Kan taksa cell chhungah hian kan genetic information kan dah vek a. Library lian tak chhunga lehkhabu awm ang mai a ni. Heng lehkhabu te hi chromosome kan ti a. Kan nu hnen atanga a chanve leh kan pa hnen atanga a chanve kan seilian. Mahse han ngaihtuah teh, a châng chuan heng lehkhabu phek hnih hi a chhe vek a, lehkhabu pakhat aṭanga phek pakhat chu a dangah a innghat a, lehkhabu dang phek khat chu he lehkhabuah hian a innghat bawk. Chutiang chu damdawi lamah chuan chromosome pahnih hmun thenkhat a inthen a, a inthlak danglam hian translocation kan ti thin. He hming i hriat hian hlau suh. Mi tam takin hetiang hi an nei thei a, an hre lo pawh a ni thei. Eng nge a nih tak tak i en ang u.
He genetic change hi Translocation an tih hi eng nge ni?
A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, translocation chu chromosomes structure inthlak danglamna a ni. Hei hi chromosome pakhat atanga a then a inthen a, chromosome dang a inzawm chuan a thleng thin. A châng chuan chromosome pahnihna chromosome chhe tawh chu a hmasa berah pawh a inzawm thei bawk.
Kan cell tin nucleus chhungah hian chromosome pahnih 23 a awm a. Chu chu a vaiin chromosome 46 a ni. Chung zinga pair 22 chuan taksa mizia dang zawng zawng (autosomes) an thunun a, pair hnuhnung ber hian kan mipa leh hmeichhia (X leh Y chromosomes) a hril thung.
Translocation hi chi hnih ah then theih a ni a:
1. Reciprocal Translocation: Hei hi chromosome hrang hrang pahnih peng hrang hrang inthlengna a ni. Chromosome 7 pakhat chu chromosome 21-ah a inthlak a, chromosome 21 chu chromosome 7-ah a inthlak ang tih han ngaihtuah teh.
2. Robertsonian Translocation: Hei hi chromosome pakhatin chromosome dang a inzawm kim vek hian a ni.
Tunah chuan thil pawimawh dang a awm leh ta. Heng part te hi inthleng a, mahse genetic information hloh emaw, hmuh emaw a awm loh chuan Balanced Translocation kan ti thin. Hetiang vei hian hriselna lamah harsatna a nei lo tlangpui. Mahse, he swap avang hian genetic information thenkhat a bo emaw, kan hmuh emaw chuan Unbalanced Translocation kan ti thin. Chutah chuan hriselna lama harsatna chi hrang hrang a lo chhuak tan ta a ni.
Translocation chauh a ni em? Chromosome-a inthlak danglamna dang awm thei
Translocation bakah hian chromosomes structure-ah pawh inthlak danglamna dang engemaw zat a awm thei bawk. Hengte hian kan taksaa protein siam chhuah dan a tibuai thei a, cell leh tissue hnathawh a tibuai thei bawk. Eng nge an nih i han thlir teh ang.
| Hrilhfiahna chi hrang hrang | Eng thil nge thleng mai mai |
|---|---|
| Deletion a ni | Chromosome pakhat chu a inthen a, a chhuak ta a ni. Hei hian taksaa gene pawimawh engemaw zat emaw, za tam tak emaw a hloh thei a ni. |
| Duplication tih a ni | Chromosome pakhat chu a pangngai lo takin vawi hnih copy a ni a, chu chuan genetic information tam zawk a pe a ni. |
| Inversion (part pakhat chu a sir lehlamah a let leh) . | Chromosome pakhat chu hmun hnih ah a inthen a, chutah chuan a part chu a inher a, a inzawm leh ta a ni. |
| Hrilhfiahna buaithlak dang | A danglamna buaithlak zawk a awm thei a, chu chu isochromosomes (chromosomes kut inang pahnih nei) leh ring chromosomes (chromosomes ring ang maia insiam) te hi a ni. |
Engtikah nge he translocation hi a pawimawh?
Kan taksaah hian cell maktaduai tam tak a awm a. Heng cell pakhat chauh hian hetiang inthlak danglamna hi a tawk a nih chuan nghawng lian tham a nei dawn lo. Chu cell chu rei vak lo hnuah a thi mai thei.
Mahse, he translocation hi nu egg (ovum), pa sperm (sperm), emaw, an pahnih inzawmna avanga cell hmasa ber (zygote)-a a awm chauhvin a pawi tak zet a, a pawimawh hle bawk .
Chu cell pakhat chu a inthen a, a inthen a, naupang famkim a siam ta a ni. Chu chu naupang taksa chhunga cell tin hian chu translocation chu an nei tihna a ni. Chu chu genetic information a pun leh a tlahniam vangin natna chi hrang hrang a lo awm thin a ni.
A chang chuan he inthlak danglamna hi naute a pai hnuah a thleng thin. Tichuan taksaa cell thenkhat chu normal an ni thei a, cell thenkhat chuan translocation an nei thei bawk. Hei hi Mosaicism kan ti a ni .
Nun tak tak entawn tur i han en teh ang.
Hei hi hrethiam zawk tur chuan entirnan han la ila. Mi pakhat a awm tih han ngaihtuah teh, Sunil ti ila. Sunil hian natna a nei lo, a hrisel a ni. Mahse a genes kan en chuan a chromosome 7 leh 21 inkarah hian balanced translocation a nei a ni. Chumi awmzia chu a taksa peng hrang hrang inthleng a ni tawh a, mahse a taksaah hian a mamawh genetic information zawng zawng a nei vek tihna a ni. Chuvang chuan harsatna a nei lo.
Buaina chu naupang siam a nih hian a lo awm thin. Sunil taksaa sperm siam a nih chuan chromosome pair te chu an inthen a. Hetah hian vanduaithlak takin sperm thenkhat chuan 7th chromosome chu 7th chromosome pangngai aiah 21st piece attached nen an phur thei a ni. Chutih rual chuan chromosome 21-na pangngai pawh chu chu sperm-ah chuan a kal thei bawk.
Tunah chuan he sperm hi egg hrisel nen a inzawm a, nau a piang a nih chuan eng nge thleng ang? Nu hian chromosome 21-na pakhat a dawng a ni. Pa (Sunil) chuan chromosome 21-na pangngai leh chromosome 21-na chromosome 7-a inzawm ṭhenkhat chu a dawng vek a, chutah chuan, naupang cell-te chuan chromosome 21 nena inzawm genetic information pathum an nei a, chu chu Down syndrome kan tih chu a ni.
Tunah chuan balanced translocation nei mi pakhatin symptoms nei lo mahse unbalanced translocation nei fa a neih theih dan chu i hrethiam tawh em?
Translocation avanga lo awm thei natna
Translocation avanga lo awm thei damdawi lam harsatna lian tak tak engemaw zat a awm.
| Damdawi lam dinhmun | Chromosome inzawm fo leh sawifiahna |
|---|---|
| Down syndrome tih hi a ni | Hetiang dinhmun hi a tam ber chu chromosome 21 copy pahnih awm lovin copy pathum a awm vang a ni (Trisomy 21). Mahse, za zela tlemte chu translocation vang a ni. A tlangpui ber chu chromosome 14 leh 21 inkara inthlak danglamna a ni a, heng naupangte hian thinlung, chaw ei kawng leh ruhroah harsatna an nei thei a ni. |
| Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) natna a awm thei lo. | Hei hi thisen cancer chi khat a ni. Chromosome 9 leh 22 inkara translocation avanga lo awm a ni a, chuta tang chuan chromosome 22-na thar lo awm chu Philadelphia chromosome an ti a ni.Hei hian enzyme pangngai lo tak a siam a, chu chuan cancer cell te chu thunun theih lohvin a tipung a ni. |
| Lymphoma leh leukemia chi dang | Chromosome dang, chromosome 8 leh 11 inkara inthlak danglamna hian leukemia leh lymphoma chi hrang hrang a thlen thei bawk. |
Take-Home Thuchah a ni
- Translocation hi a hlauhawm lo (balanced) a ni thei a, natna khirh tak tak (unbalanced) a thlen thei bawk.
- Balanced translocation i neih chuan nun hrisel tak i hmang thei ang. Harsatna i neih theih awmchhun chu fa i neih lai chauh a ni.
- Hetiang dinhmun hi nu leh pa atanga rochun a ni thei a, a nih loh leh naupai lai hian a lo awm thar thei bawk.
- Translocation hi "damdawi" a awm lo, a chhan chu taksa chhunga cell tinah a awm vek a ni. Amaherawhchu, chumi atanga lo chhuak natnate chu enkawl theih a ni.
- Hei hi natna hrik kai theih a ni lo. Midangte nen inpawh theiin, sex i hmang thei a, hlauhna awm lovin thisen i pe thei bawk.
- I chhungkuaa mi tu emaw hian genetic disease a nei a nih chuan, emaw, hemi chungchangah hian rinhlelhna emaw zawhna emaw i neih chuan, i doctor emaw, doctor emaw hmu a, sawipui hi a tha ber a ni.
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