ku bulabe bwa kookolo omu (e.g. kookolo w’ekyenda).
• Radiation & Chemicals: Okufaananako n’okusangula ennukuta eziri mu kitabo ky’amateeka: Emisinde gy’enjuba egy’amaanyi egya ultraviolet (UV radiation), emisinde nga X-rays, n’eddagala erimu nga asbestos n’eddagala ly’ebiwuka bisobola okwonoona butereevu ennukuta eziri mu kitabo ky’amateeka (DNA).
• Yinfekisoni: Ng’abalabe abayingira mu kibuga:Akawuka akamu [e.g., akawuka ka human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B ne C] ne bakitiriya [e.g., Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)] bisobola okuyingira mu kibuga, ne bikwata ku kitabo ky’amateeka, era okumala ekiseera ne biyamba ku bulwadde bwa kookolo.

Okumaliriza: Okutegeera kookolo n’okukendeeza ku bulabe

Kale, kookolo si kintu ekikula mu kiro kimu. Kiva ku kwonooneka (enkyukakyuka) ku DNA, ekitabo ky’amateeka g’ekibuga ky’omubiri gwaffe, okumala ekiseera olw’ensonga ez’enjawulo (emize gyaffe, obutonde, mpozzi obuzaale), n’okufuga kw’ekibuga (okufuga okukula n’okufa kw’obutoffaali) kumenyeka. Accelerator esibidde, buleeki zimenyese, era bannansi (obutoffaali) abamenya amateeka beeyisa nga tebalina kye bafuga, ne balumba ekibuga kyonna.

Bw’otegeera emboozi eno, kyeyoleka bulungi nti kikulu okukuuma ekitabo kyaffe eky’amateeka (DNA) nga twewala ebiziyiza kkansa (taaba, omwenge oguteetaagisa, emmere etali nnungi) n’okubeera n’obulamu obulungi (emmere ennungi, dduyiro). Ate era, okuzuula amangu abo abamenya amateeka (obutoffaali bwa kookolo) ng’ekizibu (obubonero) kizzeewo oba okuyita mu kukeberebwa kijja kuyamba okukomya obujeemu buno nga tebunnasaasaana mu nsi yonna.