I thisen kalna kawngah thau a awm em? (Atherosclerosis) Hemi chungchang hi han sawi ila!

A châng chuan, i taksa chhûnga lo piang chhuak tûrin harsatna lian tak i nei thei a, i hre lo pawh a ni thei. Vawiin hian ngawi renga taksa tichhe thei, mahse a hlauhawm hle thei dinhmun kan sawi dawn a ni. Hei hi "atherosclerosis" kan tih chu a ni. Ngaihtuah teh, i thisen kalna kawngte chu tui pipe ang mai a ni a, heng pipe-te hi bawlhhlawh, chu chu thauin a khar a nih chuan eng nge thleng ang? Chu chu he thubuaiah pawh hian a thleng ve tho. Hei hi thawnthu pawi deuh mah se, kan hriatthiam chuan kan pumpelh theih nan thil tam tak kan ti thei a ni.

Atherosclerosis tih hi eng nge ni? A awlsam zawngin...

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, atherosclerosis chu i thisen kalna kawng chhunga thau, cholesterol, calcium leh thil dangte a lo awm zauh zauh a, "plaque" (atheroma) a siam a ni. Arteries chu kan thinlung atanga kan taksa peng dang thlenga oxygen tamna thisen phurtu thisen kalna kawng a ni. He plaque hi a lo pun zel chuan thisen kalna kawngte chu a thim zauh zauh a, a khauh bawk. Hei hi "hardening of the arteries" emaw "atherosclerosis" emaw an ti bawk.

A tir lamah chuan hei hi ngawi rengin a thleng thin. Hun engemaw chen chu symptoms i hmu lo mai thei. Mahse he plaque hi a lo lian zauh zauh a, thisen kalna tur hmun chu artery chhunga, chu chu channel chhunga hawnna (lumen) tihna a ni. Tui pipe-a bawlhhlawh a tlakbuak ang bawkin tui kawng chu a zim zual sauh sauh a ni. Chuti a nih chuan eng nge thleng? Kan taksa peng leh taksa peng hrang hranga thisen thleng hi a tlahniam a. Chu mai ni lovin, thisen a luang chak chhunzawm zel chuan he plaque hi a chhe thei a, a nih loh leh a chunglam chu a hrual thei bawk. Chutiang a nih chuan chutah chuan thisen zam a lo awm thei a ni.

Hetiang hian han ngaihtuah teh: artery tawi tak chu kawngpui pali nei, lane khata tihtlem ang a ni. Mahse thisen zam chu chu kawng lai takah chuan kawng inkhar ang mai a ni. Thisen kal chu a titawp vek thei a ni.

Taksa chunga nghawng a neih dan chu thisen zam awmna hmunah a innghat a ni. Entirnan, hetiang blockage hi heart-a thisen petu coronary arteries-ah a awm chuan heart-in oxygen a hloh thei a , heart attack a awm thei bawk.

He natna hi engtiang chiahin nge atherosclerosis an tih?

Hei hi a takah chuan thil awm dan tlangpui tak a ni. Hetianga plaque tam lutuk avanga harsatna awm thei, a bik takin heart attack leh stroke te hi khawvel puma thihna thlentu lian ber an ni.

US National Institutes of Health chhinchhiah danin kum 45 leh 84 inkar zinga a chanve velin atherosclerosis an nei a, mahse an hre lo. Kan ramah pawh hetiang dinhmun hi kan ngaihtuah a ngai a ni.

Hei hi eng symptoms nge ni?

Vawi tam tak chu, thisen kalna kawng (artery) chu nasa taka a zim hma emaw, 70% aia tam a inkhar emaw, a inkhar vek hma loh chuan symptoms a lang lo. Mi tam zawk chuan heng deposit (plaque) te hi medical emergency, heart attack emaw stroke emaw hnuah chauh an nei tih an hrechhuak thin.

Artery 70% aia tam a block chuan symptoms i nei tan thei. A blocked artery awmna hmun azirin taksa hmun hrang hrangah symptoms a lang thei.

Lung lam kaihhnawih (Coronary Artery Disease - CAD) .

Hetiang dinhmun hi thinlunga thisen petu thisen kalna kawng hrang hranga a lo awm chuan Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) an ti a ni. Hei hian heart attack a thlen thei a ni.

Hetiang thil hi i hre mai thei:

• Hna tlêm tak tih lai pawhin thawk harsa (Dyspnea).
• Chhung na emaw, nuam lo emaw (angina). Hei hi rilru chhunga hrual emaw, hrual emaw ang maiin a awm thei.
• Hnunglam, kekawrte, kawr, kut leh pum emaw a na.
• Luak chhuak, lu hahthlak tih hriat.
• Lung na tak tak.
• Chauhna nasa tak, hah lutuk.
• Nausea leh vomiting, indigestion nen a inang.

Chaw ei kawng (Mesenteric Ischemia) .

Hetiang dinhmun (mesenteric ischemia) hi digestive system hmun thenkhata thisen kal a tihtlem chuan a lo awm thei a ni.

• Chaw ei zawh hnua pum chhunga natna emaw, a bik takin pum chhunga natna emaw.
• Bloating, luak chhuak, luak chhuak.
• Kawthalo.
• Chaw ei hlauh vanga taksa rihna tlahniam, chu chu chaw ei huna natna hlauhna a ni.

Ke leh ke (Peripheral Artery Disease - PAD) .

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) hi taksa peng hrang hranga thisen petu artery-a thisen kal dan a tlahniam a ni.

• Intermittent claudication hi i ke ruhte a inher ang maia hriatna a ni a, a bik takin i kal laiin i ke ruhte chu a inher chhuak ang maiin i hria. Hei hi rei vak lo i thut hnu leh i chawlh hnuah a reh ang a, mahse i kal hunah a lo let leh ang.
• Chawlh laia ke leh ke ruh kang leh na, a bik takin mut lai.
• Vun rawng a inthlak (e.g., sen hring).
• Ke lum vawt.
• Vun leh ke, ke soft tissue-a natna hrik awm fo.
• Ke leh ke ruh hliam dam lo.

Renal Artery Stenosis a awm thin

Renal artery stenosis hian natna lan chhuahna a thlen thei a, chungte chu:

• Damdawi eng emaw zat hman chung pawha thunun theih loh thisen sang.
• Zun chhuah tam dan a inthlak danglam.
• A hring (Edema) a awm.
• Mut theih lohna, hahna.
• Vun vawt, itchy, emaw numb emaw.
• Lu na.
• Chhan awm lovin taksa rihna tihtlem.
• Nausea, luak chhuak, ei duh lohna emaw.

Thluak nena inzawm (Carotid Artery Disease) .

Hetiang dinhmun hi thluaka thisen pe chhuaktu, kawr chhunga carotid arteries-ah a awm a nih chuan a lan chhuah hmasak ber chu transient ischemic attack (TIA) emaw stroke emaw a ni thei.

• Luak chhuak thei.
• Hmai sir khata sagging.
• Taksa sir khata hriatna hloh, taksa ruh chak lohna.
• Lu na na tak.
• Thusawi laiin thumal slurring, thumal siam harsa.
• Mit pakhata mit hmuhna hloh. Mit hmaah puan dum a tla ang maiin a lang thei.

Engvangin nge atherosclerosis hi a lo awm? A chhante chu engte nge ni?

Zirchiangtute chuan hei hi chhan lian tak tak engemaw zat a awm niin an ngai a:

• Thisenah hian LDL cholesterol tha lo leh triglycerides level a sang chho zel.
• Zuk leh hmuam thil hman (meizial zuk, meikhu tel lo tobacco).
• Thisen sang (Hypertension).
• Zunthlum (Diabetes Mellitus) natna a ni.

Heng thilte hian i thisen kalna kawng (endothelium) chhungril lam a tichhe thei a ni. Chutah chuan atherosclerosis a lo awm tan ta a ni. He chhiatna hi a tlangpuiin a thleng zauh zauh a, hun kal zelah a thleng thin.

Engtin nge hetiang hi a lo awm a, eng stage nge a awm?

Atherosclerosis hi kum tam tak chhung a lo awm a, stage lian tak tak engemaw zat a nei a:

1. Endothelial damage leh immune response: Artery endothelium a chhiat chuan chemical reaction a intan thin. Hei hian thisen var (white blood cells) a ti chhiat na hmunah a awm khawm thin. Heng cell te hi an inkhawm a, artery chhungah inflammation an siam thin.

2. Fatty streaks: Hei hi atherosclerosis chhinchhiahna hmuh theih hmasa ber a ni. A chhe lai chu yellow streak emaw spot emaw ang mai a ni a, "foam cell" thi atanga siam a ni. Foam cells hi thisen var, cholesterol tihbo tumna atana ei tawhte an ni. Heng foam cell te hian hna an thawh chhunzawm zel chuan endothelium an tichhe zual sauh sauh a ni.

3. Plaque Growth: Foam cell thi leh bawlhhlawh dangte a lo awm khawm zel chuan thau streak chu zawi zawiin plaque lian zawkah a chang ta a ni. He plaque chungah hian smooth muscle cells fibrous cap a lo awm a. Hei hian plaque chu a chhe thei lo va, thisenah a khawlkhawm thei lo. Plaque a lo lian chhoh zel chuan artery chhunga lumen (thisen kalna hmun) chu a tawi ta a ni.

4. Plaque rupture emaw erosion: Hetiang stage-ah hian plaque chunga fibrous cap chu a rupture a, a nih loh leh plaque chhehvel endothelium cells te chu a chhe vek a ni. Engti kawng pawhin thisen zam (blood clot) a lo awm thin. Chu clot chuan thisen kal dan a tikhawlo a, heart attack emaw stroke emaw a thlen thin.

Hei hi eng risk factors nge awm?

Atherosclerosis lo awm theihna tur risk factor tam tak a awm a. Chung zinga ṭhenkhat chu i thlak danglam thei a, mahse ṭhenkhat chu kum ang chiah hian i thlak thei lo.

Risk factors te chu:

• Kum 45 chunglam mipa nih.
• Kum 55 chunglam hmeichhia nih.
• Chhungkaw zinga mi pakhat (kum 45 hmaa mipa chhungte hnai tak, emaw, kum 55 hmaa hmeichhe chhungte hnai tak) chuan rilru lam natna a vei a nih chuan .
• Zunthlum (Diabetes Mellitus) natna a ni.
• Thisen sang (Hypertension).
• Hyperlipidemia, a bik takin LDL cholesterol tha lo emaw, lipoprotein bik Lipoprotein (a) an tih emaw a tam lutuk .
• Metabolic natna (Metabolic syndrome) a ni.
• Meizial zuk emaw, zuk leh hmuam thil dang hman emaw.
• Taksa tihchak loh.
• Saturated fat, trans fat, sodium (salt), leh sugar tamna diet ei.

Hei hian eng harsatna nge a thlen theih?

Atherosclerosis hian kan cardiovascular system hnathawh dan pangngai a tibuai a. Hei hian taksa peng hrang hrang, a bik takin thinlung leh thluak lama thisen kal chu a tikhawtlai emaw, a tikhawlo emaw thei a ni. Hetianga thisen kal tlem avanga harsatna awm thei te chu:

• Carotid artery natna a ni.
• Coronary artery natna a ni.
• Lung natna.
• Thinlung thawk mumal lo (Arrhythmia).
• Lung lam chak lohna.
• Mesenteric ischemia a awm thin.
• Peripheral artery natna a ni.
• Kal natna rei tak (CKD) a ni.
• Renal artery stenosis a awm thin.
• Thai.
• A rilru a buai em em a, a rilru a hah em em bawk a. Transient ischemic attack (TIA).
• Artery wall chak lo leh bulging (aneurysms) leh an rupture.

He natna hi hriat hmasak leh enkawl hian hetiang harsatna lian tak hi a veng thei a, a tikhawtlai thei bawk.

Engtin nge hei hi hriat chhuah a nih? Doctor-te hian eng test nge an tih?

Atherosclerosis i vei em tih hriat nan, emaw, i vei theihna tur i neih leh neih loh hriat nan doctor chuan a hnuaia mi ang hian a ti ang:

• Taksa endikna kimchang neih a ni ang. Hei hian i thinlung leh i thisen kalna kawnga thisen luang ri chu stethoscope hmanga ngaihthlak a huam ang. Entirnan, i kawr chhunga carotid arteries-ah "bruit" sound a awm leh awm loh an enfiah ang. He aw hian plaque a awm tih a tilang thei.
• I medical history leh chhungkaw history zawh a ni ang. He information hian atherosclerosis i vei theihna tur leh a harsatna te chu a hriat theih nan a pui thei che a ni.
• I nunphung an zawt ang. Zuk leh hmuam i hman leh hman tawh loh ang chi tih dan chungchang an zawt mai thei.
• Thisen test tura tih a ni.Heng thinlung natna kaihhnawih thisen test te hian i cholesterol level leh heart function chungchang tam tak a hrilh thei che a ni.

Eng test dang nge tih leh ang?

Doctor chuan atherosclerosis a awm leh awm loh finfiah nan test dang a ti thei a, enkawl dan tur ruahmanna a siam thei bawk. Chung zingah chuan:

• Angiography: Hei hian X-ray leh contrast dye bik hmangin thisen kalna kawng (arteries)-a blockage awmte chu a zawng chhuak a, a teh thin.
• Ankle-brachial index: Hei hian i ke ruh leh i kut a thisen sang tehkhin a, i ke ruh chhunga thisen kal dan a teh a ni.
• Chest X-ray: Hei hian rilru chhung lam thlalak a la thin.
• CT scan (Computed Tomography scan): He scan hian taksa chhung lam thlalak a la a, thisen kalna kawng lian tak tak a inkhar emaw, a zim emaw a en thei a ni.
• Heart MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): He test hian thisen kalna kawng (arteries)-a thisen kal danah harsatna a awm tih a hriat theih.
• Echocardiogram (Echo): Echo hian thinlung valve leh chamber thlalak a la a, thinlungin thisen a pump that dan a teh thin.
• ECG (Electrocardiogram or EKG): ECG hian thinlung electrical activity, rate leh rhythm te a teh a.
• Exercise stress test: Taksa tihchak laia thinlung hnathawh dan tehna test a ni.
• Carotid ultrasound: Hei hian kawr chhunga carotid arteries awmte ultrasound image a la thin. Heng thisen kalna kawngte hi thluaka thisen an phurh chhuah rualin a zim emaw, a inkhar emaw tih a hre thei a ni.
• Abdominal ultrasound: He ultrasound hian pum chhunga thisen kalna lian tak aorta chu bulge (abdominal aortic aneurysm) emaw plaque emaw a neih leh neih loh enfiah a ni.

Hei hi engtin nge enkawl a nih?

Atherosclerosis hi nunphung thlak danglam te, damdawi ei te, leh a châng chuan operation emaw, damdawi lam thil dang emaw hmanga enkawl a ni . Atherosclerosis i neihna hmun azirin, cardiologist, nephrologist, neurologist, emaw vascular surgeon emaw i hmu thei a ni.

I doctor-te chuan i mamawh dan azirin enkawlna tur ruahmanna an siam ang. Enkawlna tum ber chu:

• Thisen zam awm theihna tihziaawmna.
• Heart attack emaw stroke emaw ang chi harsatna lo thleng tur venna.
• Symptoms tihziaawmna.
• I thinlung leh thisen kalna tur atana tha ei tur i hman theih nan tanpui che.
• Arteries chhunga plaque lo awm tur ven emaw tihtawp emaw.
• Thisen kal dan tihchangtlun, thisen kalna kawng zau zawk emaw, blockage bypass emaw hmangin.

Nunphung a inthlak danglam thin

Nunphung thlak danglam hian harsatna thlen theihna a ti tlem thei a ni. I doctor chuan i tana tha tur ruahmanna a siam ang. A tlangpuiin a hnuaia mite hi i ti thei ang:

• Zuk leh hmuam thil zawng zawng (meizial zuk leh vaping te pawh tel) loh tur. Hei hi i tih theih pawimawh ber a ni.
• Thinlung hrisel ei leh in zawm la, chu chu Mediterranean diet , chu chu thlai, thei, legumes, whole grains, sangha, leh olive oil ei tam tihna a ni.
• Nitin exercise la. Kea kal rei vak lo atanga tan la, ni khatah minute 30 tal, kar khatah ni engemaw zat exercise tih thlengin thawk rawh.

Damdawi chi hrang hrang

Damdawi hian plaque buildup risk factors control nan a pui thei a, atherosclerosis natna a ti hniam thei bawk. I doctor chuan thisen sang tihhniam nan te, cholesterol tihhniam nan te, thisen sugar level control nan te, thisen zam venna tur damdawi a pe thei ang.

Procedures emaw Surgery emaw tih dan tur

Artery block nasa tak nei emaw, harsatna tawk thei sang tak takte tanpui nan medical leh surgical procedure hrang hrang a awm a. Enkawlna hman tlanglawn tak takte chu:

• Angioplasty: Hei hi thisen kalna kawng zau takah balloon ang chi hmanrua dahin, thisen kalna kawng zau zawka tihzauh nan inflating a ni.
• Atherectomy: Hei hian artery chhung atanga plaque te chu cut leh lakchhuah a ni.
• Carotid endarterectomy: Kawr chhunga carotid arteries atanga plaque lakchhuahna tur surgery tih a ni.
• Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG): Hetiang tih dan hian thinlunga thisen kalna kawngkhar thar a siam a, chu chu thisen kalna kawng thar a siam a ni.
• Peripheral artery bypass surgery: Thisen kalna tur kawng thar a siam a, ke ruh chhunga thisen blocked te chu a bypass theih nan.
• Stent dah: Angioplasty hnuah mesh ang chi stent te tak te dah a ni a, chu chu thisen kalna kawng a zim leh tawh loh nan a ni.
• Vascular disease bypass: Hei hi blockage bypass tura surgery a ni bawk.

Atherosclerosis hi a veng thei ang em?

A pumpelh kim theih loh mai thei. Mahse i hlauhawmna chu i tihtlem thei a, natnain nghawng a neih chu i ti tlem thei bawk. I tih theih ṭhenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Saturated fat, trans fat, cholesterol, sodium (salt), leh sugar tena ei tur ei thin ang che.
• Taksa tihchakna mumal tak nei rawh. Kea kal rei vak lo atanga tan la, ni khatah minute 30 thleng hna thawk la, kar khatah ni engemaw zat hna thawk rawh.
• I tan taksa rihna hrisel tak vawng reng rawh. Chu chu eng nge ni tih i doctor zawt rawh.
• Hriselna dang, a bik takin zunthlum, thisen sang, leh cholesterol sang te enkawl rawh.
• Zuk leh hmuam hman loh tur.
• Kum khatah vawi khat medical checkup neih thin ang che.

Hetiang dinhmun nen hian eng nge i beisei tur? Engtin nge i in enkawl ang?

A hmaa hriatchhuah leh enkawl a nih chuan atherosclerosis vei tam tak chuan an duhzawng nun an hmang thei a ni. Mahse he natna hian medical emergency a thlen thei a, a thihpui thei bawk. Chuvangin i risk te hriat chian a pawimawh a, i doctor nen thawhhona tha tak neiin tihtlem a pawimawh hle.

I doctor nen hna thawk ho rawh. I dinhmun an enfiah fo ang a, eng chen nge i hmuh tur tih an hrilh ang che. I appointment zawng zawng kha vawng reng la, i hriselna chungchangah proactive takin awm rawh. Symptom thar emaw, danglam emaw i hmuh chuan doctor hnenah hrilh nghal rawh. Enkawl hmasak hian nunna atana hlauhawm harsatna a thlen theihna a ti tlem thei a ni.

Tin, i rilru hriselna pawh ngaihtuah bawk ang che. Hmalam hun tur ngaihtuah buai hi thil pangngai tak a ni. Nunphung tihdanglam chu a harsa thei hle. Mahse, chutiang rilru put hmang chuan nun nuam tihna chu titawp suh.

• I rilru put hmang chu counselor emaw support group emaw hnenah sawi rawh.
• Midang rilru lam natna nei te nen inzawmna siam rawh. Thil tawn te in insem thei a, in inzir thei bawk.
• I nunphung i tihdanglam mekte chu i chhungte leh i thiante nen sawiho rawh. Hêng inthlâk danglamnate hi i tâna a pawimawh chhan hrilhfiah la, chutiang thil thleng tûra an ṭanpuina dîl bawk ang che.

Engtikah nge Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ah i kal ang ?

Nangmah emaw, i hriat tu emaw chuan heart attack, stroke, emaw TIA , symptoms i neih chuan 911 emaw i local emergency number emaw ah call nghal rawh. Hengte hi medical emergency, enkawl vat ngai a ni.

I doctor hnenah eng zawhna nge i zawh tur?

Doctor i zawh theih tur zawhna thenkhat chu:

• Ka tan enge inenkawlna tha ber?
• Ka thisen sang leh cholesterol level hi eng ang nge ni tur?
• Engtikah nge ka fate cholesterol hi ka check tan ang?
• Meizial zuk bânsan tûra min ṭanpui thei tûr program i rawn rawt thei ang em?

Take-Home Thuchah hnuhnung ber

Atherosclerosis hi mi tam takin an hmachhawn thin a ni. Mahse i doctor chu i enkawl dan tur leh i nun tha ber i hman theih nan a awm a ni. Kum tin i checkup chhung hian atherosclerosis i vei theihna tur an zirchiang ang a, a tihziaawm theih nan eng nge i tih theih tih an hrilhfiah ang. Doctor thurawn zawm kawngah tanpuina dil hlau suh. I mamawh theih thilte chu an rawn rawt thei a ni. Nun hrisel leh doctor thurawn zawm hian he natna khirh tak laka venhimna kawngah hian kawng thui tak a zawh dawn tih hre reng ang che.

` Atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, cholesterol, heart attack, stroke, thisen kalna kawng khar, nunphung hrisel