Kua rongo koe i tētahi wāhanga o tō ringa, o tō waewae rānei e ngoikore tonu ana, e mamae noa ana rānei? I ētahi wā ka whakaaro tātou he raruraru kei taua ringa, kei taua waewae rānei. Engari tera pea kei tawhiti rawa atu te take, kei roto i tētahi io e ahu mai ana i tō tuaiwi. I tēnei rā ka kōrero tātou mō tēnei 'mahere io' whakamiharo o tō tātou tinana. I roto i te rongoā, ka kiia tēnei he dermatome. He kaupapa tino whakamere tēnei, kia kite tātou he aha te mea.
He aha te tikanga o te dermatome?
Ko te dermatome te ingoa i hoatu ki tētahi wāhi kiri motuhake o te tinana. Engari ehara i te mea he wāhi kiri noa iho. Kei ia o ēnei wāhi te mana whakahaere, arā, ko ngā kare ā-roto (ngā kare ā-roto) o taua wāhi ka haria ki te roro e tētahi io motuhake i roto i tō tātou tuaiwi (te taurakira).
Whakaarohia pēnei. He rite tō tuaiwi ki tētahi huarahi nui. Ka haere ngā mōhiohio (ngā tohu io) ki runga, ki raro i tēnei huarahi, ki te roro me ētahi atu wāhanga o te tinana. He ara iti kei roto, kei waho hoki i tēnei huarahi. Ko aua ara ko ngā io tuaiwi e puta mai ana i tō tātou tuaiwi. Ka honoa ia ara ki tētahi wāhanga motuhake o te tinana. Ka kiia taua wāhi kiri he dermatome.
E rua ngā huarahi e mahi ai tēnei whanaungatanga.
1. Mai i te roro ki te tinana: Ina hiahia koe ki te neke i tō ringa, ka haere te tohu mai i tō roro ki raro i tō tuaiwi, mā roto i te io e tika ana ki ngā uaua o tō ringa.
2. Mai i te tinana ki te roro: Ki te maturuturu koe i te wai wera ki tō ringaringa, ka haere te kare i te kiri mā roto i ngā io e tika ana ki te tuaiwi, ā, mai i reira ki te roro, ka meinga koe kia rongo "kei te wera tō ringaringa." Koinei te āhua o ngā mea katoa, tae atu ki te pā, te makariri, te wera, me te mamae.
Nā, he aha te hiranga o tēnei mahere dermatome ki te tākuta?
Koinei te mea tino nui. Mena he ngoikore, he mamae, he ngaro rānei te kare ā-roto i tētahi wāhi o tō tinana, ka taea e tō tākuta te whakamahi i tēnei mahere kiri hei kimi i te wāhi kei reira te raruraru.
Whakaarohia kei te ngoikore tonu tō koromatua. Ina tirohia e tō tākuta te mahere dermatome, ka mōhio ia ko te io e tuku ana i te rongo ki tō koromatua ko te tuaono o ngā tuaiwi o te kaki (C6). Kātahi pea ka whakapae ia ehara i tō ringaringa te raruraru, engari kei tō kaki. Tērā pea kua paheke tetahi kōpae i waenganui i tētahi o ō tuaiwi o te kaki, ā, kei te pēhi i te io.
He rite te dermatome ki tētahi mahere mahi e āwhina ana i ngā tākuta ki te kimi i ngā raruraru o tō pūnaha io.
Kei hea te taunga o ēnei kiritōme i roto i ō tātou tinana?
Haunga tō tātou mata, kapi katoa tō tātou tinana i ngā kiri kiri. (E hono tika ana ngā io o te mata ki te roro, nō reira kāore e haere mā te tuaiwi.) He rite ēnei ki ngā whitiki e karapoti ana i ō tātou tinana.
Hei mārama ki tēnei, me ako tātou i ngā wāhanga o tō tātou tuaiwi.
- Tuarā o te kaki: Kei roto i te kaki tēnei. E whitu ngā tuaiwi me ngā takirua io e waru (C1 ki C8).
- Tuarā Uma: Kei te wāhanga o runga me waenganui o te tuara tēnei. Tekau mā rua ngā tuaiwi me ngā takirua io tekau mā rua (T1 ki te T12).
- Tuarā Lumbar: Kei roto i tō tuara o raro tēnei. E rima ōna tuaiwi me ngā takirua io e rima (L1 ki L5).
- Tuarā Sacral: Koinei te wāhi e hono ai te tuaiwi ki te wheua hope. E rima ngā tuaiwi (e hono tahi ana i te pakeketanga) me ngā takirua io e rima (S1 ki S5).
- Tuarā coccygeal: Koinei tō tātou wheua hiku. E whā pea ngā tuaiwi kua honoa tetahi ki tetahi. Kotahi te takirua o ngā io.
Nā, kia kite tātou ko ēhea wāhanga o te tinana e hono ana ia o ēnei io.
Ngā kiri e pā ana ki ngā io o te kaki (Nio o te kaki - C1-C8)
Ko ngā io e puta mai ana i te kaki e hono ana ki te upoko, te kaki, ngā pakihiwi, ngā ringa me ngā maihao.
| io | Rohe Kiri Honohono |
|---|---|
| C2 | Te tuara o te māhunga me te kauae i raro i ngā taringa. |
| C3 | Ngā taha me te tuara o te kaki. |
| C4 | Te wāhanga o raro o te kaki, te tihi o ngā pakihiwi. |
| C5 | Ngā pakihiwi me te tuara o te ringa. |
| C6 | Te taha koromatua o te ringa, tērā taha o te ringa me te koromatua. |
| C7 | Te waenganui o te tuara o te ringa, te maihao tohu me te maihao waenga. |
| C8 | Te taha o te maihao iti o te ringa me te ringa, te maihao mowhiti me te maihao iti. |
Ngā kiri e pā ana ki ngā io o te uma (T1-T12)
Ko te nuinga o ēnei io e hono ana ki te uma, te puku, me te tuara. He rite ki ngā whitiki e karapoti ana i te tinana.
| io | Rohe Kiri Honohono |
|---|---|
| T1 | Te taha o roto o te ringa (te taha o te keeke). |
| T2 | Te kekē me te uma o runga. |
| T4 | Taumata o te uma. |
| T6 | Ko te taumata o raro rawa o te wheua waenga o te uma (sternum). |
| T10 | Te taumata o te pelvis. |
| T12 | Kei runga ake i te rohe o te uma. |
Ngā kiri e pā ana ki ngā io o te tuara (L1-L5)
E hono ana ēnei io, e ahu mai ana i te tuara o raro, ki ngā hope, ngā waewae, me ngā kapu waewae.
| io | Rohe Kiri Honohono |
|---|---|
| L1 | Te rohe o te uma me te taha whakarunga o te huha. |
| L2 | Te mua o te huha. |
| L3 | Te huha o raro me te turi. |
| L4 | Te taha roto o te pona me te pona waewae. |
| L5 | Te tuara o te waewae, te tihi o te waewae, me ētahi māikuku, tae atu ki te māikuku nui. |
Ngā io Sacral me Coccygeal (S1-S5)
E hono ana ēnei io ki te papa, te tuara o ngā waewae, me te wāhi ira tangata.
| io | Rohe Kiri Honohono |
|---|---|
| S1 | Te tuara o te huha me te papa, te kapu o te waewae me te māikuku iti. |
| S2 | Te waenganui o te tuara o te huha. |
| S3-S5 | Te rohe huri noa i waenganui o te papa, te nono, me ngā ira tangata. |
He aha ngā āhuatanga ka pā ki ngā kiriuhi kiri?
Ko te tohumate o te kiri he raruraru kei te io, kei te taurakira rānei e hono ana ki taua raruraru. He maha ngā take ka puta ai ēnei raruraru:
- Ngā Aituā: Te kino o te tuaiwi, o ngā pakiaka io rānei nā ngā aituā motuka, ngā hinganga, ngā werohanga, me ētahi atu.
- Ngā pukupuku tuaiwi, te mate pukupuku rānei: Ka taea e ngā pukupuku e tupu ana i roto i te tuaiwi te whakapōrearea i ngā io.
- Ngā mate urutā: Ka pupuhi, ka kōpiri hoki ngā io i ngā mate kitakita, i ngā mate huaketo rānei e pā ana ki te tuaiwi, ki ngā io rānei.
- Te whakahekenga o te rere o te toto (Ischemia): Te aukati i ngā oko toto e tuku ana i te tuaiwi me ngā io.
- Ngā āhuatanga whānau: Ngā āhua rerekē o te tuaiwi e puta mai ana i te whānautanga, pērā i te spina bifida.
- Kōpae Herniated: E mōhio ana tātou katoa ki te āhua e kīia nei ko te 'disk herniated'. I tēnei wā, ka pupuhi te kōpae i waenganui i ngā tuaiwi ka pēhi i te io.
Ngā tohu ka puta pea i roto i tētahi raruraru e pā ana ki te dermatome
Ka taea te wehewehe i ēnei tohu ki ngā wāhanga matua e toru.
| Momo Tohu | Ngā tauira |
|---|---|
| Mōta | - Te ngoikore o te uaua, te pararutiki rānei (Pararutiki) - Ngā whakahekenga uaua kāore i te whakahaeretia - Te ngoikore o te uaua |
| Ngā Pūrongo | - Te ngoikore - Te ngoikore - Mamae (mamae wera, mamae wero) |
| Mana motuhake | - Te werawera nui, te kore rānei e werawera i te wāhi e pāngia ana - He uaua ki te whakahaere i te mimi, i te tūtae rānei - Te moepuku |
He aha ngā whakamātautau e mahia ana hei kimi i ēnei momo raruraru?
I muri i te whakarongo a tō tākuta ki ō tohu me te tirotiro i a koe, ka tukuna pea koe e ia mō ēnei whakamātautau hei whakatau i te tino take.
- Matawai CT (Tomography Rorohiko): Ka āwhina tēnei ki te aromatawai pai ake i te āhua o ngā wheua o te tuaiwi.
- Matawai MRI (Whakaahua Āhua Aukume): Ka taea e tēnei te tango pikitia mārama rawa atu o ngā wheua o te tuaiwi, tae atu ki te taurakira, ngā io, me ngā kōpae kiriuhi.
- Whakamātautau EMG (Electromyogram): Mā tēnei ka whakamātautau i te mahi a ngā io me ngā uaua, arā, te haere o ngā tohu hiko. Ka āwhina tēnei ki te whakatau mēnā kua pakaru tētahi io.
Me aha tātou hei tiaki i tō tātou tuaiwi me ō tātou io?
He kōrero a Dermatome mō te hauora o tō tātou tuaiwi. Nō reira, ko te mea nui ko te pupuri i te hauora o te tuaiwi.
- Whakamahia ngā mahi haumaru: Mauria he whitiki nohoanga tika ina eke waka. Mauria he whitiki haumaru mēnā e mahi ana i te teitei.
- Kia tūpato i te wā e hiki ana i ngā taumaha: I te wā e hiki ana i ngā taumaha , pikohia ō turi, kaua tō tuara . Kia tika tō tuara. Kaua e hiki i ngā taumaha mēnā he raruraru tō tuara.
- Tiakina koe kei hinga: Puritia ngā tatau, inā koa i roto i te wharepaku me ngā arawhata, kia kore e paheke. Tāutahia he reera ringaringa mēnā e tika ana.
- Kia kaha ō wheua: Kai i ngā kai e nui ana te konupūmā me te huaora D. Ka taea e ngā mate angiangi wheua pēnei i te osteoporosis te meinga kia whati ngāwari ngā tuaiwi.
- Kia tika te tū: Kia tika tō tuara i a koe e noho ana, e tū ana rānei. Kaua e noho roa i te tūnga kotahi. Whakatika, ka hikoi haere i te iti rawa i te kotahi i ia hawhe haora.
He tauira pai tēnei ariā o ngā kiri kiri e whakaatu ana i te uaua me te mīharo o te hanganga o ō tātou tinana. Mēnā kei te pāngia koe e te māuiui, te mamae rānei pēnei, kaua e warewaretia, me toro atu ki tō tākuta mō ētahi tohutohu.
Karere Tangohia ki te Kāinga
- Ko te dermatome he wāhi kiri e whakahaerehia ana e tētahi io motuhake i roto i tō tātou tuaiwi.
- Tērā pea he raruraru kei te io o te tuaiwi te take o te ngoikore, te mamae, te ngaronga rānei o te kare ā-roto i tētahi wāhi o te tinana.
- He mea tino nui tēnei mahere kiri mō ngā tākuta ki te tautuhi i ngā mate pūnaha io.
- Ka taea te ārai i te nuinga o ēnei raruraru mā te tiaki i tō hauora tuara me te tiaki i a koe anō mai i ngā aituā.
- Mena ka pā mai he kare ā-roto rerekē tonu (te ngenge, te mamae) ki ngā wāhi katoa o tō tinana, kaua e warewaretia, engari me toro atu ki tō tākuta tonu.
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