He thluak natna hmuh tur awm lo, PML an tih hi i hria em? (Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy - PML) a awm a, a rilru a hah lutuk a, a rilru a buai em em bawk a.

Nangmah emaw, i hriat mi tu emaw chuan i taksaah rilru hahna, kal harsa, a nih loh leh mize danglam nghal mai chu i tawng tawh em? Chûngte chu thil pangngai ang maia lang mah se, a châng chuan chhan lian tak a awm thei a ni. Vawiin hian chutiang thluak natna hmuh tur awm lo tak, mahse na tak tak pakhat chungchang kan sawi dawn a ni. Hei hi Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy , a tawi zawngin PML an ti a.

A awlsam zawngin PML chu eng nge ni?

PML hi natna khirh tak leh hmuh tur awm lo tak a ni a, kan thluak a nghawng nasa hle. Hei hi a chhan ber chu kan taksain natna a do theihna, chu chu immune system a chak lo hle a ni.

Tunah chuan en teh, kan thluak hian nerve cell vel hi venhimna khuh a nei a. Electric wire vel plastic sheath ang mai a ni. Hei hi myelin kan ti a . He myelin sheath hian message te chu nerve chhungah rang tak leh dik takin a kal theih nan a pui thin. PML a lo awm chuan he myelin sheath hi a chhe thin. Chu wire-a plastic sheath chu a hmin ang mai a ni. Tichuan thluaka thuchahte chu a kal mumal lo va, chu chuan kalna, ngaihtuahna leh hriatna lama harsatna a thlen thin.

He natna hi JC virus an tih virus atanga lo chhuak a ni . Mak tak maiin puitling 85% velin he hri hi an taksaah harsatna nei lovin an keng tel a ni. Kan immune system a chak chhung chuan he virus hi a ngawi reng thin. Mahse kan immune system nasa taka a chak loh chuan he virus hi a thawk nghal a, thluak a rawn bei tan ta a ni.

PML natna lan chhuah dante chu engte nge ni?

PML natna lan chhuah dan hi thluaka khawi hmunah nge a chhiatna a awm tih a zirin a danglam thei. He natna lan chhuah hma leh a hnu lama a lan chhuah dan hi han thlir ila.

He natna vei theihna hlauhawm ber chu tute nge ni?

Hei hi natna hmuh tur awm lo tak a ni. Mi sang hnih zinga pakhat vel a tuar tlangpui. Mahse mi thenkhat chu risk sang zawk an ni. Tute nge an nih i en ang u.

• HIV/AIDS vei te: A chhan chu he natna hian taksa hriselna (immune system) direct-a a beih vang a ni.
• Cancer vei thenkhat: A bik takin thisen kaihhnawih cancer, leukemia leh lymphoma nei te.
• Organ transplant patients: Mi dang atanga organ (kidney emaw liver ang chi) transplant a nih chuan taksain a hnawl loh nan immunosuppressant pek an ni. Heng mite hi risk sang zawk an ni bawk.
• Mite’n taksa hriselna tidanglam emaw, tichhe thei emaw damdawi ei: Natna thenkhatah chuan keimahni taksa chakna (immune system) ngeiin kan taksa ngei a bei thin. Entirnan, natna chi hrang hrang, multiple sclerosis, Crohn’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, leh lupus te hi a ni. Heng natna enkawlna atana hman damdawi thenkhat hian PML vei theihna a tipung thei a ni.

Engtin nge natna hi dik taka kan hriat theih ang?

I doctor chuan i natna lan chhuah dan a zirin PML a rinhlelh chuan test eng emaw zat neih a rawt ang che.

1. MRI scan dan tur: 1.1.Hei hi fiahna pawimawh ber a ni. MRI machine hian thluak thlalak chiang tak, chipchiar tak tak a la thei a ni. PML avanga thluaka myelin tihchhiatna hmun (lesion) te chu chiang takin a hmu thei a ni.

2. Lumbar Puncture: Hei hi kawr hnung lamah needle te tak te dahin thluak leh ruhro (cerebrospinal fluid) vel tui sample te tak te lak a ni. He fluid hi JC virus a awm leh awm loh test theih a ni.

3. Brain Biopsy: Hei hi tih a ni tlem hle a, test dang a finfiah loh chuan tih a ni. Hetah hian thluak atanga tissue te tak te tak te chu surgery hmangin lakchhuah a ni a, microscope hmangin an enfiah thin.

PML hi engtin nge enkawl a nih?

PML enkawlna atana pawimawh ber chu i taksa hriselna tichak lotu dinhmun enkawl hi a ni.

• HIV vangin PML i nei ta ang u. Tichuan antiretroviral therapy (anti-HIV damdawi) dik taka hman a ngai a, i immunity siam thar leh a ngai a ni.
• Immunosuppressive damdawi avanga PML i vei a nih chuan i doctor nen inbia nghal tur a ni a, damdawi i tihtawp leh thlak loh tur thu i rel tur a ni.
• A châng chuan, plasma exchange tih damdawi hmangin heng immunosuppressive drugs te hi thisen a\angin an paih chhuak \hin. Hei hian immune system chu JC virus do leh turin chakna a pe a ni.

JC virus ngei pawh do thei damdawi chungchangah hian zirchianna kalpui mek a ni a, mahse damdawi tha tak erawh hmuhchhuah a la ni lo.

Vanduaithlak takin thluaka white matter, a nih loh leh myelin, virus-in a tihchhiat chu a lo piang thar leh lo. Chuvangin, natna a reh hnuah pawh symptom thenkhat (e.g., rilru hahna, hriatrengna hloh) chu dam chhungin a awm reng thei a ni. Hei hi stroke-in hun rei tak chhunga nghawng a neih dan nen a inang a ni.