Engvangin nge mi thenkhatin glasses an mamawh? Mit lama harsatna leh a chinfel dan (Glasses leh Contact Lenses) .

I thianpa hian glasses a mamawh loh laiin engvangin nge i ngaihtuah ngai em? A nih loh leh, engvângin nge mi ṭhenkhatin lehkhabu chhiar tûrin glasses an mamawh a, ṭhenkhatin hla taka hmuh theih nân glasses an mamawh? Kan mit hi a danglam tak zet a, a danglam bik hle. A chang chuan mit chhunga peng te te te an thawk ho tha lo a nih chuan chiang takin kan hmu thei lo. Mahse lungngai suh, hei hi pui turin glass leh contact lens a awm. Vawiin hian he thu hi chipchiar takin sawi ila, kan sawi dawn em ni?

Engtin nge kan mit hian hna a thawh? Mak tak mai a ni lawm ni?

I mit chu camera te tak te, complex tak angin ngaihtuah rawh. He camera hian "image" siam nan hian light hi a mamawh a ni. Mit chhungah hian he hna thawk thei tura puitu key part engemaw zat a awm a.

• Cornea: Hei hi mit chhunga thil chiang tak, darthlalang ang maia lang a ni. Mit chhunga êng a luh chuan a refracted hmasa ber a, a nih loh leh a ben hmasa a, mit chhungah cornea hmangin a hruai lut a ni. A dik tak chuan mit chhunga êng lut chu focus, a nih loh leh focus tih dan chu hetah hian a intan a ni.
• Iris: I mit chu a sen emaw, a sen emaw, a dum emaw, a dum emaw a nih leh nih loh chu he ``Iris''-a pigment-ah hian a innghat a ni. Hei hi taksa peng (muscular part) a ni.
• Zirlai: Hei hi `(Iris)` lai takah chuan circle dum te tak te a ni. Hei hi a takah chuan khur a ni. Camera `(aperture)` ang mai a ni. Eng a tam chuan he `(Pupil)` hi a te deuh a, êng a tlem chuan (thim lamah) a lian chho zel bawk. A hna ber chu mit chhunga êng lut zat control hi a ni.
• Lens: Hei hi `(Pupil)` hnung lama transparent part a ni a, glass te tak te ang mai a ni. `(Cornea)` hnuah chuan `(Lens)` hian êng chu a focus lehzual a, `(Retina)`-ah chiah a tla thla ta a ni. He `(Lens)`-a thil danglam bik chu a pianzia (muscle te tak te hmanga tih a ni) a tidanglam thei a, thil hnai tak tak bakah hmun hla tak tak te pawh chiang taka hmuh theih nan a pui thei che a ni.
• Retina: Hei hi mit hnung lama light-sensitive layer awm chu a ni. Camera-a `(sensor)` emaw, camera hlui-a `(film roll)` ang emaw a ni. `(Cornea)` leh `(Lens)` te hian êng an khawlkhawm chu he `(Retina)` chungah hian a tlak chuan chutah chuan lem a lo piang ta a ni. He `(Retina)` hian êng leh rawng sensitive tak tak, special cell (`(Photoreceptor cells)`) maktaduai tam tak a keng tel a ni. Heng cell te hian light chu electrical signal ah an chantir thin.

Tichuan, heng electrical signal te hi optic nerve kaltlangin thluak lamah an kal a. Thluak hian heng signal te hi a zirchiang a, "Hei hi i thlalak hmuh chu a ni," tiin min hrilh a. He mit te tak te chhunga thil thleng hi a mak khawp mai!

Engvangin nge mi zawng zawng hmathlir hi a inang vek loh? Heng mitdelte hi engte nge ni?

Kan kutziak ang chiah hian mi tin mit chu a danglam deuh vek a. Chumi awmzia chu mitmeng sei zawng, `(Cornea)` curvature, leh `(Lens)` pianzia te hi mi hrang hrangah a inang lo thei tihna a ni. Heng danglamna te hi mi thenkhatin glasses an mamawh a, thenkhatin an mamawh loh chhan a ni. Eng chu `(Retina)`-ah a focus dik loh chuan mit a fiah lo. Hengte hi refractive errors kan ti a . Refractive error chi hrang hrang kan hmuh ber berte hi han en ila.

1. Myopia emaw Nearsightedness emaw

Hei hi i hnaih ber thilte chu chiang taka hmuh theih a nih laiin, hla taka thil awmte chu a fiah lo deuh lai a ni. Hmun hla tak atanga TV en a, a thuziak a chiang lo ang mai a ni. Entirnan, class-a blackboard-a thuziak hmu thei lo naupang te, emaw, hla tak atanga bus sign chhiar thiam lo te hi an ni.

• Engvangin nge hetiang hi a lo awm? A awlsam zawngin i mitmeng chu a sei lutuk emaw, i ``Cornea'' emaw ``Lens'' emaw hian focusing power a nei tam lutuk emaw. Tichuan mit chhunga êng lut chu ``Retina'' lam chiah a ni lo va, a hma lam tlem a ni zawk.
• Engtin nge glasses hian hei hi a siamthat? `(Myopia)` vei te chu glasses concave lens (Concave lens / Minus power lens) nei pek an ni. Heng lens te hian light chu a diverge deuh a, chu chuan `(Retina)` ah direct in a tla thin.

2. Hyperopia emaw, Hmun hla tak atanga thlir theihna emaw

Hemi -ah hian thil hla tak takte chu chiang takin hmuh theih ni mah se, a bul hnaia thil awmte chu, a bîk takin lehkhabu chhiar lai te, phone en lai te, a nih loh leh puan siam lai te chuan a hlimthla ang maiin a lang. A chang chuan hnai taka hmuh tum hian mit a chau (`(mit strain)`) a, lu na a awm thei bawk. Naupang tête hian `(Hyperopia)` an neih hian a chang chuan mit chhung lam hawi (`(crossed eyes)` / `(Esotropia)`) an nei thei bawk.

• Engvangin nge hetiang hi a lo awm? Hei hi `(Myopia)` kalh zawng a ni. I mitmeng chu tlem a tawi lutuk emaw, i `(Cornea)` emaw `(Lens)` emaw hian focusing power a nei tlem lutuk emaw. Tichuan light chuan `(Retina)` hnung lamah focus a tum a (a dik zawka sawi chuan `(Lens)` hian `(Retina)` chunglam focus turin a thawkrim zawk a ngai a ni).
• Engtin nge glasses hmangin hei hi i siamthat theih ang? `(Hyperopia)` vei te chu convex lens (Convex lens / Plus power lens) nei glasses pek an ni. Heng lens te hian light chu an rawn hruai khawm (converge) a, `(Retina)` ah an rawn hruai lut thin.

3. Astigmatism tih hi a ni

Hei hi chak lohna chi danglam deuh a ni. Hetah hian , thil hnai leh hla tak takte chu a hlimthla angin a lang thei a, a châng chuan a inzawm khawm thei a, thlalak angin a lang thei bawk. Zanah lirthei i khalh hian light chhehvelah arsi puak (starburst) pawh i hmu thei bawk. Astigmatism pawh a awm thei a, chubakah Myopia emaw Hyperopia emaw pawh a awm thei bawk.

• Engvangin nge hetiang hi a lo awm?A tlangpuiin mit hrisel `(Cornea)` leh `(Lens)` te hi a zungbun a ni a, a sir zawng zawngah a inherna inang vek a, ball zungbun chunglam ang mai a ni. Mahse, `(Astigmatism) vei teah chuan `(Cornea)` (a tam zawkah chuan `(Cornea)`) leh `(Lens)` te hi oval / football ang deuh a ni a, a sir khatah curvature a tam zawk a, a sir lehlamah curvature a tlem zawk. Tichuan, kawng tin atanga êng lo chhuak chu a focus dan a inang lo va, hmun hrang hrangah a focus a ni. Chuvangin a lem chu a blurry leh stretched angin a lang.
• Engtin nge glasses hian hei hi a siamthat? Anni chuan a bik taka siam, cylindrical lens an hmang . Chungte chuan curvature inang lo chu an siam tha a, plane pakhatah light an focus a, mit hmuhna chiang tak a pe a ni.

4. Hmalam thlir theihna (Presbyopia) .

Hei hi natna a ni lo va, kum upat ruala lo awm thin natural change a ni. Kum 40-45 inkar mi tam zawkah a awm tlangpui. A hmaa mit hmuhna ṭha nei tawhte pawhin lehkhabu tê chhiar emaw, hnaih taka hna, needle thread ang chi emaw tih chu an harsat hle. Chuvangin chutiang kum lama mite chuan chanchinbu chhiar emaw, phone an en emaw hian an kut an phar tlem a, a chang chuan "kut a chau" tih an sawi thin.

• Engvangin nge hetiang hi a lo awm? Kan tar chhoh zel chuan kan mit chhunga `(Lens)` hian a flexibility a hloh zauh zauh a, chu chu awlsam taka a pianzia a thlak danglam theihna a ni. Kan naupan lai chuan he `(Lens)` hi awlsam takin a convex a, hnai taka kan en chuan a focus a ni. Mahse, kan upat deuh deuh chuan he theihna hi a tlahniam a, chuvangin hnai taka kan en a ngaih hunah chuan `(Lens)` hian a focus tha thei lo.
• Eng nge a chinfel dan? Hei atan pawh hian reading glasses i hmang thei a, bifocal lens emaw progressive lens emaw hmangin glass pahnih khat hmanga hla leh hnai pawh i hmu thei bawk.

Engvangin nge i mit enfiah hi a pawimawh em em?

I mit hmuhnaah inthlak danglamna i hmuh chuan – chu chu i hma angin i hmu chiang thei lo a, lu na i nei fo a, i mit a chau a ni – emaw, thil dik lo a awm lo a nih pawhin , kum khatah vawi khat tal mit enfiah a pawimawh hle. Nu leh pa kan nih angin kan fate hmathlir hi kan ngaihtuah bik tur a ni. A chhan chu an hmu thei lo tih an sawi lo mai thei. Tin, `(Diabetes Mellitus)` (Diabetes) ang chi natna nei te hian mit lamah harsatna an nei thei a, chuvangin mit enfiah fo a pawimawh hle.

Mit enfiah laiin eng nge tih tlangpui?

• Visual Acuity Test: Hei hi Snellen chart-a mit tin hmanga i chhiar thin a ni. Engtiang chiahin nge i hmuh theih tih leh eng chen nge i hmuh theih tih a teh a ni.
• Refraction Test: Hei hi Myopia, Hyperopia, Astigmatism i neih leh neih loh hriat nan hman a ni a, a awm a nih chuan eng power lens nge i mamawh tih hriat nan hman a ni. Lens pakhat hnu pakhat dahin i mit a test thin Phoropter an tih machine i hmu tawh mai thei.
• Mit pressure tehna (Tonometry): 1.1.Mit chhunga pressure hi teh a ni. Hei hi natna ``Glaucoma'' tih hriat nan a pawimawh hle.
• Dilated Eye Exam: A châng chuan mittui tlakna hnawih hmangin mitmeng chu a zau a, mit chhunga peng hrang hrang, retina leh optic nerve te chu hmanraw bik (ophthalmoscope leh slit lamp) hmangin an enfiah ṭhin.

Tu nge i lantir duh?

A tlangpuiin mit lam doctor chuan mit a enfiah a, glasses a pe thin. Heng refractive errors te hi diagnose tu an ni a, a siamthatna tur glass emaw contact lens emaw hmang tura rawtna siamtu an ni. Mahse, mit doctor (e.g., Glaucoma, Cataract, Retinal detachment) pan a ngai a nih chuan, thuk zawka enfiah, enkawlna, emaw, surgery emaw neih a ngai a nih chuan mit lam doctor i pan tur a ni Mit lam doctor pawhin a tul chuan mit lam doctor hnenah a refer thei bawk.

Glass emaw contact lens emaw hi a tha zawk em?

Tunah chuan doctor-in glasses i mamawh a tih chuan zawhna dang chu, 'Glass ka bun tur nge `(Contact Lenses)?' Hei hi mimal thutlukna a ni tak zet a ni. An pahnih hian thatna leh that lohna a nei ve ve.

Glasses (Thil mittui tlakna):

• A thatna te: 1.1.
• A bun leh chhuah a awlsam hle. Training bik a ngai lo.
• Mit hi direct-a khawih a nih loh avangin natna kai theihna a tlem hle.
• Maintenance a tlem hle. ``Solution`` bik a ngai lo, phihfai la, fai mai rawh.
• `(style)`, `(frame)`, leh rawng hrang hrang atang hian i thlang thei ang. I look-ah thil thar a rawn belhchhah a ni.
• Mit vawt leh allergy nei tan a tha ber.
• A that lohna: 1.1.
• Infiamna emaw, exercise emaw ṭhenkhat tih chu a harsa thei a, i tlu thei a, i tlu thei bawk.
• Ruah sur lai hian hmun lum atanga hmun vawt takah i insawn chuan vur a lo awm thei a ni.
• Mi thenkhat chuan an hmaiah rit tak tak an nei thei a, an hnar sir lehlamah hnar a awm bawk.
• Peripheral vision hi frame hian a tikhawlo deuh thei bawk.
• Mi thenkhat chuan an hmel lan danah an lungawi lo deuh mai thei.

Contact Lens te chu:

• A thatna te: 1.1.
• Hmaiah chuan darthlalang angin a lang lo va, natural look a pe a ni.
• Sports khel thin leh active life hmang thin tan chuan a awlsam hle. Tlan emaw, zuang emaw hian daltu a awm lo.
• Lateral vision tihkhawtlai a awm lo. Hmuh theihna field chu a famkim tawh a ni.
• Extreme Myopia leh Keratoconus ang chi corneal irregularities ang chi condition thenkhat tan chuan glasses hian mit hmuhna tha zawk, chiang zawk a pe thei a ni.
• Ruah sur leh vur tlak pawh harsatna a awm lo.
• A that lohna: 1.1.
• Faina lamah i fimkhur hle a ngai a ni. I lens i tihfai that loh chuan, i mut laiin i phelh loh chuan, doctor-in a tih anga i hman loh chuan mit natna na tak (`(mit natna khirh tak tak)`) leh mit natna (corneal ulcer) te i nei thei a ni. Hei hi a pawimawh ber a ni!
• A bun leh phelh thiam nan hun rei tak a ngai a, practice a ngai bawk.
• Mit vawt nei te chuan an rilru a hah thei a, an sen a, an hrual thei bawk.
• Glass aiin an man a to deuh thei (lens leh solution thlak fo ngai man to vang a ni).
• Mut hmain i la chhuak tur a ni (``extended wear lens'' chi hrang hrang bik awm mahse, chutiang pawh chu doctor-in a rawt chauh a ni).

Glasses leh contact lens te hi engtin nge kan enkawl ang?

I mit a fiah reng theih nan heng device pahnih hi enkawl a pawimawh hle a, chuti lo chuan i hlawkpui tha thei dawn lo a, `(Contact Lenses)` hian i mit pawh a tichhe thei bawk.

Glasses te chu:

• Hman loh hunah chuan ``case`` pek angin dah la. Chutiang chuan a hrual emaw, a chhe emaw a tlem zawk.
• Puan nêm (microfiber puan) leh lens tihfai theihna solution bik hmangin chauh silfai tur a ni. Kawr, sari, tissue kil khat hmangin silfai suh, hengte hian lens a ti hrual thei a ni.
• Table chunga mirror i dah dawnin lens te chu hnuai lam hawiin dah suh, a hrual thei a ni.
• I glass frame emaw lens emaw chu sahbawn khauh tak emaw, solvent emaw hmangin tifai suh.

Contact Lenses (hei hi hre reng ang che!)

I kut chu sahbawn leh tui hmanga uluk taka sil a, towel thianghlim hmanga vawt lovin ``Contact Lenses'' hi khawih ngai suh, dah la, paih ngai suh! Hei hi dan number one a ni.

• I lens te chu i doctor emaw mit lam doctor emaw-in a rawt disinfectant solution hmangin chauh tifai la, disinfect la, dah rawh. I contact lens te hi tap tui, bottle tui, hmui emaw, in lama siam saline solution-ah emaw dah ngai suh, silfai ngai suh, dah ngai suh. Hengte hian natna hrik na tak tak thlen thei natna hrik an keng tel thei a ni .
• Nitin i hman thin `(solution)` kha la chhuakin, `(solution) thar hmangin silfai la, boruakah dah la, a vawt turin i `Contact Lens Case` chu thianghlim takin vawng reng ang che. Thla thum danah vawi khat tal `(case)` thlak thin ang che.
• Mut hmain, inbual hmain, tui chawi hmain (pool emaw tuipuiah) i contact lens kha la chhuak hmasa phawt ang che.
• Doctor-in hun a pek aia rei `(lens)` chu hmang suh (e.g., nitin `(disposable lens)` chu ni khat atan a ni a, thla tin `(lens)` chu thla khat chhung atan a ni). Expired `(lens)` hmang suh.
• I mit a sen, a hring, a na, a hring emaw, tui a chhuak emaw a nih chuan i contact lens kha la chhuak nghal la, doctor pan rawh. I doctor-in a tih hma loh chuan dah leh suh.
• I contact lens hi tu hnenah mah share suh la, midang contact lens pawh vuah suh.

Hetiang thil hi a thleng a nih chuan doctor hmu ngei ang che! (Red Flags) tih a ni.

A chang chuan mit lama inthlak danglamna tenau te hi harsatna lian zawk chhinchhiahna a ni thei bawk. Chuvangin i hrilh danah fimkhur hle ang che, a chhan chu a hmaa enkawl hian a chang chuan mitdelna a veng thei a ni.

• Mit hmuh a tlahniam emaw, a fiah lo emaw (mit pakhat emaw, mit pahnih emaw-ah) i hmuh thut chuan .
• Mit na tak i neih chuan .
• I mit chu eng en lovin a sen lutuk nia i hriat emaw , i mit hian eng a tuar thei lo emaw (`(light sensitivity)`).
• Mit a sen, a hring, a mittui a tla reng a, a nih loh leh pus ang maia tui a chhuak a nih chuan.
• I mit hmaah hian black dots, webs, spider webs tam zawk i hmuh thut chuan emaw, êng eng chhuak i hmuh chuan emaw.
• Thil pahnih (`(double vision)`) i hmuh a , a intan thut chuan.
• Visual field thenkhat a bo ang maia lang (curtain tla ang maia) a nih chuan.

If something like this happens , mit lam doctor pan nghal la, tihkhawtlai lovin emaw, in lama damdawi pawh enchhin nghal rawh.

Chuvangin, kan sawi tawh (Take-Home Message) atanga hriat reng tur thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

Chuvangin, vawiin hian mit, glasses, leh `(Contact Lenses)` chungchang hi kan sawi nasa hle a ni lawm ni? Heng zawng zawng khaikhawmna atan hian hriat reng tur pawimawh ber berte chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Mi zawng zawng mit a inang lo vek a, chuvangin mi thenkhat tan glasses mamawh hi thil pangngai a ni a, zah tur a ni lo.
• I mit hmuh danah danglamna tlemte pawh i hmuh chuan doctor pan ngei ngei tur a ni a, i mit enfiah tir ngei ngei tur a ni. Natna hriat hmasak a nih chuan enkawl a awlsam zawk a, i mit i venghim thei bawk.
• I nunphung, i duhzawng, i mamawh leh i doctor thurawn a zirin glasses emaw contact lens emaw i vuah leh tur loh chu i rel ang.
• Contact lens i vuah chuan a fai reng theih nan fimkhur hle ang che. Hei hi i mit himna atan a pawimawh hle! Engtikah mah ngai lo la.
• Mit hi taksa peng hlu tak leh sensitive tak a ni. Chuvangin uluk takin enkawl rawh! Ei leh in tha, mut that leh computer screen atanga chawlh lak te pawh hi mit hriselna atan a pawimawh hle.

He thu hi i tanpui theih ka beisei. Zawhna dang i neih chuan doctor zawt hreh suh.

Eyeglasses, Contact Lenses, Mitdelna, Myopia, Hyperopia, Astigmatism, Presbyopia, Mit Exam, Mit hriselna, Refractive Errors