HIV tih thumal i hriat hian tlemin i hlauthawng a, i hlauthawng deuh a ni mai thei. Chu chu thil pangngai a ni. Mahse hlau leh inthup ai chuan a pawimawh ber chu hriat chian tawk leh hriselna enkawl hi a ni. Chuvangin vawiinah hian he HIV test hi eng nge a nih, engtin nge kan neih theih ang, engvangin nge a pawimawh tih hi, awlsam takin i hrethiam thei ang bera sawi ila.
I lo en hmasa phawt ang u, he HIV test hi eng nge ni?
A awlsam zawngin HIV test hian i taksaah HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) an tih virus i nei em tih a enfiah thin. HIV hi mipat hmeichhiatna hmanga kai theih a ni. He virus hian kan taksa immune system , natna dotu a bei thin. Tichuan kan taksain natna a do theihna chu a tlahniam zauh zauh a.
Mi tam tak chuan HIV i kai chuan AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) i vei ngei ang tiin an ngai . Mahse chutiang chu a ni lo. HIV hrik i kai a nih pawhin, a hmaa i hriat chhuah a, enkawl dan mumal tak i dawn chuan AIDS lo awm tur chu i veng thei a ni. Nun hrisel, pangngai takin i nung thei bawk. Chuvang chuan HIV test neih a pawimawh em em a ni. Infection i nei tih i hriat hma chuan enkawlna i tan thuai thei a, i immune system pawh i tichak thei bawk.
Tuna HIV test hi a hmasawn tawk a, he virus hi dik takin a hmuchhuak thei a, chuvangin a result hi i ring thei a ni.
HIV hmuhchhuahna atana test chi hrang hrangte chu engte nge ni?
HIV endikna atan hian test chi thum a awm a. Heng test-naah hian i thisen sample (vein emaw finger prick emaw) emaw, i hmui tui sample emaw hman theih a ni. Eng nge an nih i han thlir teh ang.
| Test chi hrang hrang | Hemiah hian eng nge i hmuh? | Point pawimawh tak tak |
|---|---|---|
| Nucleic Acid test (NAT) hmanga enfiah a ni. | Hei hian thisenah virus (HIV RNA) a awm leh awm loh a enfiah nghal a ni. Thisen a virus awm zat (viral load) a check thei bawk. | Hei hi hri kai hmuhchhuah thuai theihna test a ni. Mahse a man a to deuh. A tlangpuiin tih hmasak a ni lo. Symptoms a awm chuan emaw, hri kai tih finfiah a ngai a nih chuan tih a ni. |
| Antigen/Antibody Test neih a ni | Virus ai chuan virus kaihhnawih thil pahnih a en a. Pakhat chu antigen a ni . Hei hi virus taksa chhunga a luh dawna immune system tichaktu (p24) a ni. Thil pahnihna chu antibody a ni . Hei hi kan taksain hri dona atana a siam protein bik a ni. | He test hi tih hmasak a ni fo. Antibodies hmaah thisenah antigens a lo lang thin avangin infection chu tlem a hma deuhin a man thei a ni. |
| Antibody Test a ni | Hei hian kan taksain HIV virus laka antibody a neih leh neih loh a enfiah chauh a ni. | Rapid test leh at-home kit tam tak chu he category-ah hian a tel a ni. Mahse, antibodies lo awm tur hian hun rei tak a mamawh avangin hri kai hnu ni engemaw zat chhung chu a lang lo. |
A pawimawh ber chu i test hmasa berah HIV (positive) i nei tih a hriat chuan, chu chu finfiah nan test pakhat emaw a aia tam emaw i tih a ngai ngei ang.
Tute nge HIV test tur leh engtikah nge test tur?
World Health Organization rawtna angin kum 15 leh 65 inkar mi zawng zawng chu an dam chhungin vawi khat tal HIV test neih vek tur a ni . A chhan chu HIV hrik kai hi a tir lamah chuan asymptomatic a ni thei. Chuvangin test neih chauh hi virus i vei em tih hriat theihna awmchhun a ni. Tin, hriat loh vanga midang hnena hri kai darh loh nan a pui bawk.
Tin, special case thenkhatah leh risk sang zawk nei tan chuan test tam zawk neih a tha.
Mimal risk sang tak takte screening neih fo
HIV hi mipat hmeichhiatna hmanga inkaichhawn leh taksa tui leh hri kai thisen inthlengna hmanga kai a ni ber. Chuvangin, a hnuaia risk group zinga pakhat i nih chuan kum khatah vawi khat tal test neih hi a finthlak hle ang .
- HIV vei kawppui nen sex i hman (condom ang chi invenna hmanrua hmang lovin) i neih chuan.
- I kawppui HIV dinhmun chiang taka i hriat loh chuan.
- Sex partner pakhat aia tam i neih chuan.
- Mipain mipa nen sex an hman chuan.
- HIV ni lo, mipat hmeichhiatna lama kai theih natna (STI) dang i neih chuan (a chhan chu chutih hunah chuan HIV kai theihna a sang zawk a ni).
- Ruihhlo inject turin midangte nen needle i insem a nih chuan.
I risk a zirin eng chen nge i test tur tih doctor hnenah thurawn dil a tha ber.
A bik takin hre reng ang che: Engti kawng pawhin mipat hmeichhiatna lama tihduhdah i nih chuan doctor hmu nghal la, HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) tih damdawi chungchang sawi rawh. Hei hi HIV kai tawh nia rinhlelhna a awm chuan HIV laka invenna atana damdawi pek thin a ni. Mahse he enkawlna hi a hlawhtlin theih nan chuan thil thleng atanga darkar 72 chhungin tan a ngai a ni.
Naupai laia HIV test neih thin
Naupai laiin HIV test neih a tha hle. Hei hi a chhan chu HIV hi nu atanga naute dangah a kai theih avangin nau piang lai emaw, nau hnute pek hmangin emaw a kai theih vang a ni. Chuvang chuan naupai thla thum hmasa berah test neih a pawimawh hle. HIV hmuhchhuah a nih chuan naupai laiin enkawl tan theih a ni a, naute chu nu hnena hri kai theih lohna tur chu a pumpelh vek thei a ni.
Sri Lanka ramah khawiah nge HIV test ka neih theih ang?
HIV test neih i duh chuan Sri Lanka-ah hian hmun engemaw zat a awm a, chu chu test theihna tur hmun engemaw zat a awm.
- Sawrkar damdawi in leh damdawi in: Hemi chungchang hi i hnaih ber sorkar damdawi in emaw, damdawi in emaw ah i zawt thei ang.
- National Sexually Transmitted Diseases/AIDS Control Program (NSACP) Clinics: Sri Lanka ram pumah district level-a awm heng clinic-te hian HIV test leh counselling service a thlawna leh thuruk takin an pe a ni.
- Private hospital leh laboratory: Private hospital thenkhat pawhin he test hi man chawiin an ti thei bawk.
Pawimawh ber: "Window Period" chungchang hi i zir chiang ang u.
Hei hi mi tam takin kan hrethiam kim loh a ni a, mahse hriat chian a pawimawh hle. HIV chu taksaa a luh veleh test hmanga hriat theih a ni lo. Virus hian detectable level a thlen theih nan hun engemaw chen a ngai a ni. Virus i kai ni atanga test hmanga hriat theih ni inkar hun hi "window period" kan tih hi a ni.
He window chhung hian i test chuan virus kai i nih pawhin result chu "Negative" angin a rawn let leh thei a ni. Chuvangin, a hun takah test i nei em tih hriat a pawimawh hle.
| Test chi hrang hrang | Infection hnu eng chen nge a hriat theih ang? (window hun chhung) . |
|---|---|
| Nucleic acid test (NAT) hmanga enfiah a ni. | Exposure atanga ni 10 leh ni 33 inkarah . |
| Antigen/Antibody Test neih a ni | Vein atanga thisen lak a nih chuan ni 18 leh 45 inkar a ni . Fingerstick atanga thisen i lak chuan ni 18 leh 90 inkar a ni ang . |
| Antibody test (rapid test) tih a ni. | Exposure atanga ni 23 leh ni 90 inkarah . |
Hei hian risk event a thlen hnu ni engemaw zat i test a, "Negative" a rawn let leh a nih chuan 100% a dik lo tihna a ni. Ringhlelna i neih chuan confirm turin window period inzawm a liam hnuah test leh a him ber.
Test zawhah result i zawng chhuak ang u.
Test result hi "negative" emaw "positive" emaw pawh a ni thei.
A result chu "Negative" a nih chuan...
Chumi awmzia chu test-naah hian i taksaah HIV virus a awm leh awm loh a hmuchhuak lo tihna a ni. Hei hian thil pahnih a kawk thei a:
1. HIV kai i ni lo.
2. Window period chhunga i test tawh avangin taksaah virus a awm tawk lo a, chu chu a hmuchhuak thei lo.
Chuvangin, rinhlelhna i la neih chuan window period a liam hnuah test leh la, a hmaa kan sawi tawh ang khan.
A result a negative a nih pawhin nakin lawkah HIV laka invenna tura hmalak a la pawimawh hle. Hei hian condom ang chi hmanraw him hman leh risky sexual behavior pumpelh te a huam a ni. High-risk group-a awm i nih chuan, .I doctor nen nitin HIV kai tur venna damdawi PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis) , chungchang sawipui rawh.
A result chu "Positive" a nih chuan...
A hmasa berah chuan hlau suh . Results tha tak chu i nun tawpna a ni lo. I taksaah HIV hrik i nei tihna a ni. Mahse hei hi nemnghet turin test tlemte i tih belh a ngai a ni.
HIV hrik i kai tih finfiah a nih chuan i doctor chuan enkawlna tur ruahmanna a siam tan ang che. Heng damdawi, antiretroviral therapy (ART) tia koh te hian i taksaa virus awm chu a control thei a, i immune system a tichak a, dam rei tak, hrisel taka nun theihna hun remchang a pe bawk.
Tûn laia inenkawlnate chu a changkang êm êm a, damdawi eitu thisena virus awm chu hriat theih loh khawpin a tlahniam thei a, test-ah pawh hriat theih loh khawpin a tlahniam thei a ni. Mi pakhat atanga mi dang hnena hri kai theihna risk chu zero hnaih a ni.
Hemi chungchang hi i sexual partner hriattir a, anmahni pawh test tir hi i mawhphurhna a ni bawk. Heng zawng zawng atan hian i doctor leh counselor-te chuan kaihhruaina leh rilru lam puihna tul tak tak an pe ang.
Take-Home Thuchah a ni
- HIV test neih hi hlauh tur a ni lo. I hriselna enkawl dan tur tha tak a ni.
- Kum 15-65 inkar zawng zawng tan dam chhungin vawi khat tal HIV test neih a pawimawh. Risk i neih chuan test fo thin ang che.
- HIV hi a hmaa hriatchhuah a nih poh leh inenkawl theihna leh nun hrisel neih theihna chance a sang zawk thin.
- Test i tih dawnin "window period" kha ngaihven ngei ang che. Ringhlel i neih chuan window period a liam hnuah retest leh ang che.
- HIV positive nih hi i nun tawpna a ni lo. Tunlai inenkawlna changkang tak tak hmang hian nun pangngai, hrisel leh rei tak i nung thei a ni.
- Hemi chungchangah hian zawhna emaw rinhlelhna emaw i neih chuan i doctor nen inbia ang che .
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