I fa hian hmun khata awm harsatna a nei em? ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) chungchang hi i zir dawn teh ang!

I naupang tê chu hmun khatah a awm reng em? Hrehawm, tlan, zuang... Thusawi ngaihsak lo chu i chau em? Hengte hi kan ngaihtuah aia thuk zawk thil chhinchhiahna a ni thei. Chu chu ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) an tih natna a ni. ADHD hi ngaihsak loh vang mai ni lovin, a buaithlak zawk, thluak nena inzawm a ni. Chumi avang chuan thil engemaw ngaihsak kawngah te, hmun khata awm reng tur te, vawi khata an ngaihtuahna thunun kawngah te harsatna tlem an nei thin. Mahse, mak tak mai chu, an duhzawng thil an tih lai hian chu chu `hyperfocus` pawh an ni thei!

ADHD symptoms hi kum 3 leh 6 inkar atanga tan a ni tlangpui a, a chang chuan puitlingah pawh a awm thei. Mi thenkhat phei chuan he dinhmun hi an upat hnuah an hre thei thin. ADHD hi damdawi kimchang awm lo mah se , lungngai suh, heng symptoms te hi damdawi leh behavioral therapies ang chi thil hmangin a control tha thei hle.

Khawvel hmun hrang hrangah naupang maktaduai tam takin ADHD an nei a. Hetiang dinhmun hi kan ramah pawh a awm fo. I fa chu ADHD a vei tih hmuhchhuah a nih chuan, a chungchang dik tak hriat bakah, ADHD nei naupang nu leh pa dangte nena inbiakna neih chu nang leh i fa tan anmahni thlawp turin a \angkai hle ang. Thudik lo hmanga bum suh.

ADHD chi hrang hrang a awm em? Eng nge an nih?

Ni e, doctor-te chuan naupang leh puitlingah ADHD an hmuhchhuah hian chi pali an sawi a:

• Inattentive ADHD: Hetiang chi hi ngaihven harsa, hna thawh zawh leh thil tihfel harsa a ni. Hetiang chiah hian fidgeting leh restlessness symptoms hi a tlem zawk a, a awm lo a nih pawhin. Heng mimalte hi classroom-ah emaw, in lamah emaw "mumang nei" anga ngaih an ni fo thin.

• Hyperactive-impulsive ADHD: Heng mite hian thut emaw, ngawi reng emaw an harsat hle. Thahnemngai tak an nei a, an tawng thiam hle bawk. Midang an inbiak laiin an zuang lut a, ngaihtuah lovin thil an ti thin. Mahse, heng mite hian ngaihtuahna lama harsatna langsar tak tak an nei lo mai thei.

• Combined presentation: Hei hi ADHD chi khat zingah chuan a tam ber a ni. Hei hi mi tam zawkin ADHD tih thumal an hriat hian an ngaihtuah thin a ni. A hmaa kan sawi tawh angin inattention leh hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms te chu a inzawm khawm a ni.

• Unspecified presentation: Hetiang ADHD chi hi nitin nun tibuai thei khawpa na a ni a, mahse a hmaa chi hrang hrangte official criteria nen erawh a inmil lo hle. Doctor-te chuan ‘Unspecified ADHD’ an ti leh thin.

Tin, heng chhinchhiahnate hian i nitin nun a nghawng dan azirin doctor-te chuan a na lo, a hniam, leh a na hle niin an ngai bawk .

ADHD natna lan chhuah dan chu engte nge ni?

ADHD symptoms hi chi hnih ah then a ni a, chungte chu:

1. 1. A rilru a hah lutuk chuan a rilru a buai em em a.Inattention symptoms: Heng symptoms te hian hna pakhat i ngaihtuah theihna leh a tir atanga a tawp thlenga i tih zawh theihna a nghawng a ni. I ngaihven ngai hnate chu i tikhawtlai thei a ni. Mi pakhatin thu a sawi lai pawhin i ngaihtuahna a tibuaiin i lang thei a, thil i hloh fo thei bawk.

2. Hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms: Heng symptoms te hian ṭhut theihna a nghawng a, hmun khata hahdam taka awm theihna a nghawng a, thusawi hmaa mahni turn nghah emaw, ngaihtuahna emaw a harsat phah thei bawk.

Heng category hrang hrangah hian symptom 9 vel a awm a ni. A hnuaia tarlan te hi a ni. Mahse a pawimawh ber chu hengte hi naupang tam takin a hun hunah an lantir thin nungchang pangngai a ni. Hetiang thil ti \hin naupang zawng zawng hian ADHD an nei vek lo. Doctor-te chuan ADHD an hriat theih nan criteria uluk tak an hmang thin.

Ngaihtuahna nena inzawm natna lan chhuah dan (naupangte zingah):

I fain hetiang thil hi a ti em tih en rawh:

• Ngaihtuahna tam tak mamawh hna (e.g., homework, schoolwork) te chu a pumpelh thin .
• Thil chipchiar tak tak a ngaihven tawk lo, a nih loh leh fimkhur lo taka tihsual nei angin a lang .
• Ka tih tur ka theihnghilh fo thin.
• I chhehvela thil thlengte hian i ngaihtuahna a tibuai a awl a, a chang chuan nangmah ngei pawhin i ngaihtuahna a tibuai bawk.
• Thil inrual taka vawn harsatna (e.g., pindan chhunga inkhelhna thil dah dan, school bag chhunga thil dah dan, project pakhat step siam dan).
• I thil tih ngaihven harsa (e.g., lecture ngaihthlak, thuziak sei tak chhiar).
• An mamawh thil (e.g., sikul bungrua, pencil, glasses) a hloh .
• Mi pakhatin direct-a a sawi lai pawhin an rilru chu hmun dangah a awm ang maiin a lang a, a nih loh leh mumang khawvelah a awm ang maiin a lang .
• Hna pakhat chu awlsam taka tan pawh nise, rilru chu thil dangin a tihbuai avangin a zo lo (hei hian inchhung hna thawh leh tihfelna a nghawng thei a ni).

Fidgeting/impulsive activity nena inzawm mizia (naupangte zingah):

Heng features te pawh hi han en teh:

• Kut emaw ke emaw hmanga chetna tenau te, fidgets (a bik takin ei leh in, in lama hna thawh, emaw chair-a thut) te a ti thin.
• I mamawh hunah thu la, tho rawh.
• Ngawi renga inkhelh leh thil dang tih a har hle.
• I turn a lo thlen hma chu nghah a har khawp mai.
• Midang thil tih tibuaitu (e.g., naupang dangte inkhelh laiin a zuang a, phalna nei lovin mi infiamna a la).
• Hmun khata awm i duh huna zuang, lawn, tlan , emaw, rilru hahdam lo taka awm.
• "On the move" emaw "motor ang maia" emaw a ni fo thin.
• An turn hmain thu an sawi a, a nih loh leh midang sentence an ti zo vek a ni.
• Beisei aia tam thusawi.

ADHD awm chhante chu engte nge ni?

ADHD hi genetic a ni a . Chumi awmzia chu i fa chu a piang a, chu chuan thluak than danah inthlak danglamna engemaw zat a thlen a, chu chuan genetic changes a nei tihna a ni. Hei hi ‘neurodivergence’ kan ti a ni. A awlsam zawngin an thluak hi a wire danglam deuh a ni. Vawi tam tak chu heng ADHD thlentu genetic changes te hi chhungkuaah a kal thin. ADHD nei naupangte hian nu leh pa dik tak emaw, unau emaw, he natna vei an nei thei.

Zirchiangtute chuan ADHD hian thluak a nghawng dan hi an la chhui chhuak mek a ni. Tun thlenga kan hriat chu i fain ADHD a neih hian an thluak hmalam (frontal lobe) a nghawng a, chu chuan ‘directed attention’ hman a ti harsa zawk a ni. ‘Directed attention’ tih hi kan ngaihven bik loh thila kan rilru kan pek theihna hi a ni a, ngaihtuah teh, sikula zirtirtu thusawi ngaihthlak emaw, homework tih ang chi te.

He ‘directed attention’ hi ruahmanna siam nan, multitask atan leh harsatna chinfel nan kan hmang thin. Hei hi ‘executive functions’ an ti a. Kan chhehvela thil dang kan ngaihven a awm chuan ‘directed attention’ hman tur chuan chakna nasa tak a ngai a ni.

I fain ADHD a neih chuan, a tih tur tak takte ngaihtuah turin mi pangngai aiin chakna a mamawh tam zawk a ni. Hei hian a awmzia chu sikul atanga chau taka a lo haw hnuah, i fa chuan a tlangpuiin thil awlsam anga lang, a kawr dah emaw, a bag dah emaw ang chi hna chu a ti duh lo mai thei a, a chhan chu chutiang hna ‘basic’ tih tur chuan a mamawh focus a neih loh vang a ni.

A lehlamah chuan i fa hian thluak pangngai (‘neurotypical’) nei naupangte aiin ‘automatic attention’ a hmang thiam zawk a ni. Hei hi kan ngaihven zawng thila kan ngaihtuahna kan hmanna a ni. Hei hian ‘hyperfocus’ an tih, darkar khat chhunga thil pakhat tih theihna min pe a ni. I fa chuan he ‘hyperfocus’ hi hobby emaw infiamna emaw lama thiam tak tak nih nan emaw, thil tum thenkhat tihhlawhtlin nan emaw a hmang thei a ni.

ADHD vei theihna tur risk factors te chu engte nge ni?

Mithiamte chuan mi thenkhat chuan ADHD vei duhna gene an nei niin an ngai. Chu chu, chu genes chuan chu mi chuan ADHD a neih theihna a tipung tihna a ni. Mahse, chutih lai chuan boruak thil engemaw tak a rawn lang a, ADHD a lo awm ta a ni.

Environment risk factors te chu:

• Nausen stage chhunga toxin thenkhat nena inzawmna. Entirnan, naupai laiin zuk leh hmuam, zu in emaw, lead emaw ang chi toxins nena inzawmna.
• Nau piang rit hniam (a rihna a hniam chuan a hlauhawmna a sang zawk).
• Hun hmaa nau neih.

ADHD avanga harsatna awm thei te chu engte nge ni?

ADHD hian i fain mahni inngaihtuahna leh a chhehvel khawvel nena an inpawh dan a nghawng thei a ni. Damdawi taka enkawl a nih loh chuan, ., i fa chuan hetiang hi a tawng thei a ni:

• Mahni inngaihsakna hniam tak neih .
• School grade hniam leh an theihna zawng zawng hlen chhuah theih lohna.
• Khawtlang dinhmuna harsatna neih (a tam zawk chu ṭhiante nuihzat vang emaw, anmahni nena inpawh duh loh vang emaw a ni).
• Puitlingah chuan ruihhlo hmansualna (substance use disorder) vei theihna a sang chho.
• Accident leh hliam tuar fo thin .
• Puitling hunah hna hmuh leh vawn nun harsat.

Doctor-te hian engtin nge ADHD hi an hriat theih?

Doctor-te chuan ADHD hi natna lanchhuahna thenkhat awm leh awm loh a\angin an hmuchhuak \hin. Anni hian internationally accepted guide , DSM-5-TR atanga criteria an hmang thin.

I fain ADHD a vei tih hriat theih nan a hnuaia mi zawng zawng hi i zawm vek tur a ni:

• I fa hian category pakhat (inattention emaw hyperactivity/impulsivity) atanga symptom paruk tal a nei tur a ni. A nih loh leh, category tin atanga symptom paruk tal (a vaiin sawm leh pahnih emaw a aia tam emaw).
• Kum 12 an tlin hmain symptoms hi a lo intan tawh tur a ni .
• Hmun hnih tal (e.g., in leh sikula) ah natna lan chhuah dan a awm tur a ni.
• Chu natna lan chhuah dan chuan naupang nitin thiltih leh ṭhian nihna a tibuai tur a ni .
• Damdawi lam thil dang chu heng natna lan chhuahna chhan hi a ni tur a ni lo.

ADHD hriat theihna tur lab test (thisen emaw zun emaw test ang chi) a awm lo. Chu ai chuan doctor-te chuan ‘ADHD assessment’ an ti zawk thin . Hei hian i fate nungchang hriat belh nân nangmah, i fa leh mi dangte (ṭhiante, chhûngte, zirtîrtute ang chi) biak a huam a ni.

Diagnosis hi step thum-ah a awm a:

1. Ngaihtuahna leh thiltih nena inzawm nungchang hriatchhuah.

2. Heng thiltih chhan dang ( depression emaw anxiety emaw ang chi) a awm loh nan fimkhur rawh.

3. Co-occurring condition dang a awm leh awm loh enfiah thin ang che.

ADHD nei naupangte hian rilru lam hriselna lama harsatna dang pawh an nei fo thin. Entir nan:

• Hlauhthawnna
• Lungngaihna
• Oppositional defiant disorder a ni

Neurodevelopmental disorder dang, autism emaw, zirlai harsatna emaw pawh an nei thei bawk . I fa doctor chuan heng natna dangte hi hriatchhuah emaw, paih chhuah emaw theih nan evaluation dang neih belh a rawt thei bawk.

ADHD enkawlna chungchangah eng nge ka hriat tur?

ADHD enkawlna hi chi hnih ah then a ni a, chungte chu:Behavioral interventions (practical skills zirtirtu) leh damdawi (pharmacotherapy) te . Enkawl dan tur chu mi kum leh mimal mamawh dan azirin a inang lo ang.

I fain ADHD a neih chuan an doctor chuan heng zinga pakhat emaw a aia tam emaw a rawt thei ang:

• Nu leh pa zirtirna: Therapist-te chuan i fate chaknate tihchangtlun dan tur leh harsatna thlentu nungchangte tihchangtlun dan tur an zirtir che a ni. Entîr nân, i fate tâna tih dân tûr siam dân i zir a, nungchang ṭha neihte i fuih a, nungchang ṭha lote chhân lêt i zir bawk. Hei hi a pawimawh hle a ni .
• Social skills groups: I fa chuan social skills training group-te hi a hlawkpui thei a ni. Heng pawlte hi kar khatah darkar khat emaw darkar hnih emaw an inkhawm a, a tlangpuiin kar 6-12 chhung an inkhawm thin. I fa chuan enkawlna hnuaia a rualpuite nena inpawh tawnna tur thiamna thar a zir ang.
• Damdawi (`Pharmacotherapy`): ADHD damdawi hian i fate’n ‘focused attention’ a hman theihna a tichak a ni. Hei hian symptoms a titha thei a, a pawimawh zawk chu an nunphung leh inlaichinna quality a titha thei bawk. Doctor-te chuan i fa chu damdawi hnathawh dan leh naupangin side effect a neih leh neih loh an enfiah thin. A tul angin damdawi chi leh a dose an thlak danglam thei bawk.

ADHD enkawlna tum ber chu naupangin an nitin nun a kalpui danah symptoms tihchangtlun a ni. Naupang naupang zawk (kum 4 leh 5) tan chuan doctor-te chuan damdawi an pek hmain nu leh pate zirtir an rawt a ni. Naupang kum upa zawk, tleirawl leh puitling tan chuan enkawlna tha ber chu nungchang lama inrawlhna leh damdawi hmanga inkawp hi a ni tlangpui.

Tunah hian traditional ‘talk therapy’ emaw ‘play therapy’ emaw hian ADHD symptoms te hi direct-in a pui tih finfiahna a la awm lo. Mahse, i fa doctor chuan chutiang enkawlna chu co-occurring condition dang (anxiety ang chi) tan chuan a rawt thei a ni.

Engtin nge ka fa chu in lamah ka puih theih ang?

Parenting training hian nitin i hman theih tur technique tangkai tak tak a zirtir che a ni. Doctor-te pawhin i fa mamawh bik ang zela thurawn an pe thei bawk. A tlangpuiin, i fate tanpui theihna tur thil engemaw zat chu hetiang hi a ni. (Hengte hi i doctor-in a rawt damdawi pawh tiamin, enkawlna thlakna tur a ni lo.)

• Nitin i fa mamawh thilte chu buatsaih rawh. Engkim hian hmun a nei tur a ni a, engkim hi a hmunah a awm tur a ni. Hei hian thawmhnaw, bag leh sikul bungrua te a huam a ni. Checklist chuan thil inrual taka awm reng tûrin a ṭanpui thei a ni.
• Routine pakhatah lut rawh. Zing i thawh atanga zan mut thlengin nitin tih dan inang chiah hi zawm thin ang che. He routine hian homework leh inkhelh hun a huam tur a ni. ADHD nei naupang tan chuan consistency hi a pawimawh hle.
• I fain a hmuh theihna tur calendar emaw planner emaw hmang rawh.Hriat nawn tirna pawimawh tak tak, mawhphurhna leh thil thlengte ziakna hmun siam rawh. Heng hmanrua te hi naupang tê leh puitling tleirawl hun hman dan kawnga harsatna tawkte tan chuan a ṭangkai hle thei a ni .
• "Naupang chu thil tha a tih laiin man rawh." Thiltih \ha tak takte kawhhmuh hian naupang chu an tih tur a zirtir a ni. Nu leh pate chuan nungchang mawi lo chauh an ngaihtuah hian chu nungchang chu a pung chho zel a ni. Naupang hrem hian an tih loh tur a zirtir chauh a ni.
• Discipline tha tak pe rawh. Thiltih dik tak lawmman pekna tur system mumal tak siam rawh. Thiltih \ha lo chu kawng dang hmangin chhan let la, chu chu ``time out'' pek emaw, chanvo laksak emaw ang chi hi a ni.
• I homework tihna tur hmun thlang rawh. I homework tih theihna tur hmun reh tak, thil buaithlak lo leh thil tihbuai awm lohna hmun siam rawh.
• Timer siam rawh. Homework neih hun tur ruahman rawh. I fain a tih zawh loh chuan chawlh rei vak lo la, tihfel hun thar siam rawh.
• Thawhrimna leh tihfelna chu fak rawh. I fa chu hna thawh zawh loh entir ai chuan an hna thawh zawh tawh chu lawmman pe rawh.

ADHD hi rualbanlohna a ni em?

Ni e, ram thenkhatah chuan, entirnan, Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) chuan ADHD hi hmasawnna lama harsatnaah a ngai a. Hetiang dinhmun hian i fate nitin thiltih a nghawng thei a, sikula zirlai pawh a nghawng thei a ni. Chuvangin, i fa hian sikulah tanpuina dang a mamawh thei a, chu chu ``special education`` leh/ emaw ``modified instruction.`` Hemi chungchang hi i fa doctor leh school nen sawiho rawh.

Engtikah nge Doctor ka hmuh ang?

I fain ADHD a nei nia i hriat chuan an naupang enkawltu doctor nen inbiakna neihpui rawh . ADHD an hmuchhuak thei (or rule out) thei a, i fain a tul anga enkawlna a dawn theih nan an enfiah thei bawk. I fa chu medical checkup (`well-checks`) neihpui turin hruai ngei ang che. Hei hi an naupang enkawltu doctor-in an hmasawnna a enfiah theih nan leh enkawlna tul dang a pek theih nan a ni.

ADHD symptoms i nei thei nia i ngaih chuan (puitling pawhin ADHD an nei thei!) doctor nen inbia ang che. Puitling anga diagnosis hmuh theihna tur step hrang hrangah an hruai thei che a ni. Tin, natna dang, symptom inang nei te pawh an enfiah thei bawk.

ADHD hi eng chen nge a awm?

ADHD hi a reh lo va, dam chhung zawnga awm a ni. Mahse nunna atana hlauhawm tak a nih a ngai lo. ‘I paih’ thei lo a, mahse enkawl a nih chuan i natna lan chhuah dan chu a thunun thei zawk a ni.Enkawlna \ha tak tak avang hian mi thenkhat chuan puitling an nih veleh ADHD symptoms chungchangah harsatna an nei tawh lo. Mahse midang tan chuan a natna lanchhuahna hian an nitin nun a la nghawng reng a ni. Doctor-te chuan mimal tinte mamawh ang zela enkawlna an siam \hin.

ADHD hi thluak lama harsatna emaw, chhiatna emaw a ni lo. Mi zawng zawng a nghawng dan a inang lo deuh.

Chuvângin, i dinhmun chu i nei ve tho a nih pawhin, i fa chuan thiltawn danglam tak a nei thei a ni. An symptoms chu i symptoms aiin a na zawk emaw, a na zawk emaw pawh a ni thei. Tin, an symptom (nangmah ang bawkin) pawh hun kal zelah a danglam thei bawk.

I fa hian ADHD a nei nia i ngaih a nih chuan, emaw, a vei tih hmuhchhuah a nih chuan zawhna tam tak i nei ngei ang. Remember, this condition is very common , doctor-te pawhin an zir belh zel bawk. I fa doctor-te chuan i zawhnate chu an chhang thei a, i fate ṭanpui theih dan tur ṭha ber hriatthiamna kawngah an pui thei che a ni.

A tawp berah chuan thil hriat reng tur

ADHD hi hlauh tur a ni lo. Thluak hnathawh dan inthlak danglamna fiah lo tak a ni. A natna chu uluk taka enfiah a, enkawl a nih a, leh hmangaihna nena ṭanpuina a awm chuan, ADHD nei naupang pawhin nun hlawhtling tak, hlim tak a nei thei a ni. I fa chungchangah ngaihtuahna i neih chuan damdawi lam thurawn lak chu a tlai ngai lo. Nangmah chauh i ni lo tih hre reng ang che , he zinkawngah hian pui thei tur che mi tam tak an awm bawk. I fa chaknate hre chiang la, hmangaihna leh dawhthei takin thlawp rawh.

` ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, naupang rilru hriselna, nungchang lama harsatna, neurodivergence