Glaucoma natna lan chhuah dan chu engte nge ni? Engtin nge kan hriat theih ang?
Vawi tam tak chu glaucoma hian a tir lamah chuan engmah a lantir lo . Hmelma rukbo ang maiin a rawn lut a. Chuvangin Sri Lanka rama mi tam tak chuan glaucoma an vei tih pawh an hre lo. A châng chuan mit tihchhiat leh tihdanglam theih loh a nih hnuah chauh symptoms a lang ṭan ṭhin.A lan chhuah dan tlangpui:
Hengte hi a lan chhuah dan tlangpui thenkhat chu an ni:- Mit natna emaw, pressure emaw hriat
- Lu na
- Mit sen emaw thisen chhuak emaw
- Thlalak pakhat chu pahnih anga hmuh , ``diplopia`` an tih dinhmun
- Mit hmuh a fiah lo
- Zawi zawiin mit hmuhna a chak lo
- Mit hmuhna hmun dum (scotomas) lo awm zauh zauh emaw, mit hmuhna hmun zim deuh emaw, tube hmanga en ang maia (tunnel vision) emaw. Chanchinbu i chhiar hian a sir khata lehkha awmte chu a fiah lo ang maiin, a nih loh leh kawngpuiah i kal laiin a sir lehlamah a fiah lo ang tih i ngaihtuah ang.
Ngaihtuah vat ngai symptoms te!
Glaucoma chi thenkhat, a bik takin angle-closure glaucoma hian symptom na tak a thlen nghal thei.Chutiang hunah chuan damdawi lam pan vat a ngai a, a nih loh leh mit hmuhna a tlahniam reng thei bawk. Hengte hi he emergency chhinchhiahnate hi a ni:- I mit dum hmaa thisen awmkhawm (hyphema) .
- Mit bulging emaw lian emaw (buphthalmos) (hei hian naupang te te a nghawng nasa zawk) .
- Mit na /pressure nen luak chhuak leh luak chhuak
- Light i en chuan a chhehvelah chuan rainbow rawng ring tak tak i hmu a. Zanah lirthei i khalh lai ang bawkin kawngpui light vel chu rawng hrang hranga inthuam i hmu thin.
- Mit hmaa floater (myodesopsias) (dot dum te te, hulls, etc.) lo awm nghal emaw, a pung zel emaw
- Engti kawng pawhin mit hmuhna hloh nghal mai
- Mit hmaa êng rawn eng nghal zung zung ( photopsias ) .
Engvangin nge glaucoma hi a lo awm? Eng nge a chhan?
Glaucoma thlentu ber chu i mit chhunga optic nerve tihchhiat vang a ni . Hei hi kan thil hmuhte thluak thlenga phurtu cable ang a ni. A chhan hriat lohvin a thleng thei a, mahse he dinhmun thlentu hi thil tam tak a awm a ni. Heng risk factor pawimawh ber pakhat chu mit chhunga pressure (intraocular eye pressure) hi a ni . Hetiang hian han ngaihtuah teh, kan mit chhungah hian mit chawm turin tui (fluid) aqueous humor an tih chu a lo chhuak fo thin. He tui hi mit dum kaltlangin mit hma lamah a luang lut a ni. Mit hrisel takah chuan he tui hi mit atang hian drainage system network hmangin a chhuak chhuak a, chu chu trabecular meshwork an ti a, chu chu mit var leh mit rawng (mit dum vel a rawng nei) nena inhmuhna hmun a ni. Tui tank, tui chhuahna tur pipe bun ang mai a ni. Glaucoma-ah chuan drainage system chu a block emaw, tui luang chhuak thei lo emaw a ni. He tui hian kalna tur a nei lo va, mit chhungah a lo pung khawm ta a ni. He tui tam lutuk hi a pungkhawm a, mit chhunga pressure a tisang a ni. A tawpah chuan he pressure sang hian i mit nerve a tichhe thei a, glaucoma a thlen thei a ni. Mit chhunga he tui lo awm chhan hi glaucoma i neih chi hrang hrang a zirin a danglam thei.Glaucoma chi hrang hrang a awm em?
Ni e, glaucoma chi hrang hrang a awm a, mahse zau takin chi hrang hrangah then theih a ni:- Primary open-angle glaucoma: Open-angle glaucoma chu mit var leh mit rawng nei pawn lam kil inzawmna hmun, drainage channels te chu a inhawng a ni. Heng channel-ah hian aqueous humor a luang lut a, mit hmalam chamber atang hian a luang chhuak thin. Hei hi glaucoma chi khat zingah chuan a tam ber a ni.Thil thleng chu, drain-te chu a khar zauh zauh a, sink drain-a bawlhhlawh a khat zauh zauh ang maiin. Hei hi a thleng zawi lutuk a, a tir lamah chuan symptoms a awm lo mai thei.
- Primary angle-closure glaucoma: A tlangpuiin mit hnunglam chamber atanga, sclera kaltlangin, hmalam chamber-ah aqueous humor a luang chhuak tur a ni. Mahse, a châng chuan, i mit lens chu hmalam pan lutukin a bulge a, sclera kal tlanga tui luang chhuak chu a tikhawlo ṭhin. Posterior chamber-a tui tam lutuk hian sclera chu hmalam pan turin a nawr thei a, chu chuan fluid chhuahna angle chu a ti tawi emaw, a khar vek emaw thei a ni. Hei hi thil thleng nghal, rang tak a ni thei fo. Mit a sen a, a na thei bawk.
- Secondary glaucoma: Hei hi thil dang emaw thil thleng dang avanga mit a pressure a san chuan a thleng thin. Entirnan, mit hliam (cricket ball mit a tlak lai ngaihtuah teh), pigmentary dispersion syndrome (mit chhunga pigment chi hrang hrang, drainage canal tihchhiat leh tikhawlo), uveitis (mit chhungril a inflammation), damdawi thenkhat (a bik takin corticosteroid leh cycloplegics), leh mit surgery te avanga lo awm thei a ni.
- Congenital glaucoma: Hei hi nausen lai, chu chu naute pum chhunga a awm laia lo awm thin glaucoma a ni. Entirnan, aniridia (mit iris a insiam tha lo), Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome, Marfan syndrome, congenital rubella syndrome, leh neurofibromatosis type 1 te ang chi natna te hian hetiang hi a thlen thei a ni. Hei hi pian tirh laia awm reng a ni a, naute mit a lian emaw, a tui emaw, êng a sensitive emaw a nih chuan doctor thurawn i la nghal tur a ni.
Glaucoma vei theihna tur risk factors te chu engte nge ni?
Glaucoma lo awm theihna tur tichhe thei risk factor engemaw zat a awm a. Eng nge an nih hi han thlir ila:- Kum: Glaucoma chi hrang hrang tam zawk hian kum 40 chunglam a vei a, (Hei hi congenital glaucoma hi a danglamna ber a ni.) Mithiamte chuan kum 75 chunglam zinga 10% velin glaucoma an vei niin an chhut. Chumi awmzia chu kum upat deuh deuha enkawl a pawimawh tihna a ni.
- Hnam/Ancestry: African hnam chhuak, a bik takin Afro-Caribbean hnam chhuakte chu primary open-angle glaucoma vei theihna chance a sang zawk hle. Asian (keini pawh tel vein) leh Inuit hnam mite pawh hi angle-closure glaucoma vei an hlauhawm zawk bawk.
- Mipa leh hmeichhe thliarna:Hmeichhia te hi angle-closure glaucoma vei an tam zawk. Mithiamte chuan hei hi mit insiam danah hmeichhia leh mipa inthlauhna vang a ni ber niin an ngai.
- Refractive errors: Mite chu hnai taka hmu thei, a nih loh leh myopia nei te hian open-angle glaucoma an vei theihna a sang zawk. Chutiang bawkin, mi hnai tak, a nih loh leh hyperopia nei te pawhin angle-closure glaucoma an vei theihna a sang zawk.
- Chhungkaw chanchin: I chhungkuaa mi tu emaw, a bik takin i nu, i pa, i fa emaw, i unaupa emaw chuan glaucoma a vei a nih chuan i vei theihna a sang zawk a ni. Hei hi kan chhungkuaah zunthlum leh thisen sang ang chi natna a lo kal dan nen a inang hle. Secondary glaucoma thlentu dinhmun thenkhat pawh hi genetic a ni.
- Natna khirh tak tak: Zirchianna atanga a lan dan chuan natna khirh tak tak thenkhat, thisen sang leh zunthlum vei te chu glaucoma vei an hlauhawm zawk a ni. Chuvangin heng natna te hi i vei a nih chuan i mit hian a thunun tha a tha.
Glaucoma natna avanga harsatna awm thei te chu engte nge ni?
I mit chhunga pressure control turin treatment i dawng lo a nih chuan eng nge thleng ang tih han ngaihtuah teh. Chutiang a nih chuan glaucoma hian i retina leh optic nerve a tichhe thei a, a tawpah chuan hnathawh a titawp thei a ni. Hei hi glaucoma complication ber a ni a, chu chu mitdelna leh a tawpah mitdelna famkim a ni. A tawpah chuan mithiamte’n absolute glaucoma an tih hi a ni. Chumi awmzia chu mit natna chu a mit a del vek tihna a ni. Tin, i khawih hian lungpui ang maiin a khauh thei bawk a, a hrehawm pawh a ni thei.Engtin nge glaucoma hi hmuhchhuah a nih?
Mit lam doctor chuan mit enfiahna hmangin glaucoma a nei tih a hre thei. Dik tak chuan heng mit enfiahna hian glaucoma hi i mit a tihchhiat hmain a hriat theih a ni. Heng exam neih chhung hian i mit chu a dilated (mydriasis) a, chu chuan doctor chuan i mit chhung lam a hmu thei a ni. Glaucoma hriat theihna atana pui thei test lian thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:- Visual acuity testing - i hmuh theih dan test (letter line khat chhiar tura tih hmanga).
- Visual field testing - I mit hmuhna range leh a sir lehlamah i hmu thei em tih enfiah.
- Depth perception testing a ni
- Tonometry - Mit chhunga pressure tehna. Hei hi mit chhunga boruak tichhe thei hmanrua hmanga emaw, mit khawih emaw hmanga tih a ni.
- Pachymetry - Mit hmalam atanga mitmeng (cornea) thickness tehna.
- Slit lamp exam - Microscope bik hmanga mit hmun hrang hrang magnified examination.
- Gonioscopy - Mit chungah lens bik dah a ni a, chu chuan tui a chhuahna angle a enfiah thin.
- `Optical coherence tomography (OCT)` - Hei hian mit chhunga layer nalh tak tak te, a bik takin mit nerve fibers thickness te chu a scan thin.
- Fluorescein angiography - mit chhunga thisen kalna kawng en nana test a ni.
- Ultrasound hmanga enfiah `(Ultrasound)` tih a ni
- A tlem berah chuan computed tomography (CT) scan emaw magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan emaw tih a ni.
Glaucoma enkawlna tur engte nge ni?
Glaucoma enkawlna tum ber chu mit chhunga pressure (intraocular pressure) tihhniam a, natna a zual zel tur ven hi a ni . Hemi atana pui thei tur enkawlna lian tak tak engemaw zat a awm a:- Damdawi: Hengte hi i mit chhunga pressure tihhniamtu damdawi an ni ber. I mit pressure chu a tlangpui aia sang (`ocular hypertension` an tih condition) a nih chuan, heng damdawi te hian glaucoma lo awm tur venna emaw, chhiatna lan chhuah lohna tur emaw a veng thei a ni. Chungte chu mittui tlakna emaw, pill emaw angin a lo thleng thei a ni. Heng damdawi te hi doctor-in a tih ang chiaha ei a pawimawh.
- Glaucoma surgery: Heng surgery te hi aqueous humor awlsam zawka a chhuah theih nan leh mit chhunga pressure tihziaawmna tura siam a ni. Heng surgery te hi trabeculectomy (fluid chhuah theihna tur kawng thar siam), tube shunts (mit chhunga tube te tak te dahin tui chhuahna), laser therapy (laser hmanga drainage system hawn), leh minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) te a ni.
Glaucoma hi eng nge a hmalam hun?
Dik tak chuan glaucoma hi enkawl loh chuan mitdelna leh mitdelna a thlen thei a ni. Mahse enkawl a nih chuan natna chu thunun theih a ni a, a zual zel pawh tihtawp theih a ni . Mahse hei hi mi hrang hrangah a inang lo thei a, chuvangin hemi chungchang sawipui tur tha ber chu i mit doctor hi a ni. I dinhmun bik thlirna chu eng nge ni tih leh chu chu tihdanglam theihna tura i tih theihte chu a hrilh thei che a ni.Glaucoma hi ven theih a ni em?
Vanduaithlak takin glaucoma hi a pumpelh kim thei lo. MahseA hmaa hriatchhuah leh enkawl hian mit chhunga pressure control a pui thei a, mit hmuh lohna a veng thei a, a tikhawtlai thei bawk. Ṭanpui tûrin thil pawimawh engemaw zât i tih theih a awm a:- Mit enfiah fo rawh: Glaucoma symptoms a lan hmain i mit chhunga pressure sang tak i hmu thei. Hriat hmasak hian nang leh i mit doctor te chu glaucoma a na zual loh nan a pui thei a, a tlem berah chuan a ti hniam thei bawk. Kum 40 i tlin hnuah kum khatah vawi khat tal mit enfiah a tha a, a bik takin chhungkaw history-a glaucoma i neih chuan.
- Mit hypertension control dan: I mit chhunga pressure chu a tlangpui aia sang a nih chuan i mit doctor chuan enkawl dan tur a rawn rawt ang che. An thurawn zawm a pawimawh hle. Hei hian mit hmuh lohna tur venna emaw, a tlem berah chuan tihkhawtlai emaw a pui thei che a ni.
- I risk factors te hre la, thunun rawh: Thil engemaw, thisen sang leh zunthlum te chu thunun emaw, ven emaw i tum thei a ni. Tin, safety glasses ang chi thil hman hian mit hliam a veng thei bawk.
Glaucoma ka vei a nih chuan eng nge ka tih theih ang?
Glaucoma i vei chuan i tih theih ṭha ber chu i mit doctor-in i natna enkawl leh enkawl dan tur a pekte zawm hi a ni . I nunphung leh i tih danah inthlâk danglamna engemaw zat a rawt thei bawk. Chûng zîngah chuan:- Symptom thar emaw, mit hmuh dan inthlak danglam emaw chu ngaihthah suh .
- I tan taksa rihna hrisel tak vawn reng.
- Taksa tihchak reng (mahse, i doctor hnenah exercise i tih loh tur zawt la, exercise thenkhat, i lu hnuai lama yoga ang chi te hian mit pressure a tisang thei a ni).
- Doctor-in a rawt angin a hmu turin kal.
Engtikah nge damdawi lam thurawn ka lak ang?
Glaucoma chi thenkhat, angle-closure glaucoma te hi a lo awm thuai thei hle. Chuvangin a chhiat reng tur leh mit hmuh lohna tur ven nan damdawi lam pan vat a ngai a ni . Heng symptoms te hi i neih chuan, a intan nghal emaw, a na zual emaw pawh nise, check out nghal rawh:- Mit na tak emaw pressure emaw
- Lu na
- Double vision (diplopia) emaw, mit hmuh lohna (blurred vision) emaw a ni thei
- Mit na/pressure nena luak chhuak leh luak chhuak
- Light chhehvela rainbow rawng ring hmuh
- Engti kawng pawhin mit hmuhna hloh nghal mai
- Mit hmaah êng eng tak tak a rawn lang tan ta.
- Mit hmaa thil leng (myodesopsias) lo lang nghal emaw, a pung emaw .
Ka mit lam doctor hnenah eng zawhna nge ka zawh ang?
I mit specialist zawhna hetiang hi zawt la a tha ang:- Eng ang glaucoma nge ka neih?
- Ka glaucoma hi eng nge ni?
- Eng enkawlna nge ka neih a, eng nge i rawt?
- Treatment(s) avanga side effect emaw complication awm thei te chu engte nge ni?
- I office ka call tur emaw, damdawi lam thurawn ka lak tur emaw, symptom emaw, inthlak danglamna emaw chu engte nge ni?
Heng zawhnate hi zawh hreh suh. I dinhmun i hriatthiam poh leh enkawlna i thlawp a, i mit i humhim thei bawk.Mi tam tak tân chuan kan mit hmuh hi nunah hriatna pawimawh tak, a pawimawh ber pawh a ni thei. Chuvangin glaucoma ang chi natna avanga mitdelna tur hlauh leh lungkham hi thil awmdan pangngai a ni. Mahse thu lawmawm tak chu glaucoma hi a hmaa hriatchhuah leh enkawl theih a ni. Natna i hriatchhuah thuai a, enkawl i tan chuan a na zual zel loh nan i tihtawp theihna chance a sang zawk. A tihtawp vek theih loh laiin, a nghawng na tak tak lo awm tanna chu kum tam tak chhung, kum sawm tam tak chhung pawh a tikhawtlai thei fo.
He thuziak a\anga kan hriat reng tur pawimawh ber berte (Take-Home Message) .
Okay, chuvangin glaucoma chungchanga kan sawi tawh atanga kan hriat reng tur thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:- Glaucoma hi natna ngawi reng a ni thei: a tir lamah chuan engmah chhinchhiahna a awm lo thei. Chuvangin mit enfiah fo hi a pawimawh em em a, a bik takin risk factors i neih chuan.
- Hriat hmasak hi venhimna tha ber a ni: Hriat hmasak a nih chuan enkawlna hian a tam zawkah chuan mit hloh belh zel tur a veng thei a ni.
- Risk factors fimkhur rawh: Chhungkaw history-a he natna hi i neih tawh emaw, kum 40 aia upa i nih emaw, zunthlum emaw hypertension ang chi natna i neih chuan tlem tal fimkhur a ngai a ni.
- Doctor thupek dik takin zawm rawh: Glaucoma i vei nia hriat i nih chuan i doctor-in damdawi leh thupek a pekte dik taka zawm a pawimawh hle.
- Emergency symptoms chu ngaihthah suh: Mit na nghal mai, mit a fiah lo emaw, light vel ring i hmuh chuan doctor pan nghal rawh.
I mit hi i tan a hlu hle tih hre reng ang che. Chuvangin, anmahni enkawl hi i mawhphurhna a ni. Hlau suh, i hriat chian a, a tul anga hma i lak chuan glaucoma nei pawhin i nung tha thei ang.
` Glaucoma, mit hrual, mit natna, mitdel, mitdel, mit nerve, mit endik
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