Khawvel hriat hlawh tak nurse pakhatin a hmuhchhuah: Antibiotics chanchin thup

Kan dam chhung hian engtik lai pawhin antibiotic kan hmang vek tawh a ni lawm ni? Bacteria infection kan neih hian doctor-in min pek pill te tak te hi a mak tak zet a ni. Mahse, heng nunna chhanhim thei damdawi hnuaia thawnthu awmte hi mi engzat nge hria? Historic-ah hian thawnthu thenkhat chu rangkachak letter-a ziah a nih laiin, pasaltha leh pasaltha thenkhat chanchin erawh chu hun kal tawha sands-in a khuh a ni. Vawiin hian chutiang mi thup, mahse pawimawh tak tak pakhat chungchang kan sawi dawn a ni. A hming chu Mattiedna Johnson a ni.

He Matilda Johnson hi tu nge ni?

Matilda Johnson hi a hnathawhna lamah chuan microbiologist a ni lo va, nurse a ni. Mahse chu chuan mi maktaduai tam tak nunna chhanhim thei tur antibiotics zawng chhuak tura intlansiaknaa a puih chu a titawp lo. Kum 1918-a Mississippi-a loneitu chhungkaw rethei tak aṭanga piang Matilda hi lehkha zir thiam tak a ni. School-ah pahnihna a ni a, a hnuah nursing school a zir zawm a, registered nurse hna thawkin hna a thawk ta a ni. Chutih lai, chu chu kum 1930 chho leh kum 40 chho vel khan America ramah natna pakhat ‘scarlet fever’ an tih chu a darh nasa hle a ni. Naupang tê tête a nghawng tam ber. Khatih hunlai khan antibiotics tel lo chuan he natna vei naupang zinga 20% vel chu an thi thin. Chu chu a hlauhawm zia chu han ngaihtuah teh. Ni khat chu Matilda hnathawhna damdawi ina scarlet fever vei tan ward ruat-ah chuan naute te tak te pakhat chu a kuah a thi a. Thil thleng chu a theihnghilh thei ngai lo.

Natna thi thei lo leh beiseina eng

Kum 1944-ah chuan Indopui II-na a lo thleng dawn ta a, damdawi siamtu company-te chuan penicillin ang chi antibiotics siam chhuah tumin an bei nasa hle a. U.S. War Department chuan penicillin siamchhuah chu thil pawimawh ber a nih thu a lo puang tawh a ni. Hetih lai hian chanchinbu Matidna-ah advertisement a hmu a, he research project-a tel turin a dil a ni. University of Minnesota-a Professor CM Christensen-a chuan a la lut ta a ni. Farm-a seilian a nih laiin, jelly, butter, leh sahbawn siam a tawnhriat chu scientific process-a mold isolate-na kawngah a ṭanpui hle a ni. Mold chi hrang hrang hmangin hna a thawk a. Mahse a ngaihven bik chu tomato soup-a a hmuh mold pakhatah a ni. He mold hi scarlet fever thlentu bacteria-ah a luhtir a ni. A result pawh a hlawhtling hle.Heng sample te hi a chunga hotute hnenah a pe a, mahse chhanna a dawng lo. Kum 1946-ah chu hna chu chhuahsanin Liberia ramah missionary hna thawkin a kal ta a ni. Kum sawm tawp lamah chuan natna hlauhawm tak, scarlet fever chu antibiotics vangin awlsam taka enkawl theih a ni ta a ni.

Zahawmna tlakchhamna? "Matilda Effect" tih hi a ni.

A hnuah chauh Matidna chuan Pfizer hian kum 1949 khan damdawi oxytetracycline chu Terramycin tih hming puin patent a file tih a hre ta a ni. Scarlet fever damdawi tha ber ni lo mah se, tunlaia hman mek damdawi chak tak a la ni reng a ni. Zawhna awm thei chu: he damdawi hi tomato soup-a Matidna hmuh chhuah mold atanga siam a ni em? Matidna chuan a ring tlat a. Tûn laia mithiam ṭhenkhat chuan a thil hmuhchhuah chu chawimawina pêk a ni lo niin an sawi. Tin, he damdawi hi "mice hlauhawm tak" a tih vangin Terramycin tia vuah a nih a ring bawk. Mahse Pfizer hian Matidna hi penicillin project-a tel ve a nih thu chauh a pawm a ni. An patent chu mi pathum hnenah an hlan a ni. Hei hi Matilda chauh a ni lo. Tunhma zawng zawngah hian science lama thawhhlawk tak tak hmeichhiate ngaihthah an nihna tam tak a awm tawh a. Historian Margaret Rossiter pawhin kum 1993 khan hming a vuah a - "Matilda effect" tih hi a ni. Science lama hmeichhiate thawhhlawkzia ngaihthah emaw, mipa hnena chawimawina pek emaw duhna a ni.

Rawngbawlna atana inpe nun

Matidna chanchin hi a zirchiannaah a tawp lo. A nun pum pui chu rawngbawlnaah a inpe a ni. Liberia rama missionary hna a thawh hnuin America ramah a kir leh a, Cleveland-ah a insawn a, kohhran basement-ah class zirtirna pein nurse-te a zirtir a ni. Hna ropui tak dang a thawk bawk. Chutih lai chuan a kohhran chuan kar khatah vuina vawi thum vel an nei thin. "Heng mite hi an thih chhan hriat kan duh a ni," tiin a lehkhabuah a ziak. Ngaihtuah teh, Matidna hian tunlai khawi hmunah pawh awlsam taka kan tih theih tur he ‘pressure check’ hi siam turin hmahruaitu step a la a. Chu bakah, chutih laia mipa hring nurse-te tana chi inthliarna lama harsatna awmte chu nasa takin a dodal bawk. American Nurses Association-a mipa hring aiawh an awm loh avangin a lungawi lo hle a, nurse dang 14 nen kum 1971 khan National Black Nurses Association an din a, tunah chuan he pawl hian member 300,000 chuang an nei tawh a ni. Matidna Johnson hi kum 2003 khan kum 85 mi niin a thi a, mahse a chanchin te, a inpekna te, science leh mihringte tana a rawngbawlna te hian tun thlengin zirlai ropui tak min la zirtir a ni. Nurse ni mahse microbiology ang chi field-ah hian eng chen nge nghawng a neih? Kan hriatna te, kan talent te, kan ngaihvenna te hian tawp chin a nei lo tih a tilang a ni. Matilda Johnson, antibiotics, nurse, science, hmeichhe thawhhlawkzia, Matilda effect, penicillin, scarlet fever