Neuromuscular Disorders chungchang hi a awlsam zawngin i zir ang u.

A châng chuan chakna nei lo ang maiin i inhria em, kut emaw, ke emaw chawi a harsa emaw, i kal laiin i ke ruhte chu a bengchheng a, i taksa ruhte chu a chak lo zauh zauh ṭhin em? Hengte hi random thil mai a ni lo. Heng symptoms hnung lamah hian tunlaia kan sawi tur nerve leh muscle natna te hi a awm mai thei, chu chu ``Neuromuscular Disorders'' tih hi a ni. Lungngai suh, he thu i hriat hnu hian hlauh tur a awm lo. Engkim hi chiang tak leh awlsam takin sawi ila.

Neuromuscular Disorders hi eng nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin, hei hi kan nervous system hmun thenkhat, a bik takin peripheral nerve ( thluak leh ruhro atanga chhuak nerve), taksa ruh emaw, an pahnih inbiakpawhna emaw tichhe thei natna pawl a ni. Ngaihtuah teh, kan taksa chetna hi thluak atanga thuchah lo lutte chu nerve kaltlangin taksa ruhte tichak turin a kal a ni. Chumi kawngah chuan khawi emaw laiah chuan dik lohna a awm chuan heng natnate hi a lo awm thei a ni.

Heng dinhmunte hian taksa ruh chak lohna , taksa ruh a tichhe emaw, a tichhe emaw (muscle atrophy) , leh hriatna a tidanglam (numbness emaw tingling emaw ang chi) a thlen fo thin. Mahse, natna chi hrang hrang a zirin symptom dang pawh a awm thei bawk.

Heng natnate hi engte nge ni? Engtin nge kan taksa hi an nghawng?

Neuromuscular disorder hi natna pakhat chauh a ni lo. Natna chi hrang hrang an ni a, pawl tin hian natna chi hrang hrang an huam vek a ni. Kan neuromuscular system-a a hnuaia mite hi an nghawng thei a ni:

• Spinal cord-a hmalam horn cells te
• Nerve zung (dorsal root ganglia pawh a huam tel) .
• Nerve networks `(Plexuses)` (e.g. `(brachial plexus)` - kekawr bul nena inzawm, `(lumbosacral plexus)` - kawng nena inzawm)
• Peripheral nerve te chu a awm a
• Neuromuscular inzawmna (Neuromuscular junction) a ni
• Muscle fibers a awm bawk

Tûnah chuan hêng pêng tinte nghawngtu natna chipchiar deuhin han thlir ila.

Spinal cord-a motor nerve cells (Anterior horn cells) nena inzawm natna

Hengte hi natna zual zel, motor neurons tichhe thei an ni fo thin . Motor neurons hi kan thluak leh ruhro chhunga cell chi khat, kea kal, thusawi, leh thawk chhuahna ang chi, min puitu cell chi khat a ni. Heng cell te hian thluak atanga taksa peng hrang hrangah thuchah an keng tel thin.

A bik takin ``Anterior horn cells`` hi ruhro (spinal cord) gray matter-a motor nerve cell awmte an ni. Kan ruh ruhte chetna atan an pawimawh hle. Heng cell te hi an tihchhiat chuan taksa peng hrang hrangte hian nerve supply (denervation) an hloh a, an chak lo hle.

He category-a tel natna lian ber berte chu:

• ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - ALS) emaw Lou Gehrig natna emaw a ni thei
• Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) a awm a, a rilru a hah lutuk a, a rilru a buai em em bawk a.
• Spinal-bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) emaw Kennedy natna emaw a ni thei
• Polio natna a awm

Plexus nena inzawm harsatna (Plexopathies) .

Kan ruhro aṭanga level hrang hranga lo chhuak nerve-te chu a tâwpah chuan an inzawm khawm a, complex network, a nih loh leh plexus . Kan kut chunglam ah brachial plexus kan nei a, kan kut hnuai lamah lumbar plexus emaw lumbosacral plexus kan nei bawk a, chungte chu kan kawr chhungah a awm a ni.

Heng nerve fiber te hi a chhe thei a, a compress thei a, a inflamed thei bawk a, chu chuan a natna kut emaw ke emaw a ti na thei a, a ti na thei a, a ti na thei a, a tichak lo thei bawk.

Nerve root kaihhnawih natna

Nerve roots hi spinal nerve branch tawi tak tak a ni. Kan ruhro (spinal cord) zawh ruala vertebrae (ruh) atang hian spinal nerve a lo chhuak thin. Spinal nerve tin hian motor nerve zung leh sensory nerve zung an nei vek a. Motor nerve roots hi thluak leh ruhro atanga thuchah lo lutte chu peripheral nerve kaltlangin taksa peng hrang hranga kalna hmun a ni.

Heng nerve zungte hi a chhehvel tissue ten an compress chuan taksa hmun hrang hrangah natna leh rilru hahna a awm thei a ni. Hei hi `radiculopathy` an ti a. Motor nerve zungte an compress chuan taksa ruhte chu a chak lo hle.

Spinal nerve compress na hmun a zirin radiculopathy chi hrang hrang a awm a:

• Cervical radiculopathy a awm thei
• A lai atanga a chunglam thlengin (`(thoracic radiculopathy)`) .
• Lumbar emaw lumbosacral radiculopathy (kawng leh hnungzang hnuai lam nena inzawm) .

Peripheral nerve nena inzawm natna

Peripheral neuropathy hi natna eng pawh thluak pawn lama nerve leh spinal cord (peripheral nerves) tichhe thei tihna a ni. Hei hi chi hrang hrang leh a chhan hrang hrang a awm. Peripheral nerve te hian hna a thawk tha lo a nih chuan kan taksa ruh te hi kan che thei lo. Chuvangin heng natnate hi neuromuscular natna pawl lian zawkah pawh an tel ve a ni.

Peripheral neuropathies hian taksa peng thenkhat chauh a nghawng thei a, a nih loh leh taksa pumpui a nghawng thei bawk. Peripheral neuropathy chi khat chu kut leh ke, a bik takin kut zungtang te a nghawng thin hi a ni. Entirnan, zunthlum vei thenkhat chuan an ke ruhroah a bengchheng a, lei chu an hre thei lo ang maiin an awm a. Chu chu hei hi entirnan a ni.

Entirna thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Diabetes mellitus avanga nerve tihchhiat
• Zu in tam lutuk vang (Alcohol use disorder) .
• Ei leh in lama harsatna (malnutrition) a awm
• `Amyloidosis` tih hming pu natna a ni
• Genetic emaw, thlahtute emaw (e.g. Charcot-Marie-Tooth natna) .
• Autoimmune emaw, inflammatory emaw avanga lo awm (e.g., `(Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy - CIDP)`, `(Guillain-Barré syndrome)`) te hi a ni.
• Thil tha lo (e.g., chemical tha lo tak tak, tihfai tui, pesticide) nena inzawmna .

Neuromuscular junction natna a awm thei

Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) hi motor nerve terminal leh muscle inzawmna (synapse) a ni. Muscle nena inbiakpawhna atan hian motor nerve te hian he junction kaltlangin chemical acetylcholine an tih chu an chhuah chhuak thin. He inbiakpawhnaah hian chhiatna a awm chuan neuromuscular junction nena inzawm natna a awm thin.

He ruh natna veitu natna lian ber berte chu:

• `Botulism` (food poisoning avanga lo awm thei) .
• `Lambert-Eaton-a natna hrik (LEMS)`
• `Myasthenia Gravis` tih a ni

Taksa natna (Myopathies) .

Myopathies hi kan ruh (skeletal muscles) (kan ruh nena inzawm muscle) direct-a nghawng thei natna a ni. Heng natnate hian taksa ruh (muscle fibers) a tichhe a, taksa ruhte a tichak lo hle. Myopathie hi chi hrang hrang a awm a. Ṭhenkhat chu pianpui (genetic emaw hereditary emaw) an ni. Ṭhenkhat chu nakin lawkah an lo ṭhang chho thei a ni.

Mahse, direct injuries, taksa ruh hrual, hrual, emaw, tihchhiat te hi he ``myopathies'' category-ah hian a tel lo.

Muscular Dystrophy natna a ni

Muscular dystrophy hi natna sawmthum chuang awmna pawl a ni a, genetic (inherited) avanga taksa ruh hnathawh tichhe thei a ni. A chi hrang hrang thenkhat chu:

• Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) - Hei hi a tam ber a ni.
• ``Becker taksa ruh natna (BMD)'' tih hi a ni.
• `Myotonic dystrophy natna a ni` tih hi a ni
• ``Mit lam natna (OPMD)''.

Autoimmune leh Inflammatory Myopathies te a awm a

Hengte hi keimahni immune system-a chhiatna avanga taksa ruh hnathawh tibuaitu natnate an ni. Entirnan:

• `Dermatomyositis` tih a ni
• `Polymyositis natna a ni` tih hi a ni
• ``Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy natna hi a awm thei lo a ni''.

Myopathies dangte pawh a awm

Muscle natna hi chhan dang hrang hrang avangin a awm thei a:

• Electrolyte imbalances : Entirnan, thisen calcium sang (hypercalcemia) emaw thisen potassium sang (hyperkalemia) emaw hian taksa ruh (muscle) harsatna a thlen thei.
• Endocrine myopathies : Hormone inthlauhna avanga taksa ruh hnathawh tibuaitu. Entir nan,Chûngte chu thyroid gland, parathyroid glands , emaw adrenal glands -a harsatna avânga lo awm thei a ni.
• Metabolic myopathies : Hengte hi taksa peng hrang hrangte enzyme siam tura zirtirtu genes chhiatna avanga lo awm a ni. Entirnan: glycogen dahkhawmna natna, lipid dahkhawmna lama harsatna.
• Mitochondrial myopathies : Hengte hi cell-a chakna siamtu mitochondria-a chhiatna avanga lo awm a ni.
• Periodic paralysis : Hei hi inherited neurological diseases pawl a ni. Chutah chuan taksa ruhte chu a chang chuan an chak lo va, an inzawm khawm thei lo.
• Toxic myopathies: Hengte hi toxin emaw damdawi emaw, taksa peng hrang hrangte insiam dan emaw, hnathawh dan emaw tibuaitu avanga lo awm a ni .

Nerve leh muscle natna langsar ber berte chu engte nge ni?

Dik tak chuan heng natna zingah hian peripheral neuropathy hi a tam ber a ni. Chu chu chi hrang hrang leh chhan hrang hrang a neih vang a ni. Zirchiangtute chuan United States-ah hian mi maktaduai 20 chuang zetin peripheral neuropathy chi khat emaw an nei niin an chhut.

Mahse mi tam tak chuan `(peripheral neuropathies)` hi `(neuromuscular disorders)` angin an ngai lo, a chhan chu category hran an neih vang a ni. Mahse, `(neuromuscular diseases)` kan hriat vek tawh, mahse a takah chuan a tlem ber chu `(ALS) ` leh `Muscular Dystrophy` te hi an ni.

Heng natna lan chhuah dan tlangpui chu engte nge ni?

Neuromuscular diseases symptoms hi a inang lo thei a, natna chi hrang hrang a zirin a inang lo thei. Mahse, taksa ruh nena inzawm natna lan chhuah dan tlangpui chu:

• Muscle chak lohna (kut emaw ke emaw chawi harsa, thil rit phur thei lo) .
• Muscle atrophy ( taksa ruh tihchhiat leh tihchhiat) .
• Muscle twitching (fasciculations), cramps, emaw spasms emaw a awm thei
• Muscle na a na
• Muscle a nghet lo (Spasticity) .
• Kal harsat
• Balance leh coordination lama harsatna awm thei
• Mitmeng emaw, hmai hmun dang emaw a tlakbuak
• Lei emaw, ka/hma emaw ruh chak lohna avanga tawng harsa (dysarthria).
• Pharynx muscle chak lohna avanga ei harsa (dysphagia).
• Diaphragm muscle chak lohna avanga thawk harsa

A lan chhuah dan dangte chu:

• Chau
• Numbness a awm
• Thil danglam tak tak, rulhut kal emaw pin leh needle (paresthesia) ang chi te .

Pawimawh: Heng symptoms pakhat emaw a aia tam emaw a zawna i neih chuan, a bik takin taksa chak lohna a lo awm thut emaw, zawi zawiin emaw a awm chuan doctor pan ngei ngei tur a ni.

Engvangin nge heng natnate hi a lo awm? A chhante chu engte nge ni?

Neuromuscular natna thlentu tam tak a awm a. Mahse, ṭhenkhat chu genetic . Chumi awmzia chu nu leh pa atanga gene rochun emaw, gene pakhat random change (mutation) avanga lo awm thei tihna a ni. Heng natnate hi gene pakhata chhiat vang emaw, gene engemaw zat a chhiat vang emaw a ni thei.

Neuromuscular natna thenkhat chu autoimmune natna a ni . Chumi awmzia chu kan taksa hriselna (immune system) hian keimahni cell-te a bei tihna a ni. Mi dangte chu accident emaw, ei leh in lama harsatna emaw, metabolic disorder emaw, toxin emaw, inflammation emaw avanga lo awm a ni thei bawk. A châng chuan, a chhan engmah hmuh theih a ni lo.

Engtin nge heng natnate hi doctor-in a hriat theih ang?

Doctor i hmuh chuan i medical history te, i chhungte zingah he natna hi an nei tawh em tih te, eng damdawi nge i ei tih te, eng symptoms nge i neih te a zawt ang che. Tichuan, general physical exam leh neurological exam an nei ang . He exam hian thluak, ruhro, leh peripheral nervous system (muscle te pawh tel) lama harsatna awmte a zawng thei a ni.

Neurologist hnenah pawh test belh turin refer i ni thei bawk. Heng natnate hi nemnghet thei tur test dang thenkhat chu:

• Electromyography (EMG) : Hei hian i ruh ruh leh a thununtu nerve te hriselna leh hnathawh dan a test thin.
• Nerve conduction test : Hei hian i peripheral nerve hnathawh dan a test thin.
• Thisen test : Hengte hian thil chi hrang hrang, enzyme dik lo leh autoimmune condition chhinchhiahna te a enfiah thei a ni.
• Imaging tests : MRI , CT scan , leh neuromuscular ultrasound ang chi test te hian thluak, ruhro, leh/ emaw nerve-a harsatna a awm chuan "a hmu" thei.
• Muscle biopsy: He test -ah hian i taksa ruh sample tlemte lak a ni a, pathologist chuan microscope hmangin a enfiah a, thil dik lo a awm em tih a enfiah thin.
• Genetic testing : Heng test te hian genetic neuromuscular disease thenkhat a nemnghet thei a ni.

Heng natnate hi eng enkawl dan nge ni?

Neuromuscular natna enkawlna hi natna chi hrang hrang a zirin a inang lo hle. A tlangpuiin neuromuscular natna tam zawk hi chu tihdam kim theih a ni lo. Mahse, natna lan chhuah dan tihtlem thei, natna zual zel tur titawp thei, a lo zual zel tur tikhawtlai thei enkawlna leh enkawlna a awm. I enkawl dan tur ruahmannaah hian:

• Damdawi chi hrang hrang
• Taksa lam enkawlna leh hnathawhna lama enkawlna
• Thusawi hmanga enkawlna
• Nutrition therapy hmanga enkawlna
• Incheina awlsam zawka siam thei assistive devices
• Damdawi lam thil dang, surgery te pawh a tel

Vawi tam tak chu, heng natnate hi neurologist (a bik takin neuromuscular specialist) chu i primary care physician a ni ang. Mahse, i natna chi hrang hrang a zirin specialist dang leh healthcare provider te hnen atangin tanpuina i mamawh mai thei. Chûng zîngah chuan:

• Physical therapist leh occupational therapist te an ni
• Rheumatologist te an ni
• Pulmonologist leh thawkna lam enkawltu te an ni
• Pathologist te pawh an awm
• Surgeon te pawh an awm
• Orthopedist te pawh an awm
• Speech-language pathologist te an ni
• Ei leh in lama mithiamte
• Psychologist te pawh an awm
• Social worker te an ni

Hetiang natna chi hrang hrang nena nung hian eng nge i beisei theih ang?

Nerve leh muscle natna tam tak hi hun rei tak (chronic) a ni . Hei hian dam chhung an daih thei tihna a ni. Damdawi awm lo mah se, damdawi leh enkawlna dangte hian natna lan chhuah dan a thunun thei a, natna zual zel chu a titawp thei a, a tikhawtlai thei bawk. I doctor chuan i dinhmun bik a zirin i beisei tur chu a hre chiang zawk thei che a ni.

Neuromuscular diseases hi natna chi hrang hrang zau tak a ni a, a bul berah chuan peripheral nerve leh muscle te hnathawh a nghawng a ni. Muscle chak lohna thut emaw, sawifiah theih loh emaw i neih chuan doctor nen inbia ang che. I natna lan chhuah dante chu a zirchiang thei a, a chhan hriat theih nan test neih a rawt thei bawk.

A tawp berah chuan a pawimawh ber (Take-Home Message) .

Neuromuscular Disorders tih hming hi hre hlau suh. Heng dinhmun tam tak hi hriat hmasak a, enkawl dan dik leh enkawl a nih chuan control theih a ni. A pawimawh ber chu, natna lan chhuah dan danglam (a bik takin taksa ruh chak lohna, rilru hahna, kal harsa) i neih chuan, .Anmahni ngaihthah suh la, damdawi lam thurawn zawng nghal rawh.

Nangmah chauh i ni lo tih hre reng ang che. Heng dinhmunte hmachhawn tura pui theitu doctor thiam tak tak te, therapist te, leh support group te an awm a. Thu dik tak dawn leh hma la hmasa hi nun hrisel neihna kawng tha ber a ni.

` Thlarau lam natna, ruh natna, Thluak lam natna, ALS, Muscular Dystrophy, Peripheral Neuropathy, Myasthenia Gravis