Whakaarohia kei te totoro atu tō ringa ki te tiki i tētahi kapu tī. I taua wā tonu, ko tō ringa anake e anga tika ana ki reira, ā, ko te toenga o tō tinana kāore e nekeneke, tika? Ko ngā whakatau iti rānei e mahia ana e koe i te roanga o te rā, ko te harikoa e pā ana ki a koe, ko ō tikanga... He mea tino nui ēnei katoa i roto i te roro kei muri i a ia, engari i tēnei rā kei te kōrero tātou mō tētahi wāhanga o taua mea kāore e tino kōrerohia ana. Koinei te mea e kiia nei ko te Basal Ganglia i roto i te pūtaiao hauora. Ahakoa he ahua rerekē te ingoa, he tino mīharo tana mahi.
He aha te Pūnaha Pūnaha Tuturu?
He whakarāpopototanga noa iho, ko ngā ganglia basal he kohinga pūtau io kei te wāhanga hohonu rawa o waenganui o tō roro. Ehara i te mea kotahi anake te wāhanga, engari he kohinga o ngā wāhanga maha. Ka honoa ēnei wāhanga tetahi ki tetahi, ā, ka āwhina i te whakawhitiwhiti karere i waenga i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te roro. He rite ki tētahi papa hiko matatini i roto i tētahi taputapu hiko. Mā tēnei papa hiko ka taea e ngā wāhanga rerekē o te roro te huihui me te mahi tahi ki tētahi whāinga kotahi.
Ko tāna mahi matua he whakahaere i ngā tohu e tukuna ana e te roro hei neke i ō uaua. Engari he nui atu āna mahi i tērā.
He aha rawa te āhua o tēnei?
Kei te haere tonu ngā rangahau mō te mahi a te basal ganglia. E kitea ana ngā mea hou i ia rā, i ia rā. Engari i nāianei, e mōhio ana tātou ki ētahi mahi matua.
Te whakahaere i ngā nekehanga
Koinei te mahi tino rongonui o te basal ganglia. Me kī tātou kei te hiahia koe ki te tiki pukapuka. I taua wā tonu, ka tukuna e tō roro he tohu ki ngā uaua i roto i tō ringaringa e mea ana, "Āe, tikina te pukapuka inaianei." Ka haere tēnei tohu mā roto i te basal ganglia i mua i te haere tika ki ngā uaua.
He rite te mahi a te basal ganglia ki te kaitiaki tatau. Ka tirohia ngā tohu nekehanga e puta mai ana i te roro, ā, ka whakaae, ka mea, "Āe, he tika tēnei tohu, me tuku atu." Ka whakakahore rānei, ka mea, "Kāo, he tohu kāore e hiahiatia tēnei, me whakamutu."
He mea tino nui tēnei tukanga tātari. Nā te mea koinei te mea e āhei ai tātou ki te mahi i ngā nekehanga e hiahiatia ana e tātou, he maeneene, me te kore e nekenekehanga koretake. Ki te kore, ina totoro tō ringa, ka piko tō kaki, ka totoro tō waewae, ā, ka rerekē ngā nekehanga. Nō reira, ko te mea e tupu ana i konei ko te whakamutu i ngā nekehanga koretake, ka tukua kia maeneene noa ngā nekehanga e tika ana .
Ka whiwhi hoki te pūkahukahu matua i ngā kōrero mai i ō tātou mātakitaki e rima (ngā kanohi, ngā taringa, te ihu, te arero, me te kiri). Ka taea hoki e ia te whakamahi i ēnei kōrero hei whakatikatika i ā tātou nekehanga.
Te whakatau kaupapa me ngā kare ā-roto
Haunga te nekehanga, ka āwhina anō te basal ganglia ki te whakahaere i ō whakatau, i tō aromatawai mōrearea, i ō kare ā-roto, me tō hihiri. Ko te tikanga o tēnei, ina ako koe i tētahi mea hou, ina whakawhanake i ngā tikanga, ina whakamahere me te whakahaere i tētahi mahi, ka uru atu te basal ganglia ki ēnei mea katoa.
Te harikoa, ngā waranga me ngā tikanga
Ina mahi koe i tētahi mea, ka rongo koe i te utu, tika? Kei roto hoki te basal ganglia i ngā tukanga matū i roto i te roro e whakaputa ana i taua ahuareka. Waihoki, nā te mea e whakahaere ana i ngā tikanga me te hihiri ki te mahi i tētahi mea, ka pāngia hoki ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te waranga ki ngā raau taero me ētahi atu mea e te mahi a tēnei wāhanga. Ina homai he ahuareka ki a koe i tētahi mea, ka hihirihia ō tātou roro ki te mahi anō me anō. Ko te basal ganglia te pokapū matua e whakahaere ana i tēnei tukanga.
Kei hea ēnei i roto i te roro? He aha ēnei wāhanga?
Kei roto rawa i te roro ngā ganglia matua, e tata ana ki waenganui o te roro. Kua kī mātou ehara tēnei i te hanganga kotahi. He maha ngā wāhanga matua. Me titiro poto tātou ki aua wāhanga i te ripanga i raro nei.
| Ko te wāhanga matua o te ganglia basal | He kupu whakataki māmā |
|---|---|
| Te pūtake o te kau | Ka whai wāhi atu ki ngā tukanga e pā ana ki te ako me te mahara. |
| Putamene | Āwhina ki te whakahaere i ngā nekehanga me ngā momo tukanga ako. |
| Globus pallidus | He wāhanga matua o te whakahaere i ngā nekehanga tūao. |
| Te karihi subthalamic | Ka whai wāhi ki te whakahaere i ngā nekehanga me te whakatau kaupapa. |
| Te tae pango | Ka whakaputahia he matū e kiia nei ko te dopamine, he mea nui mō te ngahau me te whakahaere nekehanga. |
He hononga kei waenganui i ēnei wāhanga, ko ētahi tohu he whakaohooho, ko ētahi he aukati. Nā tēnei tukanga uaua e tino whakahaere pai ai tō tātou tinana.
He aha te mea i hangaia ai ēnei?
E rua ngā momo pūtau matua o te pūnaha io e hangaia ana ngā ganglia basal.
1. Ngā Neuron: Koinei ngā "karere" o tō tātou pūnaha io. Ka haria e ēnei pūtau ngā tohu huri noa i te roro me te tinana. He maha ngā wāhanga matua o te neuron.
- Tinana pūtau: Ko te wāhanga matua o te pūtau.
- Ākona: He wāhanga roa, rite ki te ringa e toro atu ana i te tinana pūtau. Mā konei ka haria ngā tohu.
- Ngā Dendrite: Ngā hanganga iti, pekapeka e whiwhi ana i ngā tohu mai i ētahi atu neuron.
- Myelin: He pūeru ngako e karapoti ana i ētahi axon e āwhina ana i ngā tohu kia tere ake te haere.
2. Ngā pūtau glial: He rite ēnei ki ngā "pūtau āwhina" mō ngā neurons. Ahakoa kāore e tuku tika ana i ngā tohu, ka āwhina rātou ki te whāngai, ki te tiaki, me te pupuri i te mahi tika a ngā neurons. E tekau ngā wā he nui ake ngā pūtau glial i ngā neurons i roto i tō tātou pūnaha io.
He aha ngā mate e pā ana ki ngā ganglia basal?
Nā te mea he tino nui ā rātou mahi, ka taea e te kino o te basal ganglia te arahi ki ngā momo mate. Ko ētahi o ēnei kua rongo pea koe.
| Kāwai mate | Ngā tauira |
|---|---|
| Ngā Mate Nekehanga | Te mate a Parkinson, te mate a Huntington, te mate Tourette |
| Ngā raruraru hinengaro me ngā raruraru whanonga | Ngā waranga, Te Mate Kore Aro, Te Mate Hinengaro Nui (ADHD), Te Mate a Alzheimer |
| Ētahi atu take | Te whiu, ngā pukupuku roro, ngā whara o te upoko, te paihana waro haukini, te paihana konganuku taumaha, ētahi mate pāwera |
Ngā tohu noa ka puta mai i te raruraru o te basal ganglia
Ka rerekē pea ngā tohu o te pakaru o tēnei wāhi i runga i te mate e pā ana, engari he maha ngā tohu e kitea whānuitia ana:
- Te ngaronga o te taurite me ngā raruraru taunga.
- Te ngoikore o te uaua, te whakawhāiti ohorere rānei (ngā kokiritanga).
- Ngā wiri , inā koa i te wā e okioki ana.
- Te ngoikore o te tirohanga.
- Ka pōhēhē, ka kore rānei e mārama te kōrero .
Me pēhea te tirotiro i tō rātou hauora?
Ka taea e tō tākuta te tono i ngā whakamātautau maha i runga i ō tohumate.
- Ngā whakamātautau toto: Ka taea e ēnei te kite i ngā mea pēnei i ngā paitini i roto i te tinana, ngā konganuku taumaha (pēnei i te parahi me te mercury), me ngā raruraru o te pūnaha ārai mate.
- Matawai CT me te matawai MRI: Ka taea e ēnei te tango whakaahua mārama o te roro me te rapu i ngā huringa o tōna hanganga, ngā kino mai i te pukupuku, te whiu rānei.
- EEG (Electroencephalogram): He whakamātautau e ine ana i te ngohe hiko o te roro.
- Whakamātautau ira: Hei tautuhi i ngā āhuatanga tuku iho pēnei i te mate a Huntington.
He aha ngā rongoā mō ēnei mate e pā ana?
Ko ngā kōwhiringa maimoatanga e whakawhirinaki ana ki tō āhua. Kāore he maimoatanga "kotahi te rahi e pai ana mō te katoa". Ka taea e te rongoā mō tētahi āhua te whakararu i tētahi atu āhua.
Ka rongoātia ētahi mate. I ngā wā tino kino, me mahi pokanga pea. Kāore e taea te whakaora i ētahi mate. I ēnei wā, ka ngana ngā tākuta ki te whakahaere i ō tohumate, me te āwhina i a koe ki te pupuri i te kounga o tō oranga kia pai rawa atu. Nō reira, ko tō tākuta anake ka taea te whakatau i te rongoā pai rawa atu mō tō mate.
Me aha tātou kia ora tonu ai te pūmua basal ganglia?
Ahakoa kāore e taea e tātou te ārai i ngā mate katoa e pā ana ki te basal ganglia, he maha ngā mea ka taea e tātou te mahi hei whakaiti i tō tātou mōrearea. Inaa, he mea nui ngā mea e mahia ana e tātou hei pupuri i te hauora o te roro me te tinana katoa.
- Kai i te kai taurite:Ka pāngia te pūnaha io e te korenga, te nui rānei o ngā huaora me ngā kohuke. Waihoki, ka āwhina te kai hauora ki te pupuri i te hauora o te pūnaha tohanga toto. He mea tino nui tēnei hei tiaki i ngā mate pēnei i te whiu.
- Kia kaha te tinana, kia mau tonu te taumaha hauora: Mā te whakakorikori tinana me te pupuri i te taumaha hauora ka āwhina i te tiaki i ngā mate ka kino ki te roro, pērā i te toto toto tiketike.
- Mauria ngā taputapu tiaki: He mea tino nui tēnei! Ka taea e ngā whara o te mahunga, inā koa ko ngā whara o te roro, te whakararu i te pūnaha uaua matua. Nō reira, he mea nui kia mauria he potae tiaki, pērā i te potae, ina eke pahikara, ina motopaika, ina takaro i ētahi hākinakina, me ngā mahi morearea.
- Whakahaerehia ō mate pūmau: Mena he mate roa tōu pēnei i te mate huka, te toto toto tiketike rānei, whai i ngā tohutohu a tō tākuta, ā, tangohia ō rongoā e ai ki te whakahaunga. Mā te mahi pēnei ka āwhina i te ārai, te whakahaere rānei i te kino ka pā ki tō roro.
He wāhanga whakamiharo, he wāhanga tino nui o tō tātou roro ngā ganglia basal. Kei te ako tonu ngā kaipūtaiao mōna. Engari ko tā tātou e mōhio ana ko tēnei wāhanga iti nei e pā ana ki te nuinga o ngā āhuatanga o tō tātou oranga. Nō reira, ko tā tātou kawenga he tiaki i a ia, he pupuri hoki i tōna hauora.
Karere Tangohia ki te Kāinga
- Ko ngā ganglia basal he kohinga o ngā hanganga nui kei roto i te roro e whakahaere ana i ā tātou nekehanga, whakatau kaupapa, tikanga, me ngā kare ā-roto.
- Ka taea e te kino o tēnei wāhi te arahi ki ngā mate pēnei i te mate a Parkinson, te wiri, me te uaua ki te hikoi, tae atu ki ngā raruraru whanonga pēnei i te waranga.
- He mea nui te noho hauora (te kai pai, te whakakori tinana), me te tiaki i a ia anō mai i ngā whara o te mahunga, kia ora ai te mahi a te basal ganglia.
- Mena ka pā mai ngā tohu pēnei i te wiri o te tinana, te raruraru taurite, te uaua rānei ki te kōrero, me toro atu ki tō tākuta tonu ki te matapaki i tēnei.
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